CN112086005A - Small-sized seed subset row type seed metering device test bed - Google Patents
Small-sized seed subset row type seed metering device test bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN112086005A CN112086005A CN202010840669.7A CN202010840669A CN112086005A CN 112086005 A CN112086005 A CN 112086005A CN 202010840669 A CN202010840669 A CN 202010840669A CN 112086005 A CN112086005 A CN 112086005A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 26
- 241000721671 Ludwigia Species 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small-sized seed set row type seed sowing device test bed, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprises a mud supply device, a row type seed sowing device, a seed and mud separating device and a rack, wherein the mud supply device comprises a mud box and a soil conveying device, the mud box and the soil conveying device are arranged on the rack, the mud box is positioned above the feeding end of the soil conveying device, the seed and mud separating device is arranged on the rack below the discharging end of the soil conveying device, and the row type seed sowing device capable of sowing seeds into soil on the mud box is arranged on the rack on the front side of the mud box. According to the invention, under the situation that the centralized-drainage type seed discharging device is not moved and the soil conveying device conveys soil to serve as a seed field, the centralized-drainage type seed discharging device can sow seeds on the soil conveyed by the soil conveying device, the situation that the centralized-drainage type seed discharging device is used for field test can be simulated, the field sowing simulation experiment can be conveniently realized in a laboratory, students are prevented from needing to sow the seed field, manpower and material resources are saved, and the convenience is brought.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a small-particle seed set row type seed metering device test bed.
Background
The sowing machine has an extremely important position and function in ensuring the yield increase of crops and promoting the improvement of agricultural science and technology, and the quality of sowing determines the yield of the crops. In recent years, with the development of high-speed, wide-width and precise seeding operation and the wide application of new technology and new technology of agricultural machinery, the operation efficiency of the seeding machine is greatly improved. The operating efficiency of the seeding machine is mainly determined by the seed metering device, but mainly depends on the seed metering performance of the seed metering device. The seed metering device test bed enables a main means used by the research and development of a precision seeder to be necessary experimental equipment for quickly researching and developing a new generation of high-performance precision seeder. In order to understand and master the technical performance of the existing precision seeding apparatus, further develop and popularize precision seeding and provide design basis for China, research and development on a seed metering apparatus test bed must be increased.
At present, the design of a small-particle seed metering device test bed used in a laboratory is only simple for measuring the seed dropping condition of a seed metering device, and little research is available for building a test bed capable of simulating a field test of the seed metering device. Therefore, the integrated rack for checking the seed metering performance of the small-sized seed metering device is designed, the seed metering condition of the seed metering device can be observed, the condition of the seed metering device operating in the field can be simulated, and the integrated rack has important significance for developing the seed metering device and performing seed metering device tests.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a small-sized seed sub-set row type seed sowing device test bed, under the condition that a centralized row type seed sowing device is not moved and a soil conveying device conveys soil to serve as a seed field, the centralized row type seed sowing device sows seeds on the soil conveyed by the soil conveying device, the test condition of the centralized row type seed sowing device in the field can be simulated, the simulation experiment of seeding the seed field in a laboratory is facilitated, students are prevented from needing to go to the seed field to perform the seeding experiment, manpower and material resources are saved, and the test bed is more convenient.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a small-sized seed subset formula seed metering ware test bench is including supplying mud device, the formula seed metering device 2 of formula seed metering device, kind mud separator 4, frame 6 of formula seed metering device, supply mud device include mud case 1-1, earth conveyer 1-2, mud case 1-1 and earth conveyer 1-2 install in frame 6, mud case 1-1 is located the feed end top of earth conveyer 1-2, install kind mud separator 4 on the discharge end below frame 6 of earth conveyer 1-2, install the formula seed metering device 2 of formula seed metering device in can broadcasting the seed into earth conveyer 1-2 on the frame 6 of mud case 1-1 front side.
Further, the seed-mud separating device 4 comprises a mounting frame 4-1, a mud collecting box 4-2, a screen 4-3, rockers 4-4, a motor I4-5, eccentric wheels 4-6, a link mechanism 4-7 and a seed collecting box 4-8, wherein the mud collecting box 4-2 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 4-1, the mounting frame 4-1 is hinged with four rockers 4-4, the screen 4-3 is mounted on the four rockers 4-4 in a hinged manner, the motor I4-5 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 4-1, the screen 4-3 is positioned right above the mud collecting box 4-2, a power shaft of the motor I4-5 is provided with the eccentric wheels 4-6, the screen 4-3 is hinged with the link mechanism 4-7 hinged with the eccentric wheels 4-6, a seed collecting box 4-8 is arranged on the mounting rack 4-1 below the discharge end of the screen 4-3.
