CN112092979B - Combined type fish-thunder anchor based on bionics and installation method thereof - Google Patents
Combined type fish-thunder anchor based on bionics and installation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112092979B CN112092979B CN202010960155.5A CN202010960155A CN112092979B CN 112092979 B CN112092979 B CN 112092979B CN 202010960155 A CN202010960155 A CN 202010960155A CN 112092979 B CN112092979 B CN 112092979B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/24—Anchors
- B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/24—Anchors
- B63B21/30—Anchors rigid when in use
- B63B21/34—Anchors rigid when in use with two or more flukes
- B63B21/36—Anchors rigid when in use with two or more flukes foldable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/24—Anchors
- B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
- B63B2021/265—Anchors securing to bed by gravity embedment, e.g. by dropping a pile-type anchor from a certain height
Abstract
The invention relates to a bionic-based composite fish-thunder anchor and an installation method thereof, wherein the composite fish-thunder anchor comprises an anchor tip, an anchor rod, an empennage, a transverse anchor disc, a safety spring, a limiting lantern ring, a main steel strand, a working anchor chain and a branch steel strand; the invention designs the shape of the anchor tip by using bionics, thereby reducing the resistance in the installation penetration process; the bearing capacity of the anchor wing is improved by utilizing the characteristics of compression contraction and tension expansion of the negative Poisson ratio material; the soil body between the anchor plate layers and the anchor body are integrated by opening the transverse anchor plate, so that the uplift bearing capacity of the anchor body is improved. The multi-layer transverse anchor disk opening device is easy to manufacture, has no additional power source in the tensioning process, is simple and easy to operate, and improves the installation penetration depth, the uplift resistance bearing capacity and the stability of the torpedo anchor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep sea anchoring, and particularly relates to a bionic-based composite torpedo anchor and an installation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the energy reserve near the coast has not been able to meet the ever-increasing energy demand of people. Consequently, offshore energy mining has been gradually advancing towards deep sea. According to incomplete statistics, 70% of oil and gas in the world are stored in deep sea with water depth over 500 m. The south China sea can be called as the small Persian bay in China, the oil reserves are abundant, and 75% of the area is in the deep sea. Therefore, the deep sea can be used as a main source of future oil and gas energy. However, the deep sea energy exploitation has the problems of difficult construction, high risk, high cost and the like, and the research and development of a novel safe, efficient and economic deep sea anchoring system suitable for the deep sea energy exploitation are urgently needed.
Bionics is a subject of applying the structural or functional principles of organisms to science and technology. In 1960, Steele first proposed the concept of "bionics" at the first major bionics society, and since then marked the birth of bionics. The earliest bionics behaviors of human beings can be traced back to the ancient times to simulate nesting and house building of birds. The 'bird nest' gymnasium of the landmark building in China imitates the ingenuity of bird nesting in modeling and structure. The new train head improved by Jinying in Japanese engineers is designed according to the optimal streamline form of the beak shape of the Cuiguan bird in water or air; it was observed that the bird hardly splashed water when it crouched down to the water surface because the beak of the bird was in a long streamline form and gradually increased in diameter so that the water flow flowed backward along the beak.
The negative poisson's ratio material is a typical mechanical metamaterial. The possibility of negative poisson's ratio material was proposed by the classical elastic theory as early as 100 years ago, and scientists at the beginning of the 20 th century proved that metal and biological tissues with negative poisson's ratio characteristics exist in nature; therefore, the negative Poisson's ratio material is also a bionic material. The development of artificial negative poisson's ratio material up to 80 s opened the door to research and application of negative poisson's ratio material. At present, negative poisson's ratio materials have been applied in the fields of geotechnical engineering, marine technology and ocean engineering and solve some technical problems.
