CN112084562A - BIM-based fire drill method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to a BIM-based fire fighting drilling method, which comprises the steps of collecting structural data among different buildings through a three-dimensional scanning device, restoring a matched building structural model according to the data collected by the three-dimensional scanning device through a BIM building system, designing fire fighting evacuation routes according to different building structures on the premise of ensuring personal safety in a safety area near a fire, optimally selecting evacuation parameters of different fire fighting routes, and finally selecting a fire fighting drilling scheme most suitable for the buildings and storing the fire fighting drilling scheme into a BIM database. The invention has scientific structure, time and labor saving and can finally evolve an optimized fire-fighting drilling scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire fighting, in particular to a BIM-based fire fighting drill method.
Background
The BIM (building Information modeling) technology is firstly proposed by Autodesk company in 2002, has been widely recognized in the world, can help to realize the integration of building Information, and all kinds of Information are always integrated in a three-dimensional model Information database from the design, construction and operation of a building to the end of the whole life cycle of the building, and personnel of design teams, construction units, facility operation departments, owners and the like can perform cooperative work based on the BIM, thereby effectively improving the working efficiency, saving resources, reducing the cost and realizing sustainable development. The core of BIM is to provide a complete building engineering information base consistent with the actual situation for a virtual building engineering three-dimensional model by establishing the model and utilizing the digital technology. The information base not only contains geometrical information, professional attributes and state information describing building components, but also contains state information of non-component objects (such as space and motion behaviors). By means of the three-dimensional model containing the construction engineering information, the information integration degree of the construction engineering is greatly improved, and therefore a platform for engineering information exchange and sharing is provided for related interest parties of the construction engineering project. BIM has the following characteristics: the method can be applied to design and can also be applied to the whole life cycle of construction engineering projects; the design by BIM belongs to digital design; the BIM database is dynamically changed and is continuously updated, enriched and enriched in the application process; and a collaborative platform is provided for all parties participating in the project. In the research and development of the BIM standard in China, a research group has already obtained staged results.
In recent years, the field of BIM application is increasing, but the application to the field of fire drill has not been substantially developed, and building information of buildings is collected by using the BIM, and then a fire prevention and execution scheme is designed, so that an important way for executing an actual operation scheme of an actual fire site is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a BIM-based fire drill method to solve the problems in the background art.
The invention relates to a BIM-based fire drill method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
S1digitally scanning the interior rooms and fire-fighting passageways of a building requiring fire-fighting drill with a three-dimensional scanning device, and transmitting data collected by the three-dimensional scanning device to a BIM building facilityA database is calculated, and a building model matched with the internal rooms and the fire fighting access of the building to be exercised is designed through a BIM building design system;
S2designing a fire drill scheme aiming at different building models, analyzing model data among the buildings in the step S1, carrying out independent statistical design on different corners and fire hydrant position data in the buildings, and marking specific positions of a fire hydrant, a fire fighting device, a fire fighting water lifting pump, a refuge layer, a fire early warning device and an escape channel in different conditions of each floor in the buildings;
S3firstly, carrying out primary personnel evacuation and starting a fire extinguishing early warning scheme on a disaster area with a fire disaster among buildings, then carrying out secondary evacuation on an area with a large fire disaster influence, and then not starting an emergency scheme on a relatively safe floor or an area without influence;
S4the evacuation route is specifically designed for different fire areas and the severity of the fire, and different evacuation route designs are designed for the fire in different apartment types and public areas with different serial numbers among buildings.
Further, in step S1After the BIM building design library receives the data acquired by the three-dimensional scanning device on the internal structure of the building, when a building model matched with the internal structure of the building is designed through a BIM building design system, the installation position of the fire early warning device and the installation position of the indication mark for fire escape are marked and designed according to the room position structure in the building.
Further, in step S3-S4In the method, aiming at different fire occurrence areas, the severity of the fire and the spreading trend of the fire, a heavy disaster area, a dangerous area and a safety area are timely divided, and aiming at room numbers with different sequence numbers of floors of the heavy disaster area, the dangerous area and the safety area, the shouting is reminded and personnel are guided to be timely evacuated through a fire early warning device and a fire-fighting fire escape indication mark, and the method is used for fundamentally solving the problems that the prior art is inconvenient to carry out fire disaster and the likeAccording to the evacuation scheme, the evacuation personnel in batches are orderly evacuated, so that the phenomenon of trampling in disorder is avoided.
Furthermore, after a fire disaster occurs, different areas are timely divided, the areas responsible for workers to reach the designated areas are immediately arranged, meanwhile, the latest safety area, the dangerous area and the heavy disaster area of the fire disaster are timely updated according to the development and the spreading degree of the fire disaster, in the evacuation batch process, the workers responsible for each area timely report the latest evacuation condition, a general fire protection command part can conveniently mark the evacuation conditions of the safety area, the dangerous area and the heavy disaster area through a BIM building model, and the general fire protection command part can adjust the evacuation scheme in real time according to different conditions of the safety area, the dangerous area and the heavy disaster area.