Further, the frame 6 is provided with a soil recovery device 5 which can convey the soil separated by the seed-soil separation device 4 back to the mud tank 1-1.
Further, the soil recovery device 5 comprises a horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1, a vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 and a mud guide plate 5-3, wherein a mud inlet of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 is connected with a mud outlet of the seed-soil separating device 4, a mud outlet of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 is connected with a mud inlet of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2, a mud guide plate 5-3 is arranged at a mud outlet of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2, and the mud guide plate 5-3 is connected with a mud box 1-1.
Further, the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 and the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 are consistent in structure and respectively comprise a motor II 5-4, a speed reducer 5-5, a spiral feeding shaft 5-6 and a feeding barrel 5-7, the feeding barrel 5-7 is fixedly mounted on the rack 6, the spiral feeding shaft 5-6 is mounted in the feeding barrel 5-7, spiral blades arranged on the spiral feeding shaft 5-6 are tangent to the inner wall of the feeding barrel 5-7, one end of the spiral feeding shaft 5-6 extends out of the feeding barrel 5-7 and is connected with the speed reducer 5-5, and the power output end of the speed reducer 5-5 is connected with the power output end of the motor II 5-4.
Further, the centralized-discharging type seed metering device 2 comprises a support 2-12 and a centralized-discharging type seed metering device 2-13, wherein the centralized-discharging type seed metering device 2-13 is installed on the support 2-12, and the centralized-discharging type seed metering device 2-13 spans above the soil conveying device 1-2.
Further, the collection and discharge type seed sowing devices 2-13 are arranged on the supports 2-12 through two width adjusting mechanisms 2-14 capable of adjusting the installation positions according to the sizes of the collection and discharge type seed sowing devices 2-13.
Further, the width adjusting mechanism 2-14 comprises slide rails 2-18, screw rods 2-19, nut sliders 2-20, stepping motors 2-21, support frames 2-22 and couplers 2-23, the slide rails 2-18 are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the top of the support frame 2-12, a screw rod 2-19 is respectively installed on the rear end plate of each slide rail 2-18 through a bearing, the stepping motors 2-21 are respectively and fixedly installed on the front end plates of the two slide rails 2-18, the power shafts of the stepping motors 2-21 are connected with the screw rods 2-19 through the couplers 2-23, the front section and the rear section of each screw rod 2-19 are respectively provided with threads with opposite rotation directions, and each thread section of each screw rod 2-19 is respectively provided with a nut slider 2-20, and the nut sliders 2-20 are arranged in the slide rails 2-18, a pair of nut sliders 2-20 which are opposite to each other on the two lead screws 2-19 are respectively provided with a support frame 2-22, and the centralized-discharging type seed sowing device 2-13 is fixedly arranged on the two support frames 2-22.
Further, the bottom of the bracket 2-12 is provided with a moving wheel 2-17 which is convenient for moving the collection and discharge type seed sowing device 2-13.
Furthermore, a high-speed camera device 3 capable of shooting the seeding condition of the centralized-type seed metering device 2 is arranged on the frame 6.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, under the situation that the centralized-drainage type seed discharging device is not moved and the soil conveying device conveys soil to serve as a seed field, the centralized-drainage type seed discharging device can sow seeds on the soil conveyed by the soil conveying device, the situation that the centralized-drainage type seed discharging device is used for field test can be simulated, the field sowing simulation experiment can be conveniently realized in a laboratory, students are prevented from needing to sow the seed field, manpower and material resources are saved, and the convenience is brought.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the seed-sludge separating apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the soil reclamation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal screw conveying mechanism and a vertical screw conveying mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the centralized seed sowing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a width adjustment mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a cluster-type seed metering device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view II of the structure of the centralized-type seed sowing device of the present invention
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a structure for mounting the seed shaft and the seed wheel according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the construction of a seed wheel according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible seed protection plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a right side view of the flexible seed protection plate of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of the seed cleaning mechanism of the present invention;
fig. 14 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 13.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