Traditional torpedo anchor mainly includes stock, anchor point and anchor slab triplex, receives the favor of ocean industry because of its installation is simple, be convenient for operation, advantage with low costs. Before the invention, Chinese invention patents ' a fish and thunder anchor with a ring (patent number: ZL201610533751.9) and ' an assembled fish and thunder anchor with a ring ' (patent number: ZL201610531458.9) propose that 4 tail wings are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of an anchor body, and a puncture mechanism is arranged in the anchor body, so that the puncture in the anchor body is driven to puncture a soil body by puncture under the action of the tensile force of an anchor chain, the soil pressure on the upper part of the puncture body is increased, and the uplift bearing capacity of the anchor body is improved. The invention discloses a torpedo anchor formed by connecting sectional pieces (patent number: ZL201810699908.4), and provides a torpedo anchor which improves the friction force between an anchor body and seabed soil and the uplift bearing capacity of the torpedo anchor by changing the sectional shape of an empennage. The invention discloses a novel torpedo anchor with an expandable anchor head and an installation method thereof (patent number ZL201710937047.4), and provides a method for improving the stress area of an anchor body and further improving the uplift bearing capacity of the anchor body by expanding a conical plate of the torpedo anchor head. The Chinese invention patent 'a torpedo anchor with an extensible tail wing' (patent number: ZL201810699755.3) and 'a torpedo anchor with a locally-deployable tail wing' (patent number: ZL201810706192.6) proposes a method for improving the contact area of an anchor body and a soil body by extending the tail wing or a plurality of tail wings, thereby improving the uplift bearing capacity of the anchor body. The existing method is developed mainly from the aspect of improving the contact area of the anchor body and the seabed soil, and the technical innovation aiming at the aspects of anchor body materials, anchor body materials and the interface friction coefficient of the seabed soil is still relatively insufficient; therefore, it is very important to develop a technical scheme of a composite torpedo anchor and a mounting method thereof based on the principle of bionics.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further improve the initial installation speed, the uplift bearing capacity and the stability of the traditional fish-thunder anchor, the invention provides a composite fish-thunder anchor based on bionics and an installation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a composite fish-thunder anchor based on bionics comprises a working anchor chain, a main steel strand, an anchor rod, an empennage, an anchor tip and a transverse anchor disc; the transverse anchor plate comprises a sector arc plate, a rotating shaft, a torsion spring, a steel strand and an anchor point. The transverse anchor plates are 1-3 layers, each layer of transverse anchor plate is connected with the anchor rod through 6-8 fan-shaped arc plates through a rotating shaft, a torsion spring and a steel strand, the thickness of the middle of each fan-shaped arc plate is 0.1-0.2 m, the thickness of the edges of two sides is 0.05-0.10 m, and the edges of two sides of adjacent fan-shaped arc plates are overlapped when the transverse anchor plates are closed.
The rotating shaft is provided with a compression torsion spring, and the maximum rotation limiting angle of the rotating shaft is 75-90 degrees. The main steel strand wires are embedded in the grooves in the outer wall of the anchor rod, the upper ends of the main steel strand wires are wound around the guide pulleys to be connected with the working anchor chains, the main steel strand wires are downwards connected with the limiting lantern rings of all layers in sequence, and the branch wires of the main steel strand wires are wound around the rotating shaft to be connected with the anchor points on the outer sides of the. Safety springs are arranged above the limiting lantern rings of all layers, and the transverse anchor disk is prevented from opening in a non-working state. Every layer of horizontal anchor disc can install alone and dismantle the transportation, thereby guarantees modular production and partial shipment transportation reduce cost.
The anchor point is a bird-scaring streamline anchor point designed based on the bionics principle, and the diameter of the anchor point gradually increases from the tip of the anchor point to the anchor rod. Table 1 shows the fitted curve equations of the upper, lower, left and right edges and the average edge of the bird.
TABLE 1 Cuimeis pecking fitting curve
The shape of the anchor tip is as follows (unit: dm):
in the formula, x is the radius size of the anchor tip, and y is the length size of the anchor tip.
The length of the anchor rod is 12.5-15.0 m, the diameter of the anchor rod is 0.75-1.20 m, the width of the tail wing is 0.5-1.5 m, the length of the tail wing is 1/3-2/3, the thickness of the tail wing is 0.07-0.08 m, the length of the anchor tip is determined according to a formula, and 1-5 honeycomb metal negative poisson ratio materials are additionally arranged, wherein the thickness of the honeycomb metal negative poisson ratio materials is 0.02-0.03 m. The anchor rod is internally provided with a counterweight by taking concrete or broken stones as fillers.
