CN112094165A - 一种由Suzuki偶联反应制备联芳烃类化合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种由Suzuki偶联反应制备联芳烃类化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物(结构式和取代基见说明书)的制备方法,通过往反应体系中加入非离子型表面活性剂,由结构式I所示的氯代芳烃与结构式II所示的芳基硼酸进行Suzuki偶联反应。本发明提供的制备方法,氯代芳烃反应活性高,原料成本低,反应条件温和,绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由Suzuki偶联反应制备联芳烃类化合物的方法。
背景技术
联苯类化合物具有特有的化学和物理性质,被作为结构单元广泛应用于农药、医药、有机导体、半导体、有机小分子功能材料(如荧光化合物、液晶材料、非线性光学材料等)和有机合成中间体等领域。
联苯类化合物的制备,通过过渡金属催化的Suzuki偶联反应是构建Csp2—Csp2键最主要的有效方法之一,例如钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应。在钯催化卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应中,常用的卤代芳烃包括碘代芳烃、溴代芳烃和氯代芳烃,其中:碘代芳烃和溴代芳烃价格贵、成本高;氯代芳烃价格低,但活性低、反应性差。如何在Suzuki偶联反应中,提高低成本氯代芳烃的活性和反应性,是目前Suzuki偶联反应产业化急需解决的难题之一。
非专利文献Synthesis;nb.4;2006;p692-698中记载了,使用钯碳作为催化剂,在水溶剂下,使用氢氧化钠为碱,在100℃反应2小时,以98%收率得到目标化合物。该方法中,作为原料的芳香族氯化物不仅被限定为作为取代基还具有硝基的反应性高的化合物,而且还需要添加大量四丁基溴化铵,因此存在制造成本高的缺点。
专利文献CN104513115A记载了在水溶剂下,使用钯化合物为催化剂,使用三乙胺作为碱,在高压反应釜中85℃和95℃反应3小时、4小时,以91.9%以上的收率得到目标化合物。该方法中,必须使用85℃以上的高温,当反应温度为75℃时反应收率仅78.4%,当反应温度为20℃时不反应,还必须使用有机碱三乙胺,当使用氢氧化钾替代三乙胺时,反应收率仅32.2%,而且作为原料的的芳香族氯化物被限定为邻位具有氟院子的芳香族硼酸化合物或其环状三聚体和具有特定取代基的芳香族氯化物。
因此,有必要对以氯代芳烃为原料进行Suzuki偶联反应做进一步的技术改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种经改进的以氯代芳烃为原料经Suzuki偶联反应制备联芳烃类化合物的方法。
本发明提供改进方法,通过在含水溶剂中,加入非离子型表面活性剂与之配成水相溶液,并在钯催化剂、催化剂配体和碱的协同作用下,显著提高氯代芳烃的反应活性,使氯代芳烃与芳基硼酸进行Suzuki偶联反应而制得相应的联芳烃类化合物。
本发明提供的制备方法,反应方程式如下:
本发明提供的制备方法中,使用的原料,即结构式I所示的氯代芳烃,其取代基X可以是独立地选自氢、C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、卤代C1-C10烷基、卤代C1-C10烷氧基、取代的芳基、取代的杂环芳基、卤素、氰基、硝基、乙酰基、醛基、羧基、酯基或羟基。
作为一种实施方式,结构式I所示的氯代芳烃,其取代基X独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、取代的芳基、取代的杂环芳基、卤素、氰基、硝基、乙酰基、醛基、羧基、酯基或羟基。
作为一种实施方式,结构式I所示的氯代芳烃,其取代基X独立地选自氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、卤代C1-C3烷基、卤代C1-C3烷氧基、取代的芳基、取代的杂环芳基、卤素、氰基、硝基、乙酰基、醛基、羧基、酯基或羟基。
作为一种实施方式,结构式I所示的氯代芳烃,其取代基X独立地选自氢、甲基、甲氧基、苄基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、苯基、萘基、杂环芳基、氟、氰基、硝基、乙酰基、醛基、羧基、酯基或羟基。
本发明提供的制备方法中,使用的原料,即结构式I所示的氯代芳烃,其取代基X的个数,即m为0~4的整数。
本发明提供的制备方法中,结构式I所示的氯代芳烃,其取代基X的个数,即m为0~3的整数。
本发明提供的制备方法中,结构式I所示的氯代芳烃,其取代基X的个数,即m为0~2的整数。
