CN112093631B - Self-balancing elevator counterweight device and elevator counterweight self-balancing method - Google Patents
Self-balancing elevator counterweight device and elevator counterweight self-balancing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112093631B CN112093631B CN202011064934.3A CN202011064934A CN112093631B CN 112093631 B CN112093631 B CN 112093631B CN 202011064934 A CN202011064934 A CN 202011064934A CN 112093631 B CN112093631 B CN 112093631B
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- counterweight
- elevator
- upper beam
- frame
- beam frame
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B17/00—Hoistway equipment
- B66B17/12—Counterpoises
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
- B66B1/34—Details, e.g. call counting devices, data transmission from car to control system, devices giving information to the control system
- B66B1/3476—Load weighing or car passenger counting devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-balancing elevator counterweight device and an elevator counterweight self-balancing method. The invention discloses a self-balancing elevator counterweight device, which comprises a counterweight body, an upper beam frame arranged at the top of the counterweight body and a hanging mechanism used for being connected with a traction steel wire rope; the hanging mechanism is a hanger of a frame structure and can reciprocate on the upper beam frame. The invention sets the lifting hanger as a movable hanger which can move on the upper beam frame in a reciprocating way, when the lifting hanger deflects from the longitudinal central line to one side on the upper beam frame of the counterweight device, the traction steel wire rope correspondingly generates a horizontal component force of traction stress and a vector resultant force of traction stress due to the deflection of a hanging point, and the vector resultant force is adjusted to be adaptive to the elevator load, namely the balance state of the elevator counterweight and the elevator load is achieved, thereby realizing the automatic balance of the elevator counterweight and the elevator load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an elevator counterweight system, in particular to a self-balancing elevator counterweight device and an elevator counterweight self-balancing method.
Background
The principle of setting the counterweight of the existing elevator is generally set according to the basis of 'the self weight of the elevator plus 50% of the nominal load', so that the driving load of the elevator during lifting is reduced to a great extent and probability, and certain electric energy is saved. However, during the actual operation of the elevator, the probability of the half-load operation state of "50% of the nominal load" is very small, and most of the cases are full load or single-person elevator riding. In order to meet the full-load operation requirement of the elevator, the passenger elevator with the generally calibrated load capacity of 10 people still needs to be configured with 5.5-10 KW of driving power at least, and the driving power is used for dealing with the situation that a single person takes the elevator, so that the invalid use and waste of electric energy obviously exist. Therefore, the arrangement of the fixed counterweight of the conventional elevator causes the condition of ineffective use of electric energy to be ubiquitous, and causes a great loss and serious waste of electric energy in the operation of the elevator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-balancing elevator counterweight device to solve the problems of common invalid use condition of electric energy and serious waste of electric energy of the conventional elevator due to counterweight fixation.
The other purpose of the invention is to provide a self-balancing method of the elevator counterweight, so as to realize the effective use of the electric energy of the elevator operation and the effective energy saving of the elevator operation.
One of the objects of the invention is achieved by: a self-balancing elevator counterweight device comprises a counterweight body, an upper beam frame arranged at the top of the counterweight body and a hanging mechanism connected with a traction steel wire rope; the hanging mechanism is a hanger of a frame structure and can reciprocate on the upper beam frame.
The position of the hanging mechanism on the upper beam frame is deviated from the center to one side, so that the traction steel wire rope generates a horizontal component force and a vector resultant force of traction stress, the vector resultant force of the traction stress is equal to the effective gravity of the elevator counterweight in size, and the balance between the effective gravity of the elevator counterweight and the elevator load can be realized by adjusting the vector resultant force of the traction stress to be adaptive to the elevator load. The driving power of the electrode configuration can be greatly reduced, so that the invalid use of electric energy is eliminated, and the effective energy saving can be realized.
According to the invention, the upper beam frame is provided with the rack, the rack is meshed with the second gear, and the stepping motor arranged in the hanger frame controls the rotation of the second gear through the first gear and the transmission gear, so that the transverse movement and the positioning of the hanger frame on the upper beam frame are realized.
The upper beam frame is a transverse U-shaped structure frame, the rack is fixed to the bottom surface of an upper cantilever of the U-shaped structure frame, and a lower arm of the U-shaped structure frame is fixedly connected with the counterweight body.
A first bearing is arranged at the top of one side of the sealing end of the U-shaped structure frame, and the outer ring of the first bearing is attached to the right counterweight operation guide rail; and a second bearing is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight body, and the outer ring of the second bearing is abutted against the counterweight operation guide rail on the left side.