Furthermore, the data collected by the three-dimensional scanning device further comprises the width, the length, the height and the type of the fire fighting device in the building, wherein the width, the length, the height and the type of the fire fighting device form an independent module in the BIM building design model, and can be disassembled to be replaced or copied to other positions in the building.
And further, performing drilling on different evacuation design schemes among different buildings in the BIM model, continuously selecting and optimizing, finally selecting the scheme most suitable for the buildings for determination and implementation, and performing on-site arrangement on the buildings according to various evacuation megaphone devices and fire emergency equipment on the BIM model according to the optimal evacuation mode of fire drilling.
And further, storing the finally optimized fire drilling scheme into a BIM model and a BIM database. In the design and the drilling of the evacuation scheme, different conditions of the evacuated persons are recorded, and meanwhile, evacuation time, evacuation speed and evacuation difficulty degree parameters of the evacuated persons are automatically calculated according to the long distance of the distance.
The BIM-based fire drill method has the beneficial effects that: the invention collects structural data among different buildings through the three-dimensional scanning device, then restores matched building structural models according to the data collected by the three-dimensional scanning device through the BIM building system, designs fire-fighting evacuation routes according to different building structures, optimally selects evacuation parameters of different fire-fighting routes, finally selects a fire-fighting drilling scheme most suitable for the buildings, and stores the fire-fighting drilling scheme in the BIM database. The invention has scientific structure, time and labor saving and can finally evolve an optimized fire-fighting drilling scheme.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, rather than the entire embodiments, and that all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without inventive work fall within the scope of the present application.
In this embodiment, a fire drill method based on BIM of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and includes the following steps:
S1carrying out digital scanning on an internal room and a fire fighting channel of a building needing fire fighting drill by using a three-dimensional scanning device, transmitting data acquired by the three-dimensional scanning device to a BIM (building information modeling) building design database, and designing a building model matched with the internal room and the fire fighting channel of the building needing drill by using a BIM building design system; the data collected by the three-dimensional scanning device comprises the length and the width of the corridor, the number of each room, the position and the orientation of the fan. And also includes information on the position of the hydrant and the fire-fighting tool.
S2Designing a fire drill scheme aiming at different building models, analyzing model data among the buildings in the step S1, carrying out independent statistical design on different corners and fire hydrant position data in the buildings, and marking specific positions of a fire hydrant, a fire fighting device, a fire fighting water lifting pump, a refuge layer, a fire early warning device and an escape channel in different conditions of each floor in the buildings;
S3concrete design fire-fighting drillFirstly, carrying out primary personnel evacuation and starting a fire extinguishing early warning scheme on a heavily-stricken area with fire among the buildings, then carrying out secondary evacuation on an area with greater fire influence, and then not starting an emergency scheme on a relatively safe floor or an area without influence; the fire-fighting early warning scheme is comprehensively designed according to the information of the positions of fire hydrants in buildings, the positions of corridors, the number, the concentration and the orientation of rooms and the types and the number of fire-fighting equipment, so that the fire-fighting equipment is protected to extinguish fire and the fire fighters are also protected to evacuate safely, and if the purpose cannot be achieved, another evacuation scheme is designed.
S4The evacuation route is specifically designed for different fire areas and the severity of the fire, and different evacuation route designs are designed for the fire in different apartment types and public areas with different serial numbers among buildings.
In this embodiment, in step S1After the BIM building design library receives the data acquired by the three-dimensional scanning device on the internal structure of the building, when a building model matched with the internal structure of the building is designed through a BIM building design system, the installation position of the fire early warning device and the installation position of the indication mark for fire escape are marked and designed according to the room position structure in the building.
In this embodiment, in step S3-S4In the method, a heavy disaster area, a dangerous area and a safety area are timely divided according to different fire occurrence areas, the severity of the fire and the spreading trend of the fire, the room numbers of different sequence numbers of floors of the heavy disaster area, the dangerous area and the safety area remind shouting and guide staff to evacuate timely through a fire early warning device and a fire escape indication mark, evacuation staff in batches are orderly carried out according to an evacuation scheme, and the phenomenon of trampling in disorder is avoided.
In the embodiment, after a fire disaster occurs, after different areas are timely divided, the areas responsible for workers to reach the designated areas are immediately arranged, meanwhile, the latest safety area, the latest danger area and the latest disaster area of the fire disaster are timely updated according to the development and the spreading degree of the fire disaster, in the evacuation batch process, the workers responsible for each area timely report the latest evacuation condition, a general fire protection command part can conveniently mark the evacuation conditions of the safety area, the danger area and the latest disaster area through a BIM (building information modeling) building model, and the general fire protection command part can adjust the evacuation scheme in real time according to different conditions of the safety area, the danger area and the latest disaster area.
In this embodiment, three-dimensional scanning device data collection still includes the width, length, the height of the inside fire control passageway of building and the kind of fire control device, the width, length, the height of fire control passageway and the kind of fire control device form the independent module in the BIM architectural design model, can dismantle the change or duplicate other positions between the building.
