CN112093902A - Intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process and device thereof - Google Patents
Intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2846—Anaerobic digestion processes using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intermittent variable-speed fluidized bed sewage treatment device, which comprises a reaction tank and a reflux tank, wherein a constant-water-level decanter and a water outlet pipe are arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the reaction tank, a water distributor is arranged at the position close to the bottom of the reaction tank, the water inlet end of the water distributor is connected with the reflux tank, and a sludge discharge pipe is arranged below the water distributor. Accordingly, the inventors have also established a corresponding treatment process. The process is a novel high-efficiency sewage biological treatment technology which operates under the conditions of low oxygen supply amount and high activated sludge concentration, and reduces the oxygen supply amount to reduce the output of excess sludge and aeration energy consumption and improve the biological reaction speed of an intermittent variable speed fluidized bed reaction tank by improving the concentration of activated sludge in the intermittent variable speed fluidized bed reaction tank. Therefore, the method fundamentally overcomes the defects of poor effluent quality of the anaerobic sewage treatment process, high aeration energy consumption, high excess sludge yield and the like of the aerobic sewage treatment process, and solves the problems of high operating cost, high energy consumption and high excess sludge yield of the sewage treatment station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological treatment of organic wastewater and domestic sewage, and particularly relates to a sewage treatment process and a sewage treatment device of an intermittent variable-speed fluidized bed.
Background
The development of cities facilitates the lives of people, but the problems of increasingly severe domestic sewage and urban sewage pollution are followed. How to realize the sewage treatment with high efficiency and low energy consumption is a problem to be solved urgently in the technical field of the current sewage treatment. The anaerobic biological wastewater treatment technology is one of the important ways for solving the problem of organic wastewater treatment effectively, economically and energy-saving at present. However, the greatest weakness of the anaerobic biological treatment technology is that the effluent contains high concentration of organic pollutants, and the effluent does not meet the specified discharge standard. In order to reduce the concentration of organic pollutants in effluent water of anaerobic biological treatment, anaerobic organic wastewater treatment technologies with high treatment efficiency and large purification depth are actively researched and developed in many countries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sewage treatment process and a sewage treatment device of an intermittent variable-speed fluidized bed, which have the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, large purification depth and low excess sludge yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment device comprises a reaction tank and a reflux tank, wherein a constant water level decanter and a water outlet pipe are arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the reaction tank, a water distributor is arranged at the position close to the bottom of the reaction tank, the water inlet end of the water distributor is connected with the reflux tank, and a sludge discharge pipe is arranged below the water distributor.
The reflux pump is positioned 200 mm below the water surface of the reaction tank; the upper part of the reflux pool is provided with a drop water distributor and a sewage inlet pipe, and the water outlet end of the reflux pump is connected with the drop water distributor through a reflux pipe.
The intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process of the device runs.
The intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process is operated in sequential batch intermittent operation, sewage passes through the reflux tank and enters the reaction tank from the water distributor in an upflow plug flow mode, and one operation cycle of the reaction tank comprises three operation stages, namely a water inlet and drainage period, a reaction period and a precipitation filtration period.
Water inlet and drainage period: the sewage enters the reaction tank from the water distributor in an upflow plug flow mode through the backflow tank, the upflow speed of the sewage in the reaction tank is lower than the sedimentation speed of sludge in the reaction tank when water enters, and the purified sewage obtained in the previous period is pushed out from a constant water level decanter at the upper part of the reaction tank to realize water drainage while the sewage enters from bottom to top.
And (3) reaction period: circulating the sewage in the reaction tank in a reflux system by using a reflux pump, and simultaneously controlling the circulating upward flow speed of the sewage in the reaction tank to enable the sludge in the reaction tank to form a fluidized state, so that the activated sludge in the reaction tank is promoted to fully contact and react with the sewage in the reaction tank, the mass transfer speed and the reaction speed between the activated sludge and the sewage are increased, and the reaction tank enters a precipitation filtration period until the concentration of pollutants in the sewage in the reaction tank meets the treatment requirement; the reflux system consists of a reaction tank, a reflux pump, a reflux pipe, a drop water distributor, a reflux tank and a water distributor.