A first brake electromagnet which performs friction braking with a left counterweight operation guide rail is arranged on the lower arm at one side of the opening end of the U-shaped structural frame; and a second braking electromagnet is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight body and is used for performing friction braking with the right counterweight operation guide rail.
The invention changes the hanging mechanism into a movable hanging mechanism which can move on the upper beam frame in a reciprocating way, but the traction steel wire rope of the elevator counterweight generates a vector resultant force of traction stress, and the magnitude of the vector resultant force of the traction stress is related to the offset distance of the hanging mechanism on the upper beam frame and is equal to the magnitude of the effective gravity of the elevator counterweight. Therefore, the vector resultant force is adjusted to be adaptive to the elevator load, so that the elevator can be in a state that the effective gravity of the elevator counterweight is balanced with the elevator load, the automatic balance state that the elevator counterweight changes along with the change of the elevator load is realized, the ineffective use of the elevator electric energy is eliminated, and the effective energy saving of the elevator operation can be realized. The key to the present invention is this.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps: a self-balancing method for the counterweight of elevator features that on the counterweight unit consisting of counterweight body, upper beam frame and hanging mechanism, said hanging mechanism is a movable hanging mechanism able to move on said upper beam frame in reciprocating mode, and when said hanging mechanism is shifted from center to one side on said upper beam frame, the steel cable is drawn to generate a horizontal component and a vertical component of drawing force.
The invention can realize the automatic balance of the elevator counterweight and the elevator load by automatically adjusting the effective gravity of the elevator counterweight according to the vector composition and direction change principle of the sliding lever. Furthermore, by the self-balancing adjusting mode of the elevator counterweight, the load operation of the elevator can be realized, namely the balance weight of the counterweight device is greater than the load of the elevator car when the elevator ascends, and the balance weight of the counterweight device is less than the load of the elevator car when the elevator descends, so that on one hand, a motor for driving the elevator to operate can be used as a generator, generated electricity can be stored in a storage battery, power is provided for the short-time continuous operation of the elevator during power failure, and passengers in the elevator are prevented from being trapped due to power failure; on the other hand, the energy-saving efficiency of the elevator can be effectively reduced by more than 80%, and the configuration power of the elevator driving motor can be correspondingly reduced. The load operation of elevator, usable digital circuit's accurate measurement prescribes a limit to the highest speed for elevator functioning speed is stabilized within the speed of setting for all the time, with the appearance of effective restriction free fall acceleration, even if when power failure or trouble take place, swift current ladder accident can not appear yet, has eliminated the potential safety hazard of elevator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the left counterweight operation guide rail, 2, a second brake electromagnet, 3, a counterweight body, 4, an upper beam frame, 41, an upper cantilever, 42, a lower arm, 5, a first bearing, 6, a bearing support, 7, a rack, 8, a first gear, 9, a stepping motor output shaft, 10, a second gear, 11, a first brake electromagnet, 12, a right counterweight operation guide rail, 13, a traction steel wire rope, 14, a second bearing, 15 and a hanging frame.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the self-balancing elevator counterweight device of the present invention includes a counterweight body 3, an upper beam 4 disposed on the top of the counterweight body, and a movable suspension mechanism for connecting with a traction wire rope 13. The counterweight body 3 can adopt a construction form that a metal shell is filled with gravel concrete filler, and the total weight of the counterweight body is less than the unloaded weight of the elevator car.
One specific implementation of the upper beam frame 4 is designed as a transverse U-shaped structural frame shown in fig. 1, the rack 7 is fixed on the bottom surface of an upper suspension arm 41 of the U-shaped structural frame, and a lower arm 42 of the U-shaped structural frame is fixedly connected with the counterweight body 3. Of course, the upper beam frame 4 can also adopt a traditional steel beam connecting frame structure as long as a transverse moving space of the hanging mechanism is arranged.
The rack 7 arranged on the upper beam frame 4 is meshed with a second gear 10, the first gear 8 is connected with an output shaft 9 of a stepping motor, the second gear 10 is connected with the first gear 8 through a transmission gear, namely, the stepping motor controls the rotation and the positioning of the second gear 10 through a gear transmission mechanism, and the stepping motor is arranged in the hanging mechanism so as to realize the transverse movement and the positioning of the hanging mechanism on the upper beam frame 4.