本发明提供的制备方法中,使用的原料,即结构式II所示的芳基硼酸,G可以是选自苯环、萘环、苯并杂环、吡啶环或芳香5元杂环,且所述芳香5元杂环中含有至少1个杂原子,且所述杂原子独立地选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子。
作为一种实施方式,结构式II所示的芳基硼酸,G选自苯环、萘环、苯并呋喃环、吡啶环或噻唑环。
本发明提供的制备方法中,使用的原料,即结构式II所示的芳基硼酸,取代基Y独立地选自氢、C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、卤代C1-C10烷基、卤代C1-C10烷氧基、卤素、氰基或硝基。
作为一种实施方式,结构式II所示的芳基硼酸,取代基Y独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、卤素、氰基或硝基。
作为一种实施方式,结构式II所示的芳基硼酸,取代基Y独立地选自氢、C1-C3烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、卤代C1-C3烷基、卤代C1-C3烷氧基、卤素、氰基或硝基。
作为一种实施方式,结构式II所示的芳基硼酸,取代基Y独立地选自氢、甲基叔丁基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、氟、氯、氰基或硝基。
本发明提供的制备方法中,使用的原料,即结构式II所示的芳基硼酸,取代基Y的个数,即n为0~4的整数。
作为一种实施方式,结构式II所示的芳基硼酸,取代基Y的个数,即n为0~3的整数。
本发明所述结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物,其部分化合物可以是表1所示化合物。但表1所示的化合物并不限制本发明所述结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的范围。
表1、部分联芳基类化合物结构
本发明提供的制备方法,通过在含水溶剂中,加入非离子型表面活性剂与之配成水相溶液,并与钯催化剂、催化剂配体和碱产生协同作用,显著提高氯代芳烃的反应活性,使氯代芳烃与芳基硼酸进行Suzuki偶联反应而制得相应的联芳烃类化合物。
本发明使用的含水溶剂,可以是仅包括水的溶剂,也可以是包括水和其他有机溶剂的溶剂。作为一种实施方式,所述含水溶剂为仅包括水的溶剂。
本发明使用的非离子型表面活性剂,可以是选自聚氧乙烯型非离子型表面活性剂和多元醇型非离子型表面活性剂中的至少一种。
作为一种实施方式,所述非离子型表面活性剂选自Brij-35、Triton X-100、PTS、TPGS-750-M、NOK和PQS中的至少一种。部分非离子型表面活性剂的结构式如下:
所述非离子型表面活性剂的用量,满足能够提高氯代芳烃的反应活性、提高反应效率即可。作为一种实施方式,非离子型表面活性剂在含水溶剂中的浓度为1wt%~4wt%。
本发明提供的制备方法,使用的钯催化剂,可以是选自醋酸钯、氯化钯、双三苯基膦二氯化钯、四(三苯基膦)钯、钯碳、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物和1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁二氯合钯中的至少一种。
作为一种实施方式,所述钯催化剂选自醋酸钯、氯化钯、氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物或1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦)二茂铁二氯合钯中的至少一种。
对于钯催化剂,满足能够提高氯代芳烃的反应活性、提高反应效率即可。作为一种实施方式,钯催化剂的用量为反应底物的0.01mol%~2mol%。作为另一种实施方式,钯催化剂的用量为反应底物的0.1mol%~1mol%。
本发明提供的制备方法,除钯催化剂外,需使用催化剂配体,所述催化剂配体可以是选自三苯基膦、三环己基膦、dppf(1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁)、dtbpf(1,1-二(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁)、BI-DIME(3-(叔丁基)-4-(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)-2,3-二氢苯并[d][1,3]氧磷杂环戊二烯)、SPhos(2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯)、XPhos(2-二环己基磷-2',4',6'-三异丙基联苯)、DPEPhos(双(二环己基膦基苯基)醚)、XantPhos(4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽)、JohnPhos(2-(二叔丁基膦)联苯)、CyJohnPhos(2-(二环己基膦基)联苯)、DavePhos(2-二环己膦基-2'-(N,N-二甲胺)-联苯)、MePhos(2-双环己基膦-2'-甲基联苯)、vBRIDP(1,1-二苯基-2-(二叔丁基膦基)丙烯)、Cy-vBRIDP(1,1-二苯基-2-(二环己基基膦基)丙烯)、cBRIDP(二叔丁基-(1-甲基-2,2-二苯基-环丙基)-膦)和Cy-cBRIDP(二环己基-(1-甲基-2,2-二苯基-环丙基)-膦)中的至少一种。部分配体的结构式如下:
作为一种实施方式,所述催化剂配体可以是选自SPhos(2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯)、XPhos(2-二环己基磷-2',4',6'-三异丙基联苯)和dtbpf(1,1-二(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁)中的至少一种。
对于催化剂配体的用量,满足能够提高氯代芳烃的反应活性、提高反应效率即可。作为一种实施方式,催化剂配体的用量为钯催化剂的100mol%至1000mol%。
作为一种实施方式,催化剂配体的用量为钯催化剂的200mol%至400mol%。
本发明提供的制备方法,使用的碱选自有机碱和/或无机碱,可以是有机碱,也可以是无机碱,还可以是有机碱和无机碱的混合物。
作为一种实施方式,当所述碱为无机碱时,所述碱选自氢氧化钠、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铯、乙酸钠、磷酸钾和氟化钾中的至少一种。
作为一种实施方式,当所述碱为有机碱时,所述碱选自叔丁醇钾、吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、N-甲基吗啉和N,N-二甲基苯胺中的至少一种。
作为一种实施方式,当所述碱为无机碱和有机碱时,所述碱选自氢氧化钠、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铯、乙酸钠、磷酸钾、氟化钾、叔丁醇钾、吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、N-甲基吗啉和N,N-二甲基苯胺中的至少一种。
对于碱的用量,满足能够提高氯代芳烃的反应活性、提高反应效率即可。作为一种实施方式,碱的用量为氯代芳烃的100mol%至500mol%。
作为一种实施方式,碱的用量为氯代芳烃的200mol%至300mol%。
本发明提供的制备方法,反应温度不需要高温,保持在50℃以下即可。
作为一种实施方法,所述反应温度保持在室温~50℃即可。
本发明提供的制备方法,相比现有技术具有如下优势:
(1)氯代芳烃反应活性高,成本低;
(2)水相体系中形成微胶束,钯催化剂用量低,可节约生产成本、减少产品中钯残留;
(3)水相溶剂绿色环保,反应条件温和,避免高温回流反应,操作简便。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明进行进一步说明,但并不将本发明局限于这些具体实施方式。本领域技术人员应该认识到,本发明涵盖了权利要求书范围内所可能包括的所有备选方案、改进方案和等效方案。
实施例1:
在反应瓶中加入0.16g邻氯硝基苯(1mmol,1eq)、0.17g 4-氯苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、6.5mg 1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁二氯合钯(1.0mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液2mL,体系内置换氮气,加入碳酸钾0.34g(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得2-硝基-4′-氯联苯0.23g,收率98.3%。
制备得到的2-硝基-4′-氯联苯,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.87(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.62(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.50(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.43–7.36(m,3H),7.24(d,J=7.8Hz,2H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ149.09,135.94,135.23,134.48,132.53,131.87,129.30,128.94,128.60,124.29.