And (3) precipitation and filtration period: continuously circulating the sewage in the reaction tank in a reflux system by using a reflux pump, simultaneously reducing the rotating speed of the reflux pump, reducing the circulating upstream speed of the sewage in the reaction tank, and settling large-particle activated sludge in the reaction tank by utilizing the characteristic of high settling speed of the large-particle activated sludge to form small suspended matters in the low-speed circulating upstream sewage in the fixed bed filter reaction tank of the large-particle activated sludge; when the concentration of suspended matters in the circulating upstream sewage in the reaction tank meets the treatment requirement, the operation of the reflux pump is stopped, and the reaction tank enters the water inlet and drainage period of the next period.
In the water inlet and drainage periods, the upstream flow velocity of the sewage in the reaction tank is less than 3m/h when water is fed; the circulating upward flow velocity of the sewage in the reaction tank in the precipitation filtration period is as low as below 5 m/h.
And carrying out drop aeration on the sewage circulating outside the reaction tank in the reaction period.
Controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration of the sewage in the reaction tank to be lower than 1.5mg/L in the reaction period.
Aiming at the problems existing in the current anaerobic biological wastewater treatment, the inventor designs and manufactures an intermittent variable-speed fluidized bed sewage treatment device which comprises a reaction tank and a reflux tank, wherein a constant-water-level decanter and a water outlet pipe are arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the reaction tank, and water distribution is arranged at the position close to the bottom of the reaction tankThe water inlet end of the water distributor is connected with a reflux pool, and a sludge discharge pipe is arranged below the water distributor. The inventor also establishes a corresponding treatment process, sewage passes through the reflux tank and enters the reaction tank from the water distributor in an upflow plug flow mode through sequential batch intermittent operation, and one operation cycle of the reaction tank comprises three operation stages, namely a water inlet and drainage period, a reaction period and a precipitation filtration period. The process is a novel high-efficiency biological sewage treatment technology which operates under the conditions of low dissolved oxygen and high activated sludge concentration, and reduces the output of excess sludge, the aeration energy consumption and the biological reaction speed of an intermittent variable speed fluidized bed reaction tank by improving the concentration of activated sludge in the intermittent variable speed fluidized bed reaction tank and reducing the oxygen supply amount. Therefore, the method fundamentally overcomes the defects of poor effluent quality of the anaerobic sewage treatment process, high aeration energy consumption, high excess sludge yield and the like of the aerobic sewage treatment process, and solves the problems of high operating cost, high energy consumption and high excess sludge yield of the sewage treatment station. Practice shows that the intermittent variable speed fluidized bed reaction tank for treating organic wastewater and domestic sewage is arranged at BOD5Load is less than or equal to 1.2kgBOD5/m3D, total nitrogen load not more than 0.18kgTN/m3D, COD of the treated effluentcr、BOD5TN and NH3The concentration value of-N is lower than the standard limit value in the surface water environment quality standard (GB3838-2002) surface water environment quality IV standard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding advantages that:
1. because the running mode of the low-oxygen high-concentration activated sludge method is adopted, the concentration of the activated sludge in the biological reaction tank can be increased to more than 10g/L, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the sewage is reduced to less than 1.5mg/h, and the BOD removal of the sewage treatment system is improved5And the biological reaction speed of ammonia nitrogen partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation reduces the excess sludge yield, the aeration energy consumption and the effluent ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and BOD of the sewage treatment system5The concentration of (c).
2. Because the internal circulation fluidization technology is adopted, the loss of the activated sludge in the reaction tank can not be caused even if a very high circulation upstream flow velocity is adopted in the reaction period, so that the activated sludge and the sewage in the reaction tank can be fully mixed and subjected to contact reaction, and the mass transfer speed and the biological reaction speed between the activated sludge and the sewage are accelerated.