The hanging mechanism is a connecting component for connecting the traction steel wire rope 13 and the counterweight device, and can adopt a conventional pulley structure, and the traction steel wire rope is wound on a pulley to drive the counterweight device to lift. The hanging mechanism can also adopt a hanging bracket 15 with a frame structure shown in fig. 1, a stepping motor and a gear transmission mechanism are arranged in the hanging bracket 15, the hanging bracket 15 can transversely move along an upper suspension arm 41 of the upper beam frame 4, a plurality of pulleys can be arranged on the hanging bracket 15, and the wheel surfaces of the pulleys are contacted with the bottom surface of the upper suspension arm 41 to realize sliding contact support. One end of the traction steel wire rope 13 is connected to the hanger 15 to draw the counterweight device to do lifting movement.
In fig. 1, a first bearing 5 is connected to the top of the U-shaped frame on the closed end side via a bearing bracket 6, and the outer race of the first bearing 5 abuts against a right-side counterweight travel rail 12. And a second bearing 14 is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight body 3, and the outer ring of the second bearing 14 abuts against the left counterweight running guide rail 1. The first bearing 5 is provided to overcome the friction force when the counterweight body 3 is tilted after the suspension mechanism is moved. Because, after the stepping motor drives the hanging mechanism to move, an included angle is formed between the traction steel wire rope 13 and the top end of the system, so that the counterweight body 3 is inclined to some extent, corresponding friction force can be generated, and the friction force can be eliminated by arranging the first bearing 5. The second bearing 14 below the counterweight body 3 has two functions: firstly, the friction force generated by the counterweight body 3 on the left counterweight running guide rail 1 is overcome by overcoming the bias of the hanging mechanism; secondly, when the hanging mechanism is biased, the direction of the left horizontal component borne by the traction steel wire rope 13 is converted into a downward direction, and the resultant force of the traction force borne by the traction steel wire rope 13 is unchanged.
In fig. 1, a first brake electromagnet 11 for performing friction braking with the left counterweight travel rail 1 is provided on the lower arm 42 on the open end side of the U-shaped structural frame; and a second braking electromagnet 2 is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight body 3, and the second braking electromagnet 2 is used for performing friction braking with the right counterweight running guide rail 12. The first brake electromagnet 11 and the second brake electromagnet 2 arranged in the counterweight device are used for enabling an elevator controller to send emergency brake instructions to the first brake electromagnet 11 and the second brake electromagnet 2 once the elevator walks or has an elevator fault, enabling the first brake electromagnet 11 and the second brake electromagnet 2 to act to enable the counterweight body 3 to generate the inclination trend that the upper part of the counterweight body inclines leftwards and the lower part of the counterweight body inclines rightwards, and enabling the first brake electromagnet 11 and the second brake electromagnet 2 to generate friction braking on counterweight running guide rails (1 and 12) on two sides (the brake electromagnets can perform friction braking through friction plates), so that the elevator running is protected safely.
When the stepping motor drives the hanging mechanism (including the traction steel wire rope 13) to move leftwards together (equivalent to the left movement of the bearing point), according to the force synthesis and decomposition rule, if the hanging mechanism moves to the position of the left end dotted line shown in fig. 1, the traction force F borne by the traction steel wire rope 13 is known0It will be split into two components: one is a vertical component F directed vertically downwards1The other is a horizontal component F to the left2. And the horizontal component force F is known from the lever principle2Far greater than vertical component force F1Then, the resultant force F of the traction forces to which the traction wire rope 13 is subjected0Is equal to the vertical component force F1With horizontal component force F2Vector sum of (i.e. F)0Is equal to F1And F2The sum of squares). The principle that the position of the hanging mechanism on the upper beam frame deviates from the center to one side can cause the traction steel wire rope to generate a horizontal component force and a vector resultant force of traction stress is adopted. The effective weight of the counterweight device is changed equivalently by controlling the offset of the hanging mechanism from the center to one side on the upper beam frame, so that the adjustment mode of matching the counterweight with the elevator load is realized.
