CN112083499A - Comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ore - Google Patents
Comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and a comprehensive geophysical well logging system for searching metal ores. According to the invention, the A pole is arranged in the detection well, the electric field signals of bedrock and ore body are enhanced by utilizing the underground charging mode, the situation that ground power supply current is difficult to penetrate through a low-resistance thick covering layer is avoided, the discrimination of the thin-layer ore body attitude of a thick covering area is realized, the measurement of different directions of different depths is completed by adopting the measuring poles M in different directions at one time, a probe is not needed to be used for multiple underground measurement, the working efficiency of finding ore is improved, the depth of an ore deposit, the thickness of the ore deposit and the attitude of the ore deposit are determined by adopting a visual analysis method and a residual potential anomaly method, and the simultaneous measurement of the depth of the ore deposit, the thickness of the ore deposit and the attitude.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of physical logging, in particular to a comprehensive geophysical logging method and a comprehensive geophysical logging system for searching metal ores.
Background
Because the types of metal ore deposit are many, the thickness of the ore body is greatly changed. Both huge and thin seams of less than 5 meters thick. Many metal ore bodies are produced in a layered or vein shape, the ore bed is thin, the ore finding difficulty is high, the thin metal ore is found in a thick coverage area with higher difficulty, the ore body signal under the coverage area is weak, geophysical prospecting abnormity is difficult to find, the ore is easy to leak in drilling verification, and particularly, the mineralized altered zone controlled by the structure has broken drilling lithology and low mining heart rate, and the ore is easy to leak.
When metal ore is drilled, the mining heart rate is difficult to reach 100%, the conditions of leaking ore layers and insufficient mining heart rate often occur, a geophysical prospecting well logging method needs to be applied, the position of the drilled and leaked ore layers is searched, the thickness of the ore layers is determined, the attitude of the ore layers is judged, and even blind ore bodies around a well or at the bottom of the well need to be searched.
According to the requirements in the specification of geophysical logging of metal ores (DZ/T0297-2017): "all the boreholes for dividing and checking the geological section of the borehole and determining the boundary, structure and thickness of the mineral layer can select the apparent resistivity, the sliding contact current method, the electrode potential, the induced polarization method, the magnetic susceptibility, the natural gamma, the gamma-gamma (density) and so on"; "three-component magnetic test should be selected for the drilling of various ferromagnetic ore bodies …"; "induced polarization method in well for drilling of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc ore body which is more enriched with massive and dip-dyed metal sulfide ore body, …". Although various well logging methods are provided in the specification, a well logging method which can complete 3 tasks of finding a drilled and leaked mineral layer, detecting the thickness of the mineral layer and judging the attitude of the mineral layer by one borehole measurement is lacked.
For example, resistivity logging can measure the change of the resistivity of rock in a well, can divide and verify the geological profile of a drill hole, find a drilled and leaked mineral layer, determine the boundary position and thickness of the mineral layer, but cannot judge the occurrence of the mineral layer. According to the method, a winch is used for continuously lifting an electrode system probe in the well, the probe is used for measuring resistivity in the movement process, and errors exist in the position and thickness of a thin-layer ore body according to the resistivity. In addition, the detection depth of the access method is small, the influence of the lithologic nonuniformity of the surface layer of the drilled hole is large, the resistivity jumps abnormally, and the interpretation difficulty is large.
The in-well charging method is that electrodes are arranged on the exposed ends of well-conducting ore bodies in a well, power is supplied to the underground at fixed positions, electric field signals of the ore bodies are strong during charging, and equal potential bodies are formed. Through the measurement of the ground surface area potential or potential gradient, the spatial form and the occurrence of the ore body can be inferred on the basis of fully researching the distribution characteristics of the charging electric field. But cannot look for drilling the missed seam and cannot determine the thickness of the seam. The method has large workload, and also needs to firstly know the precondition of the accurate position of the well-conducting metal ore body outcrop in the well.
The four-direction induced polarization well logging method is a common geophysical prospecting method for tracing the trend of an ore body and determining the occurrence of an ore bed. The method has good application effect in the exposed area of the bedrock, but has poor application effect in the thick coverage area. The power supply method comprises the steps that power supply poles A and B are buried near a well site and at an infinite distance respectively, the poles A need to be laid for 5 times, the poles A are laid in 4 directions which are respectively arranged at the periphery of a well head and keep a certain distance from the well head, power is supplied to the ground respectively, the poles M and N need to move for 5 times in the well, the potential (gradient) and the polarization rate between the poles M and N in 5 directions are measured respectively, and according to the difference of potential gradient or polarization rate abnormal characteristics of each direction, the shape of an ore layer can be judged and a low-resistance blind ore body in the vicinity of the well can be searched. However, this method requires 5 downhole measurements and is inefficient. Furthermore, it is difficult to determine the attitude of the thin ore body when the method is applied in a thick coverage area. The reason is that the resistivity of the covering layer is low, the covering layer has a current shielding effect, ground power supply current is difficult to penetrate through the low-resistance thick covering layer, an electric field signal received by an ore body in bedrock is weak, a thin-layer ore body is difficult to display by potential gradient abnormity, the characteristic difference of each potential abnormity is not obvious, and the experiment result also proves that the situation is the same.
In summary, the existing geophysical prospecting technology needs to combine multiple methods for searching nonmagnetic metal ores (three elements of detection position, thickness and attitude) in a well, so that the production cost is high, the working efficiency is low, and more importantly, the thin-layer ore body attitude is difficult to distinguish in a thick coverage area. The resistivity logging method, the in-well charging method and the four-direction induced polarization logging method have technical characteristics, but all can not simultaneously complete 3 ore body exploration basic tasks of searching a drilling and leaking ore layer, detecting the thickness of the ore layer and judging the occurrence and the shape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and a comprehensive geophysical well logging system for searching metal ores so as to realize simultaneous measurement of the depth of an ore bed, the thickness of the ore bed and the yield of the ore bed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method of integrated physical logging, the logging method comprising the steps of:
arranging a charging electrode A of an excitation measuring system with a one-time multi-receiving function in a detection well, arranging an infinite-distance power supply