3. As the internal circulation fluidization technology is adopted, in the reaction period, the circulating sewage is aerated and oxygenated through the water drop distributor, the oxygenated sewage enters the reaction tank through the water distributor, so that the sewage and the sludge layer in the reaction tank form an aerobic zone, an anoxic zone and an anaerobic zone from bottom to top respectively, and the circulating sewage in the reaction tank is periodically in an aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic alternate process. Along with the reaction and the reduction of the substrate concentration in the sewage, the aerobic zone is gradually enlarged, the anaerobic zone is gradually reduced, when the reaction is finished, the substrate concentration of the sewage in the reactor is very low, and at the moment, the whole reaction tank only has the aerobic zone, so that the sewage treatment method has the working characteristics of the UASB reactor, the EGSB reactor, the SBR reactor and the oxidation ditch, and can well remove pollutants such as organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and the like in the sewage.
4. Because the internal circulation fluidization technology is adopted, the circulation upflow speed lower than 5m/h is adopted in the sedimentation and filtration period, the characteristic of high sedimentation speed of large-particle activated sludge is utilized to precipitate the large-particle activated sludge in the reaction tank, and the formed large-particle activated sludge fixed bed filters the tiny suspended matters in the low-speed circulation wastewater in the reaction tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment plant according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the intermittent variable speed fluidized bed in the water inlet and outlet periods of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process during the reaction period.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the settling and filtering stage of the intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows an application example (20 m)3The process flow diagram of/d).
In the figure: 1 sewage inlet pipe, 2 return pools, 3 water distributors, 4 sludge discharge pipes, 5 reaction pools, 6 sludge layers, 7 water outlet pipes, 8 constant water level decanter, 9 return pumps, 10 return pipes and 11 drop water distributors.
Detailed Description
A, basic structure
The intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment device comprises a reaction tank 5 and a reflux tank 2, wherein a constant water level decanter 8 and a water outlet pipe 7 are arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the reaction tank, a water distributor 3 is arranged at the position close to the bottom of the reaction tank, the water inlet end of the water distributor is connected with the reflux tank, and a sludge discharge pipe 4 is arranged below the water distributor. A reflux pump 9 is arranged 200 mm below the water surface of the reaction tank; the upper part of the reflux pool is provided with a drop water distributor and a sewage inlet pipe 1, and the water outlet end of the reflux pump is connected with the drop water distributor 11 through a reflux pipe 10.
Through research and test, the requirement of the effective volume of the reactor can be met according to the following formula design:
V＝Q·C/q
in the formula: v-effective volume m of reaction tank3(ii) a Q-design wastewater treatment amount m3D; C-BOD of the wastewater5Concentration kg/m3(ii) a q-volume load of reaction tank kgBOD5/m3·d。
The volume load q in the above formula is different depending on the components of the treated sewage, and for municipal sewage or domestic sewage, the volume load q in the above formula may be 1 to 3kgBOD5/m3D, 1.5kgBOD is recommended5/m3·d。
Second, the working principle
The invention discloses a sewage treatment device of an intermittent variable speed fluidized bed, which is developed on the basis of an EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) reactor, an ASBR (anaerobic sequencing batch reactor) reactor and an ICEAS (anaerobic baffled Electron adsorption and ionization) reactor, but the operation mode of an intermittent variable speed fluidized bed reaction tank is greatly different from that of the ICEAS process, the sewage passes through a reflux tank and enters the reaction tank from a water distributor in an upflow plug-flow mode through sequential batch intermittent operation, and one operation cycle of the reaction tank comprises three operation stages of a water inlet and drainage period, a reaction period and a precipitation filtration period.
Third, the method steps
1. Water intake and drainage period
The reaction tank does not carry out the circulating reaction and drop aeration at the stage. The sewage firstly enters the reflux pool through the sewage inlet pipe, enters the water distributor at the bottom of the reaction pool from the reflux pool and enters the reaction pool in an upflow plug flow mode. In order to ensure that the activated sludge in the reaction tank is not taken out of the reaction tank and ensure that the concentration of suspended matters in the effluent can meet the design requirement, the upflow speed of the sewage in the reaction tank is lower than 3m/h (lower than the sedimentation speed of the sludge in the reaction tank) when the sewage enters the water. And when the sewage enters from bottom to top, pushing the purified sewage obtained in the last reaction period out from the upper part of the reaction tank through the constant water level decanter and the water outlet pipe to realize water drainage. When the sewage inflow reaches the designed sewage inflow, the reaction tank stops water inflow and enters a reaction period.