The elevator counterweight self-balancing control method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. when the car door of the elevator car is closed and the elevator is determined to move upwards, the elevator controller sends a command of increasing the effective weight of the counterweight, the stepping motor is controlled to start to drive the first gear 8 to rotate, the stepping motor moves towards the left side of the upper beam frame 4 through the matching of the second gear 10 and the rack 7 arranged on the upper beam frame 4, the hanging mechanism (namely the counterweight hanging point of the traction steel wire rope 12) deviates leftwards along with the movement, and the vector resultant force (equivalent to the effective weight of the counterweight device) of the traction stress of the traction steel wire rope 13 is gradually increased;
2. the elevator controller calculates the lateral movement distance of the counterweight hanging point of the traction steel wire rope according to the detected total weight of the elevator car and passengers and/or goods, and sends a command of the lateral movement distance of the counterweight hanging point to the stepping motor, and the stepping motor drives the hanging mechanism to move to a required distance on the upper beam frame 4 according to the command, so that the vector resultant force (equivalent to the effective weight of the counterweight device) of the traction stress of the traction steel wire rope 13 is greater than the total weight of the elevator car and the passengers and/or goods;
3. the elevator starts to move upwards in the state, stops at a flat layer after moving upwards to a set floor, and opens a compartment door;
4. when the compartment door of the elevator car is closed and the elevator is determined to run downwards, the elevator controller sends a command of reducing the effective weight of the counterweight, the stepping motor is controlled to start to drive the first gear 8 to rotate, the stepping motor drives the hanging mechanism to move towards the central position of the upper beam frame 4 through the matching of the second gear 10 and the rack 7 arranged on the upper beam frame 4, the counterweight hanging point of the traction steel wire rope 13 moves towards the central position, and the vector resultant force (equivalent to the effective weight of the counterweight device) of the traction stress of the traction steel wire rope 13 is gradually reduced;
5. the elevator controller calculates the lateral movement distance of the counterweight hanging point of the traction steel wire rope according to the detected total weight of the elevator car and passengers and/or goods, and sends a command of the lateral movement distance of the counterweight hanging point to the stepping motor, and the stepping motor drives the hanging mechanism to move to a required offset distance on the upper beam frame 4 according to the command, so that the vector resultant force (equivalent to the effective weight of the counterweight device) of the traction stress of the traction steel wire rope 13 is smaller than the total weight of the elevator car and the passengers and/or goods;
6. the elevator starts to run downwards in the state, stops at a flat layer after going downwards to a set floor, and opens the car door.
When the elevator car goes upwards, the stepping motor rotates anticlockwise, and the effective weight of the counterweight body 3 is increased and slightly larger than the elevator load; when the elevator car moves downwards, the stepping motor rotates clockwise, the effective weight of the counterweight body 3 is reduced and is slightly smaller than the load of the elevator, and therefore, the elevator lifting driving motor can be in a load running state no matter the elevator moves upwards or downwards. The elevator lifting driving motor is a main power consumption mechanism for elevator operation, and the driving motor can operate in a load state and generate a small amount of power in the lifting process of the elevator, so that the aim of greatly saving energy is fulfilled.
Claims (4)
1. A self-balancing elevator counterweight device is characterized by comprising a counterweight body, an upper beam frame arranged at the top of the counterweight body and a hanging mechanism connected with a traction steel wire rope; the hanging mechanism is a hanging bracket with a frame structure and can reciprocate on the upper beam frame;
a rack is arranged on the upper beam frame and meshed with a second gear, and a stepping motor arranged in the hanger frame controls the rotation of the second gear through a first gear and a transmission gear so as to realize the transverse movement and the positioning of the hanger frame on the upper beam frame;
the upper beam frame is a transverse U-shaped structural frame, the rack is fixed on the bottom surface of an upper cantilever of the U-shaped structural frame, and a lower arm of the U-shaped structural frame is fixedly connected with the counterweight body;
a first bearing is arranged at the top of one side of the sealing end of the U-shaped structure frame, and the outer ring of the first bearing is attached to the right counterweight operation guide rail; and a second bearing is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight body, and the outer ring of the second bearing is abutted against the counterweight operation guide rail on the left side.
2. The self-balancing elevator counterweight device of claim 1, wherein a first braking electromagnet for performing friction braking with a left counterweight running guide rail is provided on the lower arm on the side of the open end of the U-shaped structural frame; and a second braking electromagnet is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight body and is used for performing friction braking with the right counterweight operation guide rail.
3. A self-balancing control method for an elevator counterweight is characterized in that a set of self-balancing elevator counterweight device is arranged, and the self-balancing elevator counterweight device comprises a counterweight body, an upper beam frame arranged at the top of the counterweight body and a hanging mechanism connected with a traction steel wire rope; the hanging mechanism is a hanging bracket with a frame structure and can reciprocate on the upper beam frame; a rack is arranged on the upper beam frame and meshed with a second gear, and a stepping motor arranged in the hanger frame controls the rotation of the second gear through a first gear and a transmission gear so as to realize the transverse movement and the positioning of the hanger frame on the upper beam frame; the upper beam frame is a transverse U-shaped structural frame, the rack is fixed on the bottom surface of an upper cantilever of the U-shaped structural frame, and a lower arm of the U-shaped structural frame is fixedly connected with the counterweight body; a first bearing is arranged at the top of one side of the sealing end of the U-shaped structure frame, and the outer ring of the first bearing is attached to the right counterweight operation guide rail; a second bearing is arranged at the bottom of the counterweight body, and the outer ring of the second bearing is abutted against the left counterweight running guide rail; when the hanging mechanism is shifted from the center to one side on the upper beam frame, the traction steel wire rope generates a horizontal component force and a vertical component force of traction stress, the vector sum of the horizontal component force and the vertical component force is a vector resultant force, and the vector resultant force of the traction stress is adjusted to be adaptive to the elevator load, namely the balance between the effective gravity of the elevator counterweight and the elevator load is achieved.