As shown in figure 1, the small-sized seed set row-type seed metering device test bed comprises a mud supply device, a row-type seed metering device 2, a seed and mud separating device 4 and a rack 6, wherein the mud supply device comprises a mud box 1-1 and an earth conveying device 1-2, the mud box 1-1 and the earth conveying device 1-2 are installed on the rack 6, the mud box 1-1 is positioned above the feeding end of the earth conveying device 1-2, the seed and mud separating device 4 is installed on the rack 6 below the discharging end of the earth conveying device 1-2, and the row-type seed metering device 2 capable of sowing seeds into the earth on the earth conveying device 1-2 is installed on the rack 6 at the front side of the mud box 1-1. The mud conveying device 1-2 is a conveying belt device, mud is filled into the mud box 1-1, a mud outlet is arranged at the bottom of the mud box 1-1, the mud conveying device 1-2 is started, the mud of the mud box 1-1 falls onto the conveying belt from the mud outlet at the bottom of the mud box in the conveying process of the conveying belt of the mud conveying device 1-2, as the conveyer belt continuously conveys, the soil falling from the mud box 1-1 can be flatly paved on the conveyer belt to form a field similar to the ground, when the soil conveyed by the conveying belt reaches the lower part of the centralized-discharging type seed metering device 2, the centralized-discharging type seed metering device 2 seeds the soil on the conveying belt, after the discharge end of seed and earth arrival conveyer belt, seed and earth enter into kind mud separator 4, separate earth and seed through kind mud separator 4. According to the invention, under the condition that the centralized and arranged seed discharging device 2 is not moved and the soil is conveyed by the soil conveying device 1-2 to serve as a seed field, the centralized and arranged seed discharging device 2 can be used for sowing seeds on the soil conveyed by the soil conveying device 1-2, the condition of the centralized and arranged seed discharging device 2 in a field test is simulated, the seed field sowing experiment can be conveniently simulated and realized in a laboratory, and the condition that students need to go to the seed field for a sowing experiment is avoided. The seed and the earth after the experiment finishes can carry out effective separation through planting mud separator 4, are convenient for be used for the seeding experiment next time with seed and earth, simultaneously, have also avoided the waste of seed, realize recycling.
In the invention, as shown in figure 2, the seed-mud separating device 4 comprises a mounting frame 4-1, a mud collecting box 4-2, a screen 4-3, rockers 4-4, a motor I4-5, eccentric wheels 4-6, a link mechanism 4-7 and a seed collecting box 4-8, wherein the mud collecting box 4-2 is fixedly arranged on the mounting frame 4-1, the mounting frame 4-1 is hinged with four rockers 4-4, the screen 4-3 is arranged on the four rockers 4-4 in a hinged manner, the screen 4-3 is positioned right above the mud collecting box 4-2, the motor I4-5 is fixedly arranged on the mounting frame 4-1, the eccentric wheels 4-6 are arranged on a power shaft of the motor I4-5, the screen 4-3 is hinged with a link mechanism 4-7 hinged with the eccentric wheels 4-6, a seed collecting box 4-8 is arranged on the mounting rack 4-1 below the discharge end of the screen 4-3, and a connecting plate 7 for guiding soil into the screen 4-3 is arranged at the discharge end of the soil conveying device 1-2. The eccentric wheel 4-6 is driven by the motor I4-5, the connecting rod mechanism 4-7 is driven to swing by the eccentric wheel 4-6 in the rotating process, so that the swinging connecting rod mechanism 4-7 drives the screen 4-3 arranged on the rocker 4-4 to vibrate under the action of the rocker 4-4, seeds and soil output by the discharge end of the soil conveying device 1-2 enter the vibrating screen 4-3 through the connecting plate 7, soil falls into the soil collecting box 4-2 from meshes of the screen 4-3 in the vibrating process of the screen 4-3, and the seeds enter the seed collecting box 4-8 for centralized recovery at a discharge port of the vibrating screen 4-3.
In the invention, the frame 6 is provided with a soil recovery device 5 which can convey the soil separated by the seed-soil separation device 4 back to the mud box 1-1. The mud separated by the mud separating device 4 is recovered and conveyed into the mud box 1-1 by the mud recovering device 5, so that the mud in the mud box 1-1 can be ensured to be always contained in the experiment, and the continuous operation of the seeding experiment is ensured.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the soil recovery device 5 comprises a horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1, a vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 and a mud guide plate 5-3, wherein a mud inlet of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 is connected with a mud outlet of the seed-soil separating device 4, a mud outlet of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 is connected with a mud inlet of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2, a mud guide plate 5-3 is arranged at a mud outlet of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2, and the mud guide plate 5-3 is connected with a mud box 1-1. The horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 and the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 are consistent in structure and respectively comprise a motor II 5-4, a speed reducer 5-5, a spiral feeding shaft 5-6 and a feeding barrel 5-7, the feeding barrel 5-7 is fixedly mounted on a rack 6, the spiral feeding shaft 5-6 is mounted in the feeding barrel 5-7, spiral blades arranged on the spiral feeding shaft 5-6 are tangent to the inner wall of the feeding barrel 5-7, one end of the spiral feeding shaft 5-6 extends out of the feeding barrel 5-7 and is connected with the speed reducer 5-5, and the power output end of the speed reducer 5-5 is connected with the power output end of the motor II 5-4. A sludge outlet is arranged on the bottom wall of the sludge box 1-1, the sludge outlet of the sludge box 1-1 is connected with a sludge inlet of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1, when a motor II 5-4 of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 works with a speed reducer 5-5, the speed reducer 5-5 drives a spiral feeding shaft 5-6 of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 to rotate, soil falling into a feeding barrel 5-7 of the sludge box 1-1 from the sludge outlet is conveyed to the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 through the spiral feeding shaft 5-6, when the soil is conveyed into the feeding barrel 5-7 of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2, the motor II 5-4 of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 drives the speed reducer 5-5 to work, and the speed reducer 5-5 of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 drives a vertical spiral feeding shaft 5-6 connected with the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 to work The vertical spiral feeding shaft 5-6 lifts the soil to the discharge hole, and the soil discharged from the feeding barrel 5-7 is guided into the mud box 1-1 through the mud guide plate 5-3 and circularly discharged to the soil conveying device 1-2 for testing.