2. Reaction period
After the water feeding and draining period is completed, the reaction tank enters into the reaction period. At this stage, the reaction tank is not filled with water or drained. The sewage in the reaction tank is pumped by a reflux pump, circularly flows in a reflux system consisting of the reflux pump, a reflux pipe, a water drop distributor, the reflux tank, the water distributor and the reaction tank, and simultaneously controls the circulating upward flow speed of the sewage in the reaction tank, so that a sludge layer (activated sludge) in the reaction tank is in a fluidized state, the activated sludge in the reaction tank is fully contacted with the sewage, and the mass transfer speed and the reaction speed between the activated sludge and the sewage are accelerated. The drop aeration is carried out on the sewage circulating outside the reaction tank in the reaction period, so that the sewage and the sludge blanket in the reaction tank form an aerobic zone, an anoxic zone and an anaerobic zone from bottom to top respectively. The circulating sewage in the reaction tank is periodically in an aerobic-anoxic-anaerobic alternate process, so that the shortcut nitrification of ammonia nitrogen and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation biochemical reaction in the sewage in the reaction tank can be smoothly carried out. The highest dissolved oxygen concentration of the sewage in the reaction tank must be controlled below 1.5mg/L in the whole circulation reaction process. And after the concentration of the pollutants in the sewage in the reaction tank meets the treatment requirement, stopping the circulating reaction after the reaction is finished, reducing the rotating speed of the reflux pump and the circulating upstream flow rate of the sewage in the reaction tank, and allowing the reaction tank to enter a precipitation filtration period.
3. Precipitation filtration phase
After the reaction period is finished, the reaction tank enters a precipitation filtration period. At this stage, the reaction tank is not filled with water or drained. And pumping the sewage in the reaction tank by using a reflux pump, circularly flowing in a reflux system consisting of the reflux pump, a reflux pipe, a water drop distributor, the reflux tank, the water distributor and the reaction tank, and simultaneously reducing the rotating speed of the reflux pump to ensure that the sewage in the reaction tank circularly flows upwards at an upstream flow velocity of less than 5 m/h. The low circulating upstream flow velocity can ensure that large-particle activated sludge in the reaction tank is precipitated at the bottom of the reaction tank in a fixed bed mode, the return sewage uniformly passes through a fixed bed sludge layer at the bottom of the reaction tank after being distributed by the water distributor, and fine particle suspended matters in the return sewage are filtered by utilizing the fixed bed sludge layer at the bottom of the reaction tank. The concentration of suspended substances in the sewage in the reaction tank is reduced to be very low through low-speed upward flow filtration. When the concentration of suspended matters in the sewage in the reaction tank meets the treatment requirement, the precipitation and filtration are finished, the running of the reflux pump is stopped, and the reaction tank enters the water inlet and drainage stage of the next period.
Because the concentration of the activated sludge in the reaction tank is up to more than 12g/L, and the reaction tank does not produce excess sludge, the invention does not set a sludge discharge period in the operation cycle, simplifies the operation and reduces the treatment cost. The reaction tank only needs to discharge the non-digestible sludge (plastic, fiber, hair, sand and the like) once per year through the sludge discharge pipe. Treating for 20m per day3The sewage treatment station only needs to discharge the non-digestible sludge once through the sludge discharge pipe every year, and the discharge amount of the non-digestible sludge is about 2m3The water content of the indigestible sludge is 98 percent.