The empennage is composed of 2-4 trapezoidal, rectangular or triangular steel plates, the included angle between the steel plates is 90-180 degrees, the wing width is 0.5-1.5 m, the wing length is 1/3-2/3 of anchor length, the wing thickness is 0.07-0.08 m, an integral negative poisson ratio material can be additionally arranged outside the empennage, or 2-5 negative poisson ratio materials are additionally arranged in a partition mode, and the interval between the two negative poisson ratio materials is 0-0.5 m.
The anchor rod is additionally provided with a negative Poisson ratio material, the characteristic that the stressed area is increased by tensile expansion of the negative Poisson ratio material is utilized, the uplift bearing capacity is improved, and the negative Poisson ratio material is compressed and contracted in the installation and penetration process to reduce the penetration resistance of the anchor body; based on the bionics principle, a streamline anchor point similar to the pecking of an kingfisher is designed, the diameter of the streamline anchor point is gradually increased from the tip of the anchor point to the anchor rod, and the end resistance of the fishing and thunder anchor in the installation and penetration process is reduced; the working anchor chain is pulled to open the lantern ring of the transverse anchor disk, the transverse anchor disk is opened under the combined action of the elasticity of a torsion spring between the anchor rod and the transverse anchor disk, the tension of a steel strand connected to the outer side of the transverse anchor disk and the tension of the surrounding soil body continuously flowing into the transverse anchor disk, the soil body is locked between the transverse anchor disk layers by the opened transverse anchor disk, the soil body and the anchor body are integrated, the anchor diameter at the lower part of the anchor body is increased, the stability and the stress area of the anchor body are improved, and therefore the purpose of improving the pulling resistance bearing capacity and the stability of the anchor body is achieved.
The negative Poisson ratio material is a concave polygonal structure, a rotary polygonal structure, a chiral structure, a perforated plate structure, an interlocking polygonal structure, a metal material with a node-fiber structure or a fold structure, an FCC crystal, a multiple Poisson ratio material, polyurethane foam or a polytetrafluoroethylene composite negative Poisson ratio material, and the negative Poisson ratio material can be one or a combination of a plurality of materials, and has the thickness of 0.02 m-0.03 m.
A bionic-based installation method of a composite fish-stone anchor comprises the following steps:
the characteristic of seabed soil body is combined, the anchor tip form is optimally designed based on the bionic principle of pecking of the kingfisher, and 1-3 transverse anchor discs are assembled on the anchor body according to the design requirement.
1-5 pieces of negative poisson ratio materials are additionally arranged on the tail wing or the anchor rod, the interval between the two pieces of negative poisson ratio materials is 0-0.5 m, and the thickness of the negative poisson ratio material is 0.02-0.03 m.
After the torpedo anchor is lifted to the designed height, the mounting anchor chain is released, the torpedo anchor freely falls to the designed depth of the seabed by means of the dead weight of the torpedo anchor, and the transverse anchor plate is in a contraction state in the process of penetration.
After the torpedo anchor is installed to the designed depth, the main steel strand which bypasses the guide pulley 13 is driven to move by the tension of the working anchor chain, the safety spring is compressed, and the limiting lantern ring of the transverse anchor disc is opened.
After the limiting lantern ring is removed, each layer of transverse anchor disk is opened under the action of a torsion spring and a steel strand between the transverse anchor disk and the anchor rod respectively, meanwhile, the surrounding soil body is continuously inserted between the transverse anchor disk and the anchor rod, along with the continuous stress tightening of the working anchor chain, the transverse anchor disk is completely opened under the combined action of tension, elasticity and tension, and the maximum rotation limiting angle of the rotating shaft is 75-90 degrees.
The transverse anchor disks at the corresponding positions of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected by 1 main steel strand, so that the linkage opening of the transverse anchor disks at 1 layer or multiple layers is realized.