实施例2:
在反应瓶中加入0.17g 2-氯-4-氟硝基苯(1mmol,1eq)、0.19g 2-萘硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、2.24mg醋酸钯(1mol%)和8.20mg SPhos(2mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液2mL,体系内置换氮气,加入三乙胺0.42mL(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得2-(5-氟-2-硝基苯基)萘0.24g,收率89.2%。
制备得到的2-(5-氟-2-硝基苯基)萘,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.99(dd,J=9.0,5.4Hz,1H),7.90–7.83(m,3H),7.79(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.55-7.51(m,2H),7.37(dd,J=8.4,1.8Hz,1H),7.22(dd,J=9.0,3.0Hz,1H),7.20-7.16(m,1H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ164.83,163.13,134.08,133.17,132.99,128.49,128.22,127.80,127.08,126.89,126.73,125.32,119.18,115.16.
实施例3:
在反应瓶中加入0.14g对氯苯腈(1mmol,1eq)、0.15g 2-甲基苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、11.55mg四(三苯基膦)钯(1mol%)和9.53mg XPhos(2mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液2mL,体系内置换氮气,加入氢氧化钠0.12g(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得2-甲基-4′-氰基-1,1’-联苯0.18g,收率92.8%。
制备得到的2-甲基-4′-氰基-1,1’-联苯,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.24–6.51(m,8H),3.30–1.96(m,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ146.80,140.00,135.04,131.98,130.67,130.00,129.42,128.30,126.10,118.96,110.73,20.32.
实施例4:
在反应瓶中加入0.20g 2,4-二硝基氯苯(1mmol,1eq)、0.20g 4-叔丁基苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、3.66mg氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物(1mol%)和11.57mg XantPhos(2mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液2mL,体系内置换氮气,加入磷酸钾0.64g(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得2,4-二硝基-4’-叔丁基-1,1’-联苯0.29g,收率97.7%。
制备得到的2,4-二硝基-4’-叔丁基-1,1’-联苯,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.67(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.45(dd,J=8.4,2.4Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),1.36(s,9H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ152.99,149.15,146.64,142.21,133.15,132.10,127.47,126.35,126.14,119.65,34.83,31.21.
实施例5:
在反应瓶中加入0.14g 3-氯苯腈(1mmol,1eq)、0.16g 3,4-二甲基苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、1.77mg氯化钯(1mol%)和5.97mg JohnPhos(2mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液2mL,体系内置换氮气,加入碳酸钠0.32g(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得3,4-二甲基-3’-氰基-1,1’-联苯0.16g,收率77.2%。
制备得到的3,4-二甲基-3’-氰基-1,1’-联苯,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.84(s,1H),7.79(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.51(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.34(s,1H),7.30(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.24(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.33(d,J=14.4Hz,6H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ142.49,137.41,137.06,136.43,131.27,130.49,130.39,130.30,129.48,128.26,124.39,118.97,112.84,19.92,19.49.
实施例6:
在反应瓶中加入0.16g对氯苯乙酮(1mmol,1eq)、0.21g 3-三氟甲基苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、1.77mg氯化钯(1mol%)和8.2mg SPhos(2mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液4mL,体系内置换氮气,加入氢氧化钠0.12g(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得3-三氟甲基-4’-乙酰基-1,1’-联苯0.26g,收率99.0%。
制备得到的3-三氟甲基-4’-乙酰基-1,1’-联苯,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.05(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.85(s,1H),7.78(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.65(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.58(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),2.64(s,3H).13CNMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ197.58,144.12,140.68,136.48,131.49,131.28,130.53,129.48,129.06,127.32,124.84,124.01,26.64.
实施例7:
在反应瓶中加入0.13g 3-氯甲苯(1mmol,1eq)、0.17g 3-甲氧基苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、0.07mg 1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁二氯合钯(0.01mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液3mL,体系内置换氮气,加入三乙胺0.42mL(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得3-甲基-3’-甲氧基-1,1’-联苯0.18g,90.9%。
制备得到的3-甲基-3’-甲氧基-1,1’-联苯,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.41–7.34(m,2H),7.33–7.25(m,2H),7.18–7.09(m,3H),6.89-6.83(m,1H),3.79(d,J=2.5Hz,3H),2.38(d,J=3.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ160.07,160.07,143.03,141.24,138.42,129.83,128.94–128.68(m),128.54–128.23(m),128.12,124.45,119.83,113.04,112.74,55.35,21.66.