As shown in fig. 5, the centralized and discharging type seed metering device 2 comprises a support 2-12 and a centralized and discharging type seed metering device 2-13, wherein the centralized and discharging type seed metering device 2-13 is installed on the support 2-12, and the centralized and discharging type seed metering device 2-13 spans above the soil conveying device 1-2. The independent supports 2-12 are arranged to install the centralized-discharging type seed sowing devices 2-13, so that the supports 2-12 stretch over the soil conveying devices 1-2, the soil conveying devices 1-2 can move conveniently according to sowing requirements, and the sowing experiment of seeds can be completed conveniently in the experimental process.
The bottom of the support 2-12 is provided with a moving wheel 2-17 which is convenient for moving the centralized-discharging type seed sowing device 2-13, and the movement of the centralized-discharging type seed sowing device 2-13 can be more conveniently realized by arranging the moving wheel 2-17.
The frame 6 is provided with a high-speed camera 3 which can shoot the seeding condition of the centralized-discharging type seed metering device 2; the seeding condition of the whole centralized-discharging type seed metering device 2 is shot and recorded by the high-speed camera device 3, so that the seed metering effect can be observed more clearly, and the seeding device is convenient for students to learn repeatedly after experiments are completed.
In the invention, the collection-discharge type seed metering devices 2-13 are arranged on the supports 2-12 through two width adjusting mechanisms 2-14 capable of adjusting the installation positions according to the sizes of the collection-discharge type seed metering devices 2-13. As shown in fig. 6, the width adjusting mechanism 2-14 comprises slide rails 2-18, screw rods 2-19, nut sliders 2-20, stepping motors 2-21, support frames 2-22 and couplers 2-23, the slide rails 2-18 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the top of the support frame 2-12, a screw rod 2-19 is respectively installed on the rear end plate of each slide rail 2-18 through a bearing, the stepping motors 2-21 are respectively and fixedly installed on the front end plates of the two slide rails 2-18, the power shaft of each stepping motor 2-21 is connected with the screw rod 2-19 through the couplers 2-23, the front section and the rear section of each screw rod 2-19 are respectively provided with threads with opposite rotation directions, and each thread section of each screw rod 2-19 is respectively provided with a nut slider 2-20, and the nut sliders 2-20 are arranged in the slide rails 2-18, a pair of nut sliders 2-20 which are opposite to each other on the two lead screws 2-19 are respectively provided with a support frame 2-22, and the centralized-discharging type seed sowing device 2-13 is fixedly arranged on the two support frames 2-22. The two stepping motors 2-21 respectively drive the connected screw rods 2-19 to rotate forwards or reversely, and the two screw rods 2-19 can respectively drive the two nut sliders 2-20 thereon to mutually approach or separate under the limiting and guiding effects of the slide rails 2-18 in the process of rotating forwards or reversely, so as to drive the two support frames 2-22 to approach or separate. Therefore, the mounting of the collection-discharge type seed metering devices 2-13 with different sizes and different types can be realized, and the collection-discharge type seed metering devices 2-13 in a certain size range can be mounted on the two support frames 2-22 to realize a seeding experiment.