When the working anchor chain is tensioned, the negative Poisson ratio material on the tail wing of the fish-thunder anchor or the side surface of the anchor rod is tensioned to expand and increase the stressed area; the concave structure increases the interface friction force, and further improves the pulling resistance bearing capacity.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention designs the shape of the anchor tip of the torpedo anchor by applying the Cuilus avicularis pecking bionics principle, thereby reducing the end resistance in the injection process and obtaining larger initial injection speed; the anti-pulling bearing capacity of the empennage or the anchor rod is enhanced by utilizing the characteristics of the negative Poisson ratio material; the anchor body has higher anti-pulling bearing capacity and stability by opening the multi-layer transverse anchor disc.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of the transverse anchor disk of the present invention prior to deployment;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the transverse anchor disk of the present invention during deployment;
FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the transverse anchor disk of the present invention after deployment;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the transverse anchor pad of the present invention after deployment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the transverse anchor disk of the present invention before it is expanded;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the transverse anchor disk of the present invention after it is deployed;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the anchor end of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a top view of the transverse anchor disk of the present invention after deployment.
In the figure: 1-a working anchor chain; 2-main steel strand; 3-anchor rod; 4-tail fin; 5-anchor tip; 6-transverse anchor plate; 7-a restraining collar; 8-a safety spring; 9-anchor point; 10-dividing the steel strand; 11-torsion spring; 12-a rotating shaft; 13-guide pulley.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions:
example 1:
a composite type fish-thunder anchor based on bionics is composed of a working anchor chain 1, a main steel strand 2, an anchor rod 3, an empennage 4, an anchor tip 5, a transverse anchor disc 6, a limiting lantern ring 7, a safety spring 8, an anchor point 9 and a branch steel strand 10. And each layer of the transverse anchor plate 6 is formed by connecting 6-8 fan-shaped arc plates with the anchor rod 3 through a rotating shaft 12, a torsion spring 11 and a steel strand 10. Wherein the rotating shaft 12 is sleeved with the compression torsion spring 11, and the maximum rotation limiting angle is 90 degrees. Main steel strand wires 2 are embedded in the grooves in the outer wall of the anchor rod, the upper ends of the main steel strand wires are connected with a working anchor chain 1 by bypassing guide pulleys 13, the main steel strand wires are downwards connected with limiting lantern rings 7 of all layers in sequence, and branch wires of the main steel strand wires are connected with anchor points 9 on the outer side of an anchor disc 6 by bypassing rotating shafts. And a safety spring 8 is arranged above each layer of limiting lantern ring 7 to ensure that the transverse anchor disk cannot be opened in a non-working state. As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the tail fin 4 is connected with a layer of honeycomb metal negative poisson's ratio material. The anchor rod 3 is internally provided with a balance weight by taking concrete or broken stones as fillers.
Example 2:
the invention relates to a bionic-based composite fish-and-thunder anchor installation method, which comprises the following steps of firstly, optimally designing the form of an anchor tip 5 based on the emerald bird pecking bionic principle, wherein the shape of the anchor tip is as shown in a formula (1) (unit: dm):
in the formula, x is the radius size of the anchor tip, and y is the length size of the anchor tip.
Secondly, combine the seabed soil body nature, assemble 1 horizontal anchor dish 6 at the anchor body according to the design requirement. The length of the anchor rod 3 is 12.5m, the diameter of the anchor rod 3 is 0.75m, the width of the tail wing 4 is 0.5m, the length of the tail wing 4 is 1/3 anchor length, the thickness of the tail wing 4 is 0.07m, the length of the anchor tip 5 is determined according to a formula (1), and the integral additional thickness of the embodiment is 0.02m by adding 1-5 pieces of honeycomb metal negative poisson ratio materials.
And then, the torpedo anchor is lowered to 50m above the seabed, the installation anchor chain is released, the torpedo anchor freely falls and penetrates to the designed depth of the seabed by means of the self gravity of the torpedo anchor, and in the process of penetrating, the two layers of transverse anchor disk anchor disks 6 are in a contraction state.
Then, after the torpedo anchor is installed on the soil body, the main steel strand 2 which bypasses the guide pulley 13 is driven to move by utilizing the tension of the working anchor chain 1, the safety spring 8 is compressed, and the limiting lantern ring 7 of the transverse anchor disk 6 is opened.
