CN112087060A - 一种用于无线电能传输接收端的有源e类整流器 - Google Patents

一种用于无线电能传输接收端的有源e类整流器 Download PDF

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CN112087060A
CN112087060A CN202010728044.1A CN202010728044A CN112087060A CN 112087060 A CN112087060 A CN 112087060A CN 202010728044 A CN202010728044 A CN 202010728044A CN 112087060 A CN112087060 A CN 112087060A
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CN112087060B (zh
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何良宗
郭栋
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Xiamen University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于无线电能传输接收端的有源E类整流器。该有源E类整流器电路主体包含一个线圈、一个谐振电容、一个并联在谐振网络两端的电感、一个二极管、一个并联与二极管的小电容、一个由大电容与开关管构成的调节电路。与常用的全桥整流器串联DC‑DC变换器的输出功率调节拓扑相比，该结构元器件更少，功率密度更高且成本更低。

Description

一种用于无线电能传输接收端的有源E类整流器
技术领域
本发明涉及高频谐振整流器领域，特别是指一种用于无线电能传输接收端的有源E类整流器。
背景技术
随着新能源技术发展，以电能为直接驱动力的电动交通工具由于其高效率正在被逐步推广。电池是该类设备的主要储能单元。接触式充电方法的线路长期裸露在外，老化快、易磨损且密封性不好，应用于高功率场合时维护成本高，在恶劣环境中存在安全隐患。
与传统的接触式电能传输方式相比，无线能量传输技术利用电磁场传递能量，无需物理连接，系统密封性极高，具安全性强、环境适应性强、寿命长、接口通用性强等优点。
无线电能传输技术的主要缺陷之一是系统输出功率对耦合机构位置十分敏感，线圈位置的轻微变化即可影响输出。考虑到许多负载对于过压过流的承受能力极低，无线充电系统往往需要额外的功率调节电路以保证输出功率在所需范围内变化。目前常见的功率调节电路多为被动整流电路串联额外DC-DC变换器，功率器件较多，在功率密度与导通损耗方面有待进一步优化。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术中的上述缺陷，提出一种用于无线电能传输系统接收端的有源E类整流器，达到利用更少功率器件实现整流与功率调节的目的。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种用于无线电能传输接收端的有源E类整流器，所述接收端的有源E类整流器，包括线圈L1，谐振电容C1，并联电感Le，二极管De，二极管并联电容CS，整流电容CO，负载Ro，以及有开关管S和大电容CB构成的控制电路，所述线圈L1的一端与C1相连，C1的另一端与并联电感Le、二极管De的阳极、开关管Sa的漏级相连、开关管Sa的另一端与大电容CB的一端相连，大电容CB的另一端与二极管De的阴极、整流电容CO的一端以及负载Ro的一端相连，负载Ro的另一端、整流电容CO的另一端、并联电感Le的另一端以及线圈L1的另一端相连，电容CS并联在二极管De的两端。
优选的，开关管Sa依据电容C1与并联电感Le节点处电流控制开通关断，当电容C1与并联电感Le节点处的电流方向变为自右向左时，开通所述开关管Sa。
优选的，开关管Sa依据二极管De的反向电压控制开通关断，当二极管De的反向电压开始升高时，开通所述开关管Sa。
优选的，开关管Sa依据开关管Sa的漏源电压控制开通关断，当漏源电压降为0时，开通所述开关管Sa。
优选的，所述副边等效负载Re与所述开关管S和大电容CB构成的控制电路的导通比D的关系可由如下公式表示：
Figure BDA0002599132370000021
由上述对本发明的描述可知，与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)本发明利用一个整流电路同时实现了高频整流与有源阻抗匹配(即大范围功率调节)，功率器件相较于常见的整流电路串联DC-DC变换器的方案有了明显减少，可有效降低导通损耗，且功率密度可大幅提升。
2)本发明可迅速追踪预设电压，纹波较小，负载在大范围变化时，本发明也可始终快速稳定输出电压。
附图说明
图1为利用本发明实施例用于无线电能传输接收端的有源E类整流器形成的无线电能传输；
图2为本发明实施例用于无线电能传输接收端的有源E类整流器的关键时序图；
图3为本发明实施例用于无线电能传输的箝位式能量注入与发射装置不同模态的等效电路；图3(a)，模态1；图3(b)，模态2；图3(c)，模态3；图3(d)，模态4；图3(e)，模态5；
图4为本发明实施例在变输出电压时的输出电压仿真结果；