In the invention, the invention can adopt an inner and outer fluted-wheel type seeder, a dial-wheel type seeder, a spoon-type seeder, a millstone type seeder, a centrifugal type, a pneumatic type seeder, a hole disc type seeder, a hole wheel type seeder, a hole belt type seeder, a centrifugal type seeder, a finger-clamp type seeder and the like. Preferably, the structure of the centralized-discharging type seed sowing device 2-13 adopted by the invention is shown in figures 7-14, the centralized-discharging type seed sowing device 2-13 comprises a seed sowing wheel 2-1, a seed blocking brush 2-3, a seed sowing shaft 2-4, a brush wheel shaft 2-5, a fixed shaft 2-6, a seed box 2-7, a chain transmission mechanism I2-8, a brush wheel 2-10 and a flexible seed protection plate 2-11, the seed box 2-7 with an opening at the bottom is fixedly arranged on a bracket 2-12, the seed sowing shaft 2-4 is arranged on the left side plate and the right side plate of the seed box 2-7 through bearings, a row of seed sowing wheels 2-1 which are tightly contacted are arranged on the seed sowing shaft 2-4, the middle part of the seed sowing wheel 2-1 is uniformly provided with seed sowing holes 2-1-1, the wheel surface of the seed sowing wheel 2-1 positioned at the two sides of the seed sowing hole 2-1-1 is provided with bulges 2-1-2 arranged at intervals with the seed sowing hole 2-1-1, the baffle plates at the two sides of the seed box 2-7 are fixedly provided with brush wheel shafts 2-5, the brush wheel shafts 2-5 are close to the front baffle plate of the seed box 2-7, the brush wheel shafts 2-10 are fixedly arranged on the brush wheel shafts 2-5, the brush wheel shafts 2-5 are connected with the ditching wheel shaft 4-1 through chain transmission mechanisms II 2-15, the seed sowing shaft 2-4 is connected with the power shaft of a motor III 2-16 arranged on a bracket 2-12 through the brush wheel shafts 2-15, the brush hairs of the brush wheel 2-10 are contacted with the surface of the seed sowing wheel 2-1, the front parts of the two side plates of the seed box 2-7 are provided, the fixed shaft 2-6 is provided with flexible seed protection plates 2-11 which are consistent with the seed sowing wheel 2-1 in quantity and are matched with the seed sowing wheel one by one, and the rear end of each flexible seed protection plate 2-11 is positioned at the front side under the seed sowing wheel 2-1; the inner side edge of the bottom of the rear side baffle of the seed box 2-7 is provided with a seed blocking brush 2-3, and the brush hair of the seed blocking brush 2-3 is contacted with the surface of the seed sowing wheel 2-1. Storing seeds in a seed box 2-7, wherein when the seed box works, a motor III 2-16 drives a brush wheel shaft 2-5 to rotate through a chain transmission mechanism II 2-15, the brush wheel shaft 2-5 drives a brush wheel 2-10 arranged on the brush wheel shaft to rotate, meanwhile, the brush wheel shaft 2-5 drives a seed discharging shaft 2-4 to rotate through a chain transmission mechanism I2-8, the seed discharging shaft 2-4 drives a seed discharging wheel 2-1 arranged on the seed discharging shaft to rotate, the seed discharging wheel 2-1 is in an arc-shaped structure, bulges 2-1-2 on the seed discharging wheel 2-1 disturb seeds in the seed box 2-7 in the rotating process, the disturbed seed dispersion degree is larger, the mobility of seed groups is better, so that the seeds can flatly enter a seed discharging hole 2-1-1 under the combined action of the self gravity and the disturbing middle acting force, when the seeds entering the seeding hole 2-1-1 reach the position of the brush wheel 2-10 along with the rotation of the seeding wheel 2-1, the linear velocity of the brush wheel 2-10 is larger than that of the seeding wheel 2-1 because the diameter of the brush wheel 2-10 is smaller than that of the seeding wheel 2-1, the seeds which are filled into the seeding hole 2-1-1 are brushed away by the brush hairs on the brush wheel 2-10, and only one seed is left in the seeding hole 2-1-1. Because the brush wheel shaft 2-5 is close to the front side baffle of the seed box 2-7, the front side baffle of the seed box 2-7 is cut into the brush of the brush wheel 2-10, when the brush wheel 2-10 rotates to the front side baffle of the seed box 2-7, the front side baffle of the seed box 2-7 