实施例8:
在反应瓶中加入0.18g 2-氯-4-氟硝基苯(1mmol,1eq)、0.19g苯并呋喃2-硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、9.16mg三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(1mol%)和10.77mg DPEPhos(2mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液2mL,体系内置换氮气,加入叔丁醇钾0.34g(3mmol,3eq),25℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得2-(5-氟-2-硝基苯基)-2,7a-二氢苯并呋喃0.19g,74.5%。
制备得到的2-(5-氟-2-硝基苯基)-2,7a-二氢苯并呋喃,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82(dd,J=8.4,4.8Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.56(dd,J=9.0,3.0Hz,1H),7.50(dd,J=8.4,1.2Hz,1H),7.37–7.34(m,1H),7.31–7.24(m,1H),7.20-7.14(m,1H),7.05(d,J=0.6Hz,1H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ164.61,162.92,155.19,149.07,144.27,128.25,126.83,125.87,123.50,121.77,116.71,116.09,111.51,107.16.
实施例9:
在反应瓶中加入0.16g邻氯硝基苯(1mmol,1eq)、0.19g 3,4,5-三氟苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、7.02mg双三苯基膦二氯化钯(1mol%),加入2wt%NOK/H2O溶液2mL,体系内置换氮气,加入叔丁醇钾0.34g(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得3,4,5-三氟-2’-硝基-1,1’-联苯0.17g,69.2%。
制备得到的3,4,5-三氟-2’-硝基-1,1’-联苯,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.94(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.67(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.57(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=6.6Hz,2H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ151.95,150.29,148.70,140.65,138.97,132.83,131.66,129.41,124.53,112.60.
实施例10:
在反应瓶中加入0.16g邻氯硝基苯(1mmol,1eq)、0.19g 2-甲氧基-5-氟苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、0.37mg氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物(0.1mol%)和0.82mg SPhos(0.2mol%),加入2wt%TPGS-750-M/H2O溶液2mL,体系内置换氮气,加入碳酸铯0.98g(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x2mL),合并乙酸乙酯层用无水Mg2SO4干燥,过滤,旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产品,经薄层层析分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,v/v)纯化后得2-甲氧基-5-氟-2’-硝基-1,1’-联苯0.22g,91.8%。
制备得到的2-甲氧基-5-氟-2’-硝基-1,1’-联苯,其结构表征如下:
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(dd,J=7.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.64(td,J=7.2,1.2Hz,1H),7.50(td,J=7.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J=7.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.09–7.03(m,2H),6.86–6.79(m,1H),3.66(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ157.99,156.40,152.06,149.53,132.90,132.25,131.96,128.52,124.02,116.56,115.52,111.49,55.73.
对比实施例1:
在反应瓶中加入0.16g邻氯硝基苯(1mmol,1eq)、0.17g 4-氯苯硼酸(1.1mmol,1.1eq)、6.5mg 1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁二氯合钯(1.0mol%),加入2mL水(不加表面活性剂),体系内置换氮气,加入碳酸钾0.34g(3mmol,3eq),45℃度搅拌反应8小时。停止反应,冷却至室温,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取,经HPLC分析,通过内标法计算邻氯硝基苯转化率仅为4.8%。
Claims (10)
1.一种结构式I所示的氯代芳烃与结构式II所示的芳基硼酸进行Suzuki偶联反应制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,所述方法包括:
在含水溶剂中,在非离子型表面活性剂存在下,在钯催化剂、催化剂配体和碱的作用下,结构式I所示的氯代芳烃与结构式II所示的芳基硼酸进行Suzuki偶联反应得到结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物;