图5为本发明实施例在变负载时的输出电压仿真结果。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
如图1左半部分是无线电能传输系统(WPT)常用逆变拓扑电路图；图1的右半部分，是本发明提出的一种用于无线电能传输系统接收端的有源E类整流器，两者共同组成完整的无线传输系统，本发明提出的一种用于无线电能传输系统接收端的有源E类整流器，包含主动电路与控制电路。主电路包含线圈L1，谐振电容C1，并联电感Le，二极管De，二极管并联电容CS，整流电容CO，负载Re，以及由开关管Sa和大电容CB构成的二极管导通比D控制电路。
其中，线圈L1的一端与C1相连，C1的另一端与并联电感Le、二极管De的阳极、开关管Sa的漏级相连、开关管Sa的另一端与大电容CB的一端相连，大电容CB的另一端与二极管De的阴极、整流电容CO的一端以及负载Re的一端相连，负载Re的另一端、整流电容CO的另一端、并联电感Le的另一端以及线圈L1的另一端相连。电容CS并联在二极管De的两端。
所述控制电路调节开关管Sa的导通时间来调节二极管De的导通比D。以实现二极管导通比D的调节。开关管Sa导通时刻的判断方案不唯一，有三个检测点可供选择：若检测所述电容C1与并联电感Le节点处电流，则在电流方向变为自右向左时，开通所述开关管Sa；若检测二极管De的反向电压，则当反向电压开始升高时，开通所述开关管Sa；若检测所述开关管Sa的漏源电压，则要在漏源电压为0时开通所述开关管Sa。
在一较佳实例中，可采用电压比较器TLV3501和DSP28335实现所需功能。电压比较器TLV3501检测二极管反向电压，以反向电压出现时刻作为开关管Sa的导通时刻，给DSP发出信号，DSP控制开关管Sa导通，达到预设时长后关断开关管Sa。同时，DSP可检测输出电压，输出电压高于预设值时，可延长开关管Sa导通时间(即降低二极管De导通比)，低于预设值时可减短开关管Sa导通时间(即提高二极管De导通比)，最终保证输出电压在预设值附近。
通过控制开关管Sa的导通时间，可以控制二极管De的导通比D，进而控制副边等效负载Re，实现输出功率调节。所述开关管Sa始终保持关断时，所述二极管De的导通比D最大，此时输出功率最大，所述开关管Sa始终保持开通时，所述二极管导通比D最小，输出功率最小。在不考虑元器件与电路的寄生参数时，所述副边等效负载Re与所述导通比D的关系可由如下公式表示：
Figure BDA0002599132370000041
参见图2，图3，所述无线电能传输接收端的有源E类整流器包含五个模态；
如图3(a)，模态1：i1+ie正向，其中ie(Le上电流)波动小，可视为直流。电流由二极管De为Co和Ro供电。Le与Co并联，所以其ie电流线性升高。
如图3(b)模态2：i1+ie反向开始，二极管De截止，Ce被充能。由于截止时电流为0且有并联电容CS，二极管dv/dt从0缓慢升高。
如图3(c)模态3：CS电压等于CB的电压，Sa体二极管导通，CS与CB同时充电。在此期间开通Sa，可实现软开通。
如图3(d)模态4：Sa开通，且i1+ie正向后，CS与CB开始放电向Co充能。
如图3(e)模态5：Sa关断，CB停止放电，CS继续放电。由于电容电压不突变，Sa可实现软关断。
图4的仿真结果显示，在所期望输出电压变化时，本发明可迅速追踪预设电压，纹波较小；图5的仿真结果显示，负载在大范围变化时，本发明也可始终快速稳定输出电压。
本发明利用一个整流电路同时实现了高频整流与有源阻抗匹配(即大范围功率调节)，功率器件相较于常见的整流电路串联DC-DC变换器的方案有了明显减少，可有效降低导通损耗，且功率密度可大幅提升。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于无线电能传输接收端的有源E类整流器，其特征在于，所述接收端的有源E类整流器，包括线圈L1，谐振电容C1，并联电感Le，二极管De，二极管并联电容CS，整流电容CO，负载Ro，以及有开关管S和大电容CB构成的控制电路，所述线圈L1的一端与C1相连，C1的另一端与并联电感Le、二极管De的阳极、开关管Sa的漏级相连、开关管Sa的另一端与大电容CB的一端相连，大电容CB的另一端与二极管De的阴极、整流电容CO的一端以及负载Ro的一端相连，负载Ro的另一端、整流电容CO的另一端、并联电感Le的另一端以及线圈L1的另一端相连，电容CS并联在二极管De的两端。
2.根据权利要求1所述有源E类整流器，其特征在于，开关管Sa依据电容C1与并联电感Le节点处电流控制开通关断，当电容C1与并联电感Le节点处的电流方向变为自右向左时，开通所述开关管Sa。
3.根据权利要求1所述有源E类整流器，其特征在于，开关管Sa依据二极管De的反向电压控制开通关断，当二极管De的反向电压开始升高时，开通所述开关管Sa。
4.根据权利要求1所述有源E类整流器，其特征在于，开关管Sa依据开关管Sa的漏源电压控制开通关断，当漏源电压降为0时，开通所述开关管Sa。
5.根据权利要求1所述有源E类整流器，其特征在于，所述副边等效负载Re与所述开关管S和大电容CB构成的控制电路的导通比D的关系可由如下公式表示：
Figure FDA0002599132360000011
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