clears away the seeds embedded in the brush of the brush wheel 2-10, and the seeds are prevented from being scattered outside the seed box 2-7 by the brush wheel 2-10 in the rotating process, so that the waste of the seeds is avoided. With the continuous rotation of the upper seed discharging wheel 2-1 on the seed discharging shaft 2-4, the seeds entering the seed discharging hole 2-1-1 enter the seed protecting area formed by the flexible seed protecting plate 2-11 after passing through the brush wheel 2-10. The flexible seed protection plate 2-11 comprises a seed protection plate shell 2-11-1, a seed protection plate 2-11-2, a soft rubber pad 2-11-3, a spring 2-11-4 and a spring shaft 2-11-5, wherein the seed protection plate shell 2-11-1 is of an arc groove structure, the seed protection plate 2-11-2 is arranged in a groove of the seed protection plate shell 2-11-1, the spring shaft 2-11-5 is arranged on the bottom wall of the groove of the seed protection plate shell 2-11-1, the spring 2-11-4 is sleeved on the spring shaft 2-11-5, one end of the spring 2-11-4 is fixed on the bottom wall of the groove of the seed protection plate shell 2-11-1, the other end of the spring 2-11-4 is fixed on the seed protection plate 2-11-2, the surface of the seed protection plate 2-11-2 is provided with a layer of soft rubber cushion 2-11-3, the seed protection plate shell 2-11-1 is provided with a mounting hole 2-11-6, and the seed protection plate shell 2-11-1 is mounted on the fixed shaft 2-6 through the mounting hole 2-11-6. The soft rubber pad 2-11-3 of the flexible seed protection plate 2-11 is always tightly attached to the surface of the seed sowing wheel 2-1 under the action of the spring 2-11-4, so that seeds entering the seed sowing hole 2-1-1 are always kept in the seed sowing hole 2-1-1, when the volume of the seeds exceeds the depth of the seed sowing hole 2-1-1, the seeds can exert extrusion acting force on the seed protection plate 2-11-2, and at the moment, the soft rubber pad and the spring 2-11-3 slide and are compressed under the constraint of the spring shaft 2-11-5, so that the seed protection plate 2-11-2 has a buffering effect on the force of the seeds. When the seeds do not exceed the depth of the seed sowing hole 2-1-1, the seed protection plate 2-11-2 is reset under the elasticity of the spring 2-11-4, and the seed protection plate 2-11-2 is ensured to be attached to the convex hull special-shaped hole type seed sowing wheel 2-1-1. Meanwhile, the soft rubber cushion 2-11-3 is made of soft rubber, so that the seeds can be prevented from being scratched when the soft rubber cushion contacts with the seeds. When seeds enter the seed discharging holes 2-1-1 and leave the seed protection area formed by the flexible seed protection plates 2-11, the seeds enter the seeding area, and fall from the seed discharging holes 2-1-1 under the action of self gravity, and then fall from the bottom opening of the seed box 2-7 to the soil conveying device 1-2 to be conveyed to soil, so that multi-row simulated seeding of the seeds is realized. 28 seed sowing wheels 2-1 can be arranged on the seed sowing shaft 2-4, and the seed sowing holes 2-1-1 on the 28 seed sowing wheels 2-1 are respectively and uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, and the distance between two adjacent seed sowing holes 2-1-1 is consistent, so that the seeds are uniformly sown in the seed furrow at equal intervals in the rotation process of the seed sowing wheels 2-1, and the close sowing of the seeds in 28 rows is realized.
As the seeds are contained in the seed box 2-7, in order to avoid the seeds from leaking from the joint of the seed box 2-7 and the seed sowing wheel 2-1, the bristles of the seed blocking brushes 2-3 are in contact with the surface of the seed sowing wheel 2-1 by installing the seed blocking brushes 2-3 at the inner side edge of the bottom of the rear side baffle plate of the seed box 2-7, so that the bristles of the seed blocking brushes 2-3 are in flexible contact with the bulges 2-1-2 on the seed sowing wheel 2-1, the bristles of the bristles 2-3 prevent the seeds from leaking from the seed box 2-7, and meanwhile, the rear side baffle plate of the seed box 2-7 can be prevented from being in direct contact with the seed sowing wheel 2-1 to cause the bulges 2-1-2 to be scraped.