Then, after the limiting lantern ring 7 is removed, each layer of transverse anchor disk 6 is opened under the action of the torsion spring 11 and the steel strand 10 between the transverse anchor disk 6 and the anchor rod 3, meanwhile, the surrounding soil body is continuously inserted between the transverse anchor disk 6 and the anchor rod 3, along with the continuous stress tightening of the working anchor chain 1, the transverse anchor disk 6 is completely opened under the combined action of the tension, the elasticity and the tension, and the maximum rotation limiting angle of the rotating shaft 12 is 75 degrees.
And finally, the anchor disks 6 at the corresponding positions of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected by 1 main steel strand 2, so that the linkage of the two layers of transverse anchor disks 6 is realized, and the transverse anchor disks are opened simultaneously. When the working anchor chain 1 is tensioned, the negative poisson ratio material at the tail wing 4 of the torpedo anchor expands under tension to increase the stressed area; the concave structure increases the interface friction force, thereby improving the pulling resistance bearing capacity.
Example 3:
the invention relates to a bionic-based composite fish-and-thunder anchor installation method, which comprises the following steps of firstly, optimally designing the form of an anchor tip 5 based on the emerald bird pecking bionic principle, wherein the shape of the anchor tip is as shown in a formula (1) (unit: dm):
in the formula, x is the radius size of the anchor tip, and y is the length size of the anchor tip.
Secondly, combine the seabed soil body nature, assemble 3 horizontal anchor plates 6 at the anchor body according to the design requirement. The length of the anchor rod 3 is 15.0m, the diameter of the anchor rod 3 is 1.20m, the width of the tail wing 4 is 1.5m, the length of the tail wing 4 is 2/3, the thickness of the tail wing 4 is 0.08m, the length of the anchor tip 5 is determined according to a formula (1), and 1-5 honeycomb metal negative poisson's ratio materials are additionally arranged for 0.03 m.
And then, lowering the torpedo anchor to 150m above the seabed, releasing the installation anchor chain, and freely falling and penetrating to the designed depth of the seabed by means of the self gravity of the torpedo anchor, wherein the two layers of transverse anchor disk anchor disks 6 are in a contraction state in the penetrating process.
Then, after the torpedo anchor is installed on the soil body, the main steel strand 2 which bypasses the guide pulley 13 is driven to move by utilizing the tension of the working anchor chain 1, the safety spring 8 is compressed, and the limiting lantern ring 7 of the transverse anchor disk 6 is opened.
Then, after the limiting lantern ring 7 is removed, each layer of transverse anchor disk 6 is opened under the action of the torsion spring 11 and the steel strand 10 between the transverse anchor disk 6 and the anchor rod 3, meanwhile, the surrounding soil body is continuously inserted between the transverse anchor disk 6 and the anchor rod 3, along with the continuous stress tightening of the working anchor chain 1, the transverse anchor disk 6 is completely opened under the combined action of the tension, the elasticity and the tension, and the maximum rotation limiting angle of the rotating shaft 12 is 75 degrees.
And finally, the anchor disks 6 at the corresponding positions of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected by 1 main steel strand 2, so that the linkage of the two layers of transverse anchor disks 6 is realized, and the transverse anchor disks are opened simultaneously. When the working anchor chain 1 is tensioned, the negative poisson ratio material at the tail wing 4 of the torpedo anchor expands under tension to increase the stressed area; the concave structure increases the interface friction force, thereby improving the pulling resistance bearing capacity.
Example 4:
the invention relates to a bionic-based composite fish-and-thunder anchor installation method, which comprises the following steps of firstly, optimally designing the form of an anchor tip 5 based on the emerald bird pecking bionic principle, wherein the shape of the anchor tip is as shown in a formula (1) (unit: dm):
in the formula, x is the radius size of the anchor tip, and y is the length size of the anchor tip.
Secondly, 2 transverse anchor plates 6 are assembled on the anchor body according to the design requirements by combining the properties of the seabed soil body. The length of the anchor rod 3 is 12.5m, the diameter of the anchor rod 3 is 1m, the width of the tail wing 4 is 1m, the length of the tail wing 4 is 1/2, the thickness of the tail wing 4 is 0.08m, the length of the anchor tip 5 is 3.5m, and 1-5 honeycomb metal negative poisson's ratio materials are additionally arranged and have the thickness of 0.02 m.