4. The elevator counterweight self-balancing control method of claim 3, comprising the steps of:
a. arranging the self-balancing elevator counterweight device of any one of claims 1-2;
b. when a compartment door of an elevator car is closed and the elevator is determined to move upwards, an elevator controller sends a command of increasing the effective weight of the counterweight, a stepping motor is controlled to start to drive a gear to rotate, the gear is matched with a rack arranged on an upper beam frame, the stepping motor moves towards one side of the upper beam frame, a counterweight hanging point of a traction steel wire rope deviates along with the gear, and the vector resultant force of traction stress of the traction steel wire rope is gradually increased;
c. the elevator controller calculates the lateral movement distance of a counterweight hanging point of the traction steel wire rope according to the detected total weight of the elevator car plus passengers and/or goods, and sends a counterweight hanging point lateral movement distance instruction to the stepping motor, and the stepping motor drives the hanging mechanism to move to a required distance on the upper beam frame according to the lateral movement distance instruction, so that the vector resultant force of traction stress of the traction steel wire rope is greater than the total weight of the elevator car plus passengers and/or goods;
d. the elevator starts to move upwards in the state, stops at a flat layer after moving upwards to a set floor, and opens a compartment door;
e. when a compartment door of an elevator car is closed and the elevator is determined to run downwards, an elevator controller sends a command of reducing the effective weight of the counterweight, a stepping motor is controlled to start to drive a gear to rotate, the gear is matched with a rack arranged on an upper beam frame, the stepping motor moves towards the central position of the upper beam frame, a counterweight hanging point of a traction steel wire rope moves towards the central position, and the vector resultant force of traction stress of the traction steel wire rope is gradually reduced;
f. the elevator controller calculates the lateral movement distance of a counterweight hanging point of the traction steel wire rope according to the detected total weight of the elevator car plus passengers and/or goods, and sends a counterweight hanging point lateral movement distance instruction to the stepping motor, and the stepping motor drives the hanging mechanism to move to a required offset distance on the upper beam frame according to the lateral movement distance instruction, so that the vector resultant force of traction stress of the traction steel wire rope is smaller than the total weight of the elevator car plus passengers and/or goods;
g. the elevator starts to run downwards in the state, stops at a flat layer after going downwards to a set floor, and opens the car door.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011064934.3A CN112093631B (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Self-balancing elevator counterweight device and elevator counterweight self-balancing method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011064934.3A CN112093631B (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Self-balancing elevator counterweight device and elevator counterweight self-balancing method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112093631A CN112093631A (en) | 2020-12-18 |
| CN112093631B true CN112093631B (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101962145A (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-02-02 | 日立电梯（中国）有限公司 | Weight balancing device of elevator compensating bar structure |
| CN101979302A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-02-23 | 曹锦泉 | Variable counterweight elevator and variable counterweight hydraulic elevator |
| CN104310183A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-01-28 | 康力电梯股份有限公司 | Home elevator counterweight system |
| CN105270977A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-01-27 | 日立楼宇设备制造（天津）有限公司 | Real-time balance weight adjusting device for elevator and controlling method of real-time balance weight adjusting device |
| CN205527248U (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-08-31 | 东莞市华图仕电梯科技有限公司 | Be applied to adjusting device of elevator to heavy system |
-
2020
- 2020-09-30 CN CN202011064934.3A patent/CN112093631B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101962145A (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2011-02-02 | 日立电梯（中国）有限公司 | Weight balancing device of elevator compensating bar structure |
| CN101979302A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-02-23 | 曹锦泉 | Variable counterweight elevator and variable counterweight hydraulic elevator |
| CN104310183A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-01-28 | 康力电梯股份有限公司 | Home elevator counterweight system |
| CN105270977A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-01-27 | 日立楼宇设备制造（天津）有限公司 | Real-time balance weight adjusting device for elevator and controlling method of real-time balance weight adjusting device |
| CN205527248U (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-08-31 | 东莞市华图仕电梯科技有限公司 | Be applied to adjusting device of elevator to heavy system |
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