The rear parts of the left and right side plates of the seed box 2-7 are provided with seed cleaning mechanisms 2-2, each seed cleaning mechanism 2-2 comprises a seed cleaning frame 2-2-2, a seed cleaning support shaft 2-2-3, a seed cleaning torsion spring 2-2-4 and an adjusting knob 2-2-5, two ends of each seed cleaning frame 2-2-2 are respectively provided with an adjusting screw hole 2-2-1, each seed cleaning frame 2-2-2 is fixedly arranged at the rear parts of the left and right side plates of the seed box 2-7 through the adjusting knob 2-2-5 matched with the adjusting screw hole 2-2-1, each seed cleaning frame 2-2-2 is provided with the seed cleaning support shaft 2-2-3, each seed cleaning torsion spring 2-2-4 is arranged on each seed cleaning support shaft 2-2-3, the number of the seed cleaning torsion springs is consistent with that of the seed discharging wheels 2-1, and the seed cleaning torsion, the middle part of each seed sowing wheel 2-1 is provided with a seed cleaning groove 2-1-3 communicated with the seed sowing hole 2-1-1, and one end of a seed cleaning torsion spring 2-2-4 extends into the seed cleaning groove 2-1-3. When seeds are clamped in the seed discharging holes 2-1-1 and can not fall off through the dead weight, the seeds which can not fall freely are forced to be discharged out of the seed discharging holes 2-1-1 by the seed cleaning torsion springs 2-2-4 which extend into the seed cleaning grooves 2-1-3 from the end parts in the rotating process of the seed discharging wheel 2-1, and the seeds are broadcasted into the seed ditch. Meanwhile, the angle of the seed cleaning frame 2-2-2 can be adjusted through the adjusting knob 2-2-5, so that the seed cleaning torsion spring 2-2-4 arranged on the seed cleaning supporting shaft 2-2-3 is adjusted, one end of the seed cleaning torsion spring 2-2-4 extending into the seed cleaning groove 2-1-3 is ensured to be tightly attached to the bottom of the seed cleaning groove 2-1-3, and the seed cleaning torsion spring 2-2-4 is prevented from scratching seeds.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of loading soil into a mud box 1-1, arranging a mud outlet at the bottom of the mud box 1-1, starting an soil conveying device 1-2, enabling a conveying belt of the soil conveying device 1-2 to enable the soil of the mud box 1-1 to fall onto the conveying belt from the mud outlet at the bottom of the mud box in the conveying process, enabling the soil falling from the mud box 1-1 to be tiled on the conveying belt due to continuous conveying of the conveying belt to form a field similar to the ground, sowing seeds into the soil on the conveying belt by the centralized seed sowing device 2 after the soil conveyed by the conveying belt reaches the lower part of the centralized seed sowing device 2, enabling the seeds and the soil to enter a screen 4-3 of a seed and mud separating device 4 after the seeds and the soil reach the discharge end of the conveying belt, driving an eccentric wheel 4-6 by a motor I4-5, and rotating the eccentric wheel 4-6 in the rotating process, the connecting rod mechanism 4-7 is driven to swing, so that under the action of the rocker 4-4, the swinging connecting rod mechanism 4-7 drives the screen 4-3 arranged on the rocker 4-4 to vibrate, seeds and soil output by the discharge end of the soil conveying device 1-2 enter the vibrating screen 4-3 through the connecting plate 7, soil falls into the soil collecting box 4-2 from meshes of the screen 4-3 in the vibrating process of the screen 4-3, and the seeds enter the seed collecting box 4-8 at a discharge port of the vibrating screen 4-3 to be intensively recovered. When the motor II 5-4 of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 and the speed reducer 5-5 work, the speed reducer 5-5 drives the spiral feeding shaft 5-6 of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism 5-1 to rotate, soil falling into the feeding barrel 5-7 of the mud box 1-1 from a mud outlet is conveyed to the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 through the spiral feeding shaft 5-6, after the soil is conveyed into the feeding barrel 5-7 of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2, the motor II 5-4 of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 drives the speed reducer 5-5 to work, the speed reducer 5-5 of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism 5-2 drives the vertical spiral feeding shaft 5-6 connected with the vertical spiral conveying mechanism to rotate, and therefore the vertical spiral feeding shaft 5-6 is lifted to the mud outlet, soil discharged from the feeding barrel 5-7 is guided into the mud box 1-1 through the mud guide plate 5-3 and circularly discharged to the soil conveying device 1-2 for testing.
The invention uses the width adjusting mechanism to adjust the installation width to adapt to the installation of the centralized-discharging type seed metering devices with different sizes, and the invention can be suitable for the test of multi-row centralized-discharging type seed metering devices. Soil is sent through the earth conveyer who supplies the mud device, makes the seed of arranging fall on earth conveyer's soil, through control earth conveyer's speed, imitates the behavior of seeder walking in the field. Design screen cloth formula kind mud separator, with soil and seed separation, the soil of separating is carried to the mud case through earth recovery unit again, recycles. The small-grain seed set row type seed metering device test bed designed by the invention can simulate the field working condition of the collection row type seed metering device while performing the performance test of the collection row type seed metering device, so that the test effect is more obvious and real, time and labor are saved, and the test bed has important significance for developing the collection row type seed metering device test.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A small-sized seed row type seed metering device test bed is characterized in that: granule seed set row formula seed metering ware test bench including supply mud device, collection row formula seed metering device (2), kind mud separator (4), frame (6), supply mud device include mud case (1-1), earth conveyer (1-2), install on frame (6) mud case (1-1) and earth conveyer (1-2), mud case (1-1) is located the feed end top of earth conveyer (1-2), install kind mud separator (4) on the discharge end below frame (6) of earth conveyer (1-2), install collection row formula seed metering device (2) in can broadcasting the seed into earth conveyer (1-2) on frame (6) of mud case (1-1) front side.