And then, lowering the torpedo anchor to 150m above the seabed, releasing the installation anchor chain, and freely falling and penetrating to the designed depth of the seabed by means of the self gravity of the torpedo anchor, wherein the two layers of transverse anchor disk anchor disks 6 are in a contraction state in the penetrating process.
Then, after the torpedo anchor is installed on the soil body, the main steel strand 2 which bypasses the guide pulley 13 is driven to move by utilizing the tension of the working anchor chain 1, the safety spring 8 is compressed, and the limiting lantern ring 7 of the transverse anchor disk 6 is opened.
Then, after the limiting lantern ring 7 is removed, each layer of transverse anchor disk 6 is opened under the action of a torsion spring 11 and a steel strand 10 between the transverse anchor disk 6 and the anchor rod 3, meanwhile, the surrounding soil body is continuously inserted between the transverse anchor disk 6 and the anchor rod 3, the transverse anchor disk 6 is completely opened under the combined action of tension, elasticity and tension along with the continuous stress tightening of the working anchor chain 1, and the maximum rotation limiting angle of the rotating shaft 12 is 90 degrees.
And finally, the anchor disks 6 at the corresponding positions of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected by 1 main steel strand 2, so that the linkage of the two layers of transverse anchor disks 6 is realized, and the transverse anchor disks are opened simultaneously. When the working anchor chain 1 is tensioned, the negative poisson ratio material at the tail wing 4 of the torpedo anchor expands under tension to increase the stressed area; the concave structure increases the interface friction force, thereby improving the pulling resistance bearing capacity.
Claims (6)
1. A composite fish-thunder anchor based on bionics comprises a working anchor chain (1), a main steel strand (2), an anchor rod (3), a tail wing (4), an anchor tip (5) and a transverse anchor disc (6); the anchor plate is characterized in that the transverse anchor plate (6) comprises a sector arc plate, a rotating shaft (12), a torsion spring (11), a steel strand separating (10) and an anchor point (9); the number of the transverse anchor plates (6) is 1-3, each layer of the transverse anchor plates (6) is formed by connecting 6-8 fan-shaped arc plates with an anchor rod (3) through a rotating shaft (12), a torsion spring (11) and a steel strand separating (10), the thickness of the middle of each fan-shaped arc plate is 0.1-0.2 m, the thickness of the edges of two sides is 0.05-0.10 m, and the edges of two sides of adjacent fan-shaped arc plates are overlapped when the transverse anchor plates (6) are closed;
the rotating shaft (12) is provided with a torsion spring (11), and the maximum rotation limiting angle of the rotating shaft (12) is 75-90 degrees; the main steel strand (2) is embedded in a groove in the outer wall of the anchor rod (3), the upper end of the main steel strand is connected with the working anchor chain (1) by bypassing the guide pulley (13), each layer of limiting lantern ring (7) is connected downwards in sequence, and the branch steel strand (10) bypasses the rotating shaft (12) and is connected with the outer anchor point (9) of the transverse anchor disc (6); a safety spring (8) is arranged above each layer of limiting lantern ring (7) to ensure that the transverse anchor disk cannot be opened in a non-working state; each layer of transverse anchor disk (6) can be independently installed, disassembled and transported, so that modular production and split charging transportation are guaranteed, and cost is reduced;
the shape of the anchor tip (5) is as shown in formula (1):
wherein x is the radius size of the anchor tip, y is the length size of the anchor tip, and the unit of x and y is dm;
the anchor rod (3) is additionally provided with a negative Poisson ratio material, the characteristic that the stressed area is increased by tensile expansion of the negative Poisson ratio material is utilized, the uplift bearing capacity is improved, and the negative Poisson ratio material is compressed and contracted in the installation and penetration process to reduce the penetration resistance of the anchor body;
the empennage (4) is composed of 2-4 trapezoidal, rectangular or triangular steel plates, the included angle between the steel plates is 90-180 degrees, the wing length is 1/3-2/3 of anchor length, the outer portion of the empennage (4) is additionally provided with an integral negative poisson's ratio material, or 2-5 negative poisson's ratio materials are additionally arranged in a partition mode, and the interval between the two negative poisson's ratio materials is 0-0.5 m.