Fourth, application example
80 people live in current villages of Chongjicun in Jiajizhen city, Hainan Joghai city, the sewage treatment station of Chongjicun adopts the sewage treatment process and equipment (figure 5) of the invention, and the treatment capacity of domestic sewage is designed to be 20m3And d. The minimum sewage treatment capacity of the sewage treatment station in winter is about 12m3(d) the maximum summer sewage treatment capacity is about 23m3And d. The sewage treatment station is built and operated in 2018, the quality of the outlet water (shown in table 1) reaches the surface water environmental quality IV standard in the surface water quality environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002) all the time, and the operation cost is about 0.5 yuan/ton of sewage.
TABLE 1 bridgehead village 20m3Water quality monitoring result of/d sewage treatment station
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an intermittent type formula variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment plant, includes reaction tank and backward flow pond, its characterized in that: the side wall of the upper part of the reaction tank is provided with a constant water level decanter and a water outlet pipe, the bottom of the reaction tank is provided with a water distributor, the water inlet end of the water distributor is connected with a reflux tank, and a sludge discharge pipe is arranged below the water distributor.
2. The intermittent variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reflux pump is positioned 200 mm below the water surface of the reaction tank; the upper part of the backflow pool is provided with a drop water distributor and a sewage inlet pipe, and the water outlet end of the backflow pump is connected with the drop water distributor through a backflow pipe.
3. A batch variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 2.
4. The sewage treatment process of the intermittent variable speed fluidized bed according to claim 3, wherein the sewage passes through the reflux tank and enters the reaction tank from the water distributor in an upflow plug flow manner through the sequential batch intermittent operation, and one operation cycle of the reaction tank comprises three operation stages of a water inlet and drainage period, a reaction period and a precipitation filtration period.
5. The batch variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process according to claim 4, wherein during the water inlet and discharge period: the sewage enters the reaction tank from the water distributor in an upflow plug flow mode through the backflow tank, the upflow speed of the sewage in the reaction tank is lower than the sedimentation speed of sludge in the reaction tank when water enters, and the purified sewage obtained in the previous period is pushed out from a constant water level decanter at the upper part of the reaction tank to realize water drainage while the sewage enters from bottom to top.
6. The batch variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process according to claim 5, characterized in that during the reaction period: circulating the sewage in the reaction tank in a reflux system by using a reflux pump, and simultaneously controlling the circulating upward flow speed of the sewage in the reaction tank to enable the sludge in the reaction tank to form a fluidized state, so that the activated sludge in the reaction tank is promoted to fully contact and react with the sewage in the reaction tank, the mass transfer speed and the reaction speed between the activated sludge and the sewage are increased, and the reaction tank enters a precipitation filtration period until the concentration of pollutants in the sewage in the reaction tank meets the treatment requirement; the reflux system consists of a reaction tank, a reflux pump, a reflux pipe, a drop water distributor, a reflux tank and a water distributor.
7. The batch variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process according to claim 6, wherein during the precipitation filtration period: continuously circulating the sewage in the reaction tank in a reflux system by using a reflux pump, simultaneously reducing the rotating speed of the reflux pump, controlling the circulating upstream speed of the sewage in the reaction tank, and settling large-particle activated sludge in the reaction tank by utilizing the characteristic of high settling speed of the large-particle activated sludge to form small suspended matters in the low-speed circulating upstream sewage of the fixed bed filter reaction tank of the large-particle activated sludge; when the concentration of suspended matters in the circulating upstream sewage in the reaction tank meets the treatment requirement, the operation of the reflux pump is stopped, and the reaction tank enters the water inlet and drainage period of the next period.
8. The batch variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the water inlet and drainage period, the upstream flow velocity of the sewage in the reaction tank is less than 3m/h when water is fed; in the precipitation filtration period, the circulating upward flow velocity of the sewage in the reaction tank is as low as below 5 m/h.
9. The batch variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process according to claim 8, characterized in that: and in the reaction period, carrying out drop aeration on the sewage circulating outside the reaction tank.
10. The batch variable speed fluidized bed sewage treatment process according to claim 9, characterized in that: and in the reaction period, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the sewage in the reaction tank is lower than 1.5 mg/L.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114751510A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-15 | 于清 | Biological sewage treatment system by low-oxygen high-concentration activated sludge process and treatment method thereof |
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