2. The small seed row type seed metering device test bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the seed-soil separating device (4) comprises a mounting frame (4-1), a soil collecting box (4-2), a screen (4-3), rockers (4-4), a motor I (4-5), eccentric wheels (4-6), a link mechanism (4-7) and a seed collecting box (4-8), wherein the soil collecting box (4-2) is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (4-1), the mounting frame (4-1) is hinged with four rockers (4-4), the screen (4-3) is mounted on the four rockers (4-4) in a hinged mode, the screen (4-3) is located right above the soil collecting box (4-2), the motor I (4-5) is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (4-1), the eccentric wheels (4-6) are mounted on a power shaft of the motor I (4-5), a connecting rod mechanism (4-7) hinged with the eccentric wheel (4-6) is hinged on the screen (4-3), and a seed collecting box (4-8) is arranged on the mounting rack (4-1) below the discharge end of the screen (4-3).
3. The small seed row type seed metering device test bed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the machine frame (6) is provided with a soil recovery device (5) which can convey the soil separated by the seed-soil separation device (4) back to the mud tank (1-1).
4. The small seed row type seed metering device test bed as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the mud recovery device (5) comprises a horizontal spiral conveying mechanism (5-1), a vertical spiral conveying mechanism (5-2) and a mud guide plate (5-3), a mud inlet of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism (5-1) is connected with a mud outlet of the seed mud separation device (4), a mud outlet of the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism (5-1) is connected with a mud inlet of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism (5-2), the mud outlet of the vertical spiral conveying mechanism (5-2) is provided with the mud guide plate (5-3), and the mud guide plate (5-3) is connected with a mud box (1-1).
5. The small seed row type seed metering device test bed as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the horizontal spiral conveying mechanism (5-1) is consistent with the vertical spiral conveying mechanism (5-2) in structure and comprises a motor II (5-4), a speed reducer (5-5), a spiral feeding shaft (5-6) and a feeding barrel (5-7), wherein the feeding barrel (5-7) is fixedly mounted on a rack (6), the spiral feeding shaft (5-6) is mounted in the feeding barrel (5-7), spiral blades arranged on the spiral feeding shaft (5-6) are tangent to the inner wall of the feeding barrel (5-7), one end of the spiral feeding shaft (5-6) extends out of the feeding barrel (5-7) and then is connected with the speed reducer (5-5), and the power output end of the speed reducer (5-5) is connected with the power output end of the motor II (5-4).
6. The small seed row type seed metering device test bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the centralized-discharging type seed metering device (2) comprises a support (2-12) and a centralized-discharging type seed metering device (2-13), wherein the centralized-discharging type seed metering device (2-13) is installed on the support (2-12), and the centralized-discharging type seed metering device (2-13) spans above the soil conveying device (1-2).
7. The small seed row type seed metering device test bed as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the centralized-discharging type seed sowing device (2-13) is arranged on the bracket (2-12) through two width adjusting mechanisms (2-14) which can adjust the installation position according to the size of the centralized-discharging type seed sowing device (2-13).
8. The small seed row type seed metering device test bed as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the width adjusting mechanism (2-14) comprises slide rails (2-18), lead screws (2-19), nut sliders (2-20), stepping motors (2-21), support frames (2-22) and couplers (2-23), the slide rails (2-18) are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the top of each support (2-12), one lead screw (2-19) is installed on a rear end plate of each slide rail (2-18) through a bearing, the stepping motors (2-21) are respectively and fixedly installed on front end plates of the two slide rails (2-18), power shafts of the stepping motors (2-21) are connected with the lead screws (2-19) through the couplers (2-23), the front section and the rear section of each lead screw (2-19) are respectively provided with threads with opposite rotation directions, and each section of each lead screw (2-19) is respectively provided with one nut slider (2-20) ) The nut sliders (2-20) are mounted in the slide rails (2-18), a pair of nut sliders (2-20) which are opposite to each other on the two lead screws (2-19) are respectively provided with a support frame (2-22), and the centralized-discharging type seed metering device (2-13) is fixedly mounted on the two support frames (2-22).
9. The small seed row-type seed metering device test bed as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein: the bottom of the bracket (2-12) is provided with a movable wheel (2-17) which is convenient for moving the centralized-discharging seed sowing device (2-13).
10. The small seed cluster type seed metering device test bed as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 4-8, wherein: the frame (6) is provided with a high-speed camera device (3) which can shoot the seeding condition of the centralized-discharging type seed metering device (2).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113776867A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-10 | 昆明理工大学 | Ditching-seed discharging single soil box test bench |
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Application publication date: 20201215 |