2. The compound fish-thunder anchor based on bionics of claim 1, wherein the length of the anchor rod (3) is 12.5 m-15.0 m, the diameter of the anchor rod (3) is 0.75 m-1.20 m; the width of the tail wing (4) is 0.5-1.5 m, and the thickness of the wing is 0.07-0.08 m.
3. The bionic-based composite fish-thunder anchor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the negative poisson's ratio material is one or a combination of several of a concave polygonal structure, a rotating polygonal structure, a chiral structure, a perforated plate structure or a corrugated structure of a metal material, an FCC crystal, a multiple poisson's ratio material, polyurethane foam and a polytetrafluoroethylene composite negative poisson's ratio material, and the thickness of the negative poisson's ratio material is 0.02 m-0.03 m.
4. A biomimetic based composite fish-thunder anchor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anchor rod (3) is internally provided with a weight added by using concrete or gravel as a filler.
5. A biomimetic based composite fish and thunder anchor according to claim 3, wherein the anchor rod (3) is internally provided with a weight added by concrete or gravel as a filler.
6. The method of installing a biomimetic based composite fish-stone anchor as recited in claim 1, 2 or 5, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: optimally designing an anchor tip form based on the bionic principle of pecking the green birds by combining the properties of seabed soil, and assembling 1-3 transverse anchor discs (6) on an anchor body according to the design requirement;
the second step is that: 1-5 pieces of negative poisson ratio materials are additionally arranged on the tail wing (4) or the anchor rod (3), the interval between the two pieces of negative poisson ratio materials is 0-0.5 m, and the thickness of the negative poisson ratio material is 0.02-0.03 m;
the third step: after the torpedo anchor is lifted to the designed height, the working anchor chain is released, the torpedo anchor freely falls and is injected to the designed depth of the seabed by means of the dead weight of the torpedo anchor, and in the process of injection, the transverse anchor plate (6) is in a contraction state;
the fourth step: after the torpedo anchor is installed to the designed depth, the main steel strand (2) bypassing the guide pulley (13) is driven to move upwards by the tension of the working anchor chain (1), the safety spring (8) is compressed, and the limiting lantern ring (7) of the transverse anchor disc (6) is opened;
the fifth step: after the limiting lantern ring (7) is removed, each layer of transverse anchor plate (6) is opened under the action of a torsion spring (11) and a steel strand (10) between the transverse anchor plate (6) and the anchor rod (3), meanwhile, the surrounding soil body is continuously inserted between the transverse anchor plate (6) and the anchor rod (3), the transverse anchor plate (6) is completely opened under the combined action of tension, elasticity and tension along with the continuous stress tightening of the working anchor chain (1), and the maximum rotation limiting angle of the rotating shaft (12) is 75-90 degrees;
and a sixth step: the transverse anchor plates (6) at the corresponding positions of the upper layer and the lower layer are connected by 1 main steel strand (2), so that the linkage opening of the two-layer or multi-layer transverse anchor plates (6) is realized;
the seventh step: when the working anchor chain (1) is tensioned, the negative poisson ratio material on the side surface of the fish-thunderbolt tail wing (4) or the anchor rod (3) expands under tension to increase the stressed area; the concave structure increases the interface friction force, and further improves the pulling resistance bearing capacity.
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| CN202010960155.5A CN112092979B (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2020-09-14 | Combined type fish-thunder anchor based on bionics and installation method thereof |
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| CN112092979B true CN112092979B (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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| US20220315169A1 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2022-10-06 | Sustainable Marine Energy Limited | Fixation device and installation method |
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| CN112879057A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-01 | 北京科技大学 | Omnidirectional annular pressure negative expansion anchor rod device and enhanced anchoring method |
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| CN114435538B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-05-05 | 南京林业大学 | Device and method for reversely pulling shelling growth type fish mine anchors |
| CN114954785B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-05-16 | 河南大学 | Torpedo anchor based on ocean carbon sequestration and installation method thereof |
| CN115303417B (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2023-12-05 | 江苏海洋大学 | Recoverable flank exhibition fish thunder anchor suitable for deep sea anchor |
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