In this embodiment, carry out the different evacuation design schemes between different buildings in BIM architectural design's model and drill, constantly select and optimize, finally select the scheme that is most suitable for the building to confirm and implement, carry out according to the optimal evacuation mode of fire control drill and carry out the field layout between the building according to various evacuation propaganda directed to communicate device, fire control emergency equipment on the BIM model.
In this embodiment, the finally optimized fire drilling scheme is stored in the BIM model and the BIM database. In the design and the drilling of the evacuation scheme, different conditions of the evacuated persons are recorded, and meanwhile, evacuation time, evacuation speed and evacuation difficulty degree parameters of the evacuated persons are automatically calculated according to the long distance of the distance.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (8)
1. A BIM-based fire drill method specifically comprises the following steps:
S1carrying out digital scanning on an internal room and a fire fighting channel of a building needing fire fighting drill by using a three-dimensional scanning device, transmitting data acquired by the three-dimensional scanning device to a BIM (building information modeling) building design database, and designing a building model matched with the internal room and the fire fighting channel of the building needing drill by using a BIM building design system;
S2designing a fire drilling scheme aiming at different building models, and performing step S1Analyzing model data among buildings, performing independent statistical design on position data of different corners and fire hydrants in the buildings, and labeling specific positions of the fire hydrants, fire fighting devices, floors of fire water lift pumps, refuge floors, fire early warning devices and escape passages in different conditions of each floor in the buildings;
S3firstly, carrying out primary personnel evacuation and starting a fire extinguishing early warning scheme on a disaster area with a fire disaster among buildings, then carrying out secondary evacuation on an area with a large fire disaster influence, and then not starting an emergency scheme on a relatively safe floor or an area without influence;
S4the evacuation route is specifically designed for different fire areas and the severity of the fire, and different evacuation route designs are designed for the fire in different apartment types and public areas with different serial numbers among buildings.
2. The BIM-based fire drill method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S1After the BIM building design library receives the data acquired by the three-dimensional scanning device on the internal structure of the building, when a building model matched with the internal structure of the building is designed through a BIM building design system, the installation position of the fire early warning device and the installation position of the indication mark for fire escape are marked and designed according to the room position structure in the building.
3. The BIM-based fire drill method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S3-S4In the method, a heavy disaster area, a dangerous area and a safety area are timely divided according to different fire occurrence areas, the severity of the fire and the spreading trend of the fire, the room numbers of different sequence numbers of floors of the heavy disaster area, the dangerous area and the safety area remind shouting and guide staff to evacuate timely through a fire early warning device and a fire escape indication mark, evacuation staff in batches are orderly carried out according to an evacuation scheme, and the phenomenon of trampling in disorder is avoided.
4. The BIM-based fire drill method as recited in claim 3, wherein after a fire occurs, after different areas are timely divided, the areas responsible for workers to reach the designated areas are immediately arranged, and the latest fire safety area, dangerous area and heavy disaster area are timely updated according to the development and spread degree of the fire, during the evacuation batch, the workers responsible for each area timely report the latest evacuation situation, so that the fire control head can conveniently mark the personnel evacuation situations of the safety area, the dangerous area and the heavy disaster area through the BIM building model, and the fire control head can adjust the evacuation scheme in real time according to different situations of the safety area, the dangerous area and the heavy disaster area.
5. The BIM-based fire drill method as recited in claim 1, wherein the data collected by the three-dimensional scanning device further comprises the width, length, height of the fire fighting tunnel inside the building and the type of fire fighting device, and the width, length, height and type of fire fighting device form a separate module in the BIM architectural design model, and can be removably replaced or copied to other locations in the building room.
6. The BIM-based fire drill method as claimed in claim 1, wherein different evacuation design schemes between different buildings are performed in the BIM building design model, the selection and optimization are performed continuously, the scheme most suitable for the buildings is selected finally for determination and implementation, and the site layout between the buildings is performed according to various evacuation megaphone devices and fire emergency equipment on the BIM model according to the optimal evacuation mode of the fire drill.
7. The BIM-based fire drill method as recited in claim 6, wherein the final optimized fire drill scenario is stored in the BIM model and the BIM database.
8. A BIM-based fire drill method as recited in claim 6, wherein in the design and drilling of the evacuation scheme, the different situations of the evacuated persons are recorded, and the evacuation time, speed and evacuation difficulty degree parameters of the evacuated persons are automatically calculated according to the distance of the distance.
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| CN114139243A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏中云筑智慧运维研究院有限公司 | BIM-based bridge fire emergency rescue method, terminal and storage medium |
| CN115310882A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-11-08 | 北京晨豪科技有限公司 | Visual fire-fighting strategy planning method and system |
| CN115774897A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-03-10 | 广东建准检测技术有限公司 | Building structure detection method and system based on BIM |
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| CN115774897A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-03-10 | 广东建准检测技术有限公司 | Building structure detection method and system based on BIM |
| CN115774897B (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-05-09 | 广东建准检测技术有限公司 | Building structure detection method and system based on BIM |
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