所述非离子型表面活性剂选自聚氧乙烯型非离子型表面活性剂和多元醇型非离子型表面活性剂中的至少一种;
反应方程式如下:
其中:
G选自苯环、萘环、苯并杂环、吡啶环或芳香5元杂环,且所述芳香5元杂环中含有至少1个杂原子,且所述杂原子独立地选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子;
X独立地选自氢、C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、卤代C1-C10烷基、卤代C1-C10烷氧基、取代的芳基、取代的杂环芳基、卤素、氰基、硝基、乙酰基、醛基、羧基、酯基或羟基;
Y独立地选自氢、C1-C10烷基、C1-C10烷氧基、卤代C1-C10烷基、卤代C1-C10烷氧基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
m为0~4的整数;
n为0~4的整数。
2.按照权利要求1所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述非离子型表面活性剂选自Brij-35、Triton X-100、PTS、TPGS-750-M、NOK和PQS中的至少一种。
3.按照权利要求1所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述钯催化剂选自醋酸钯、氯化钯、双三苯基膦二氯化钯、四(三苯基膦)钯、钯碳、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物和1,1'-双(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁二氯合钯中的至少一种。
4.按照权利要求1所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂配体选自三苯基膦、三环己基膦、dppf(1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁)、dtbpf(1,1-二(二叔丁基膦基)二茂铁)、BI-DIME(3-(叔丁基)-4-(2,6-二甲氧基苯基)-2,3-二氢苯并[d][1,3]氧磷杂环戊二烯)、SPhos(2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二甲氧基联苯)、XPhos(2-二环己基磷-2',4',6'-三异丙基联苯)、DPEPhos(双(二环己基膦基苯基)醚)、XantPhos(4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽)、JohnPhos(2-(二叔丁基膦)联苯)、CyJohnPhos(2-(二环己基膦基)联苯)、DavePhos(2-二环己膦基-2'-(N,N-二甲胺)-联苯)、MePhos(2-双环己基膦-2'-甲基联苯)、vBRIDP(1,1-二苯基-2-(二叔丁基膦基)丙烯)、Cy-vBRIDP(1,1-二苯基-2-(二环己基基膦基)丙烯)、cBRIDP(二叔丁基-(1-甲基-2,2-二苯基-环丙基)-膦)和Cy-cBRIDP(二环己基-(1-甲基-2,2-二苯基-环丙基)-膦)中的至少一种。
5.按照权利要求1所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述碱选自有机碱和/或无机碱。
6.按照权利要求5所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述碱选自氢氧化钠、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铯、乙酸钠、磷酸钾、氟化钾、叔丁醇钾、吡啶、三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、N-甲基吗啉和N,N-二甲基苯胺中的至少一种。
7.按照权利要求1所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:反应温度为50℃以下。
8.按照权利要求1所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:
G选自苯环、萘环、苯并杂环、吡啶环或芳香5元杂环,且所述芳香5元杂环中含有至少1个杂原子,且所述杂原子独立地选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子;
X独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、取代的芳基、取代的杂环芳基、卤素、氰基、硝基、乙酰基、醛基、羧基、酯基或羟基;
Y独立地选自氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
m为0~4的整数;
n为0~4的整数。
9.按照权利要求8所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:
G选自苯环、萘环、苯并杂环、吡啶环或芳香5元杂环,且所述芳香5元杂环中含有至少1个杂原子,且所述杂原子独立地选自氧原子、硫原子或氮原子;
X独立地选自氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、卤代C1-C3烷基、卤代C1-C3烷氧基、取代的芳基、取代的杂环芳基、卤素、氰基、硝基、乙酰基、醛基、羧基、酯基或羟基;
Y独立地选自氢、C1-C3烷基、C1-C3烷氧基、卤代C1-C3烷基、卤代C1-C3烷氧基、卤素、氰基或硝基;
m为0~3的整数;
n为0~3的整数。
10.按照权利要求9所述的制备结构式III所示联芳烃类化合物的方法,其特征在于:
G选自苯环、萘环、苯并呋喃环、吡啶环或噻唑环;
X独立地选自氢、甲基、甲氧基、苄基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、苯基、萘基、杂环芳基、氟、氰基、硝基、乙酰基、醛基、羧基、酯基或羟基;
Y独立地选自氢、甲基叔丁基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、氟、氯、氰基或硝基;
m为0~2的整数;
n为0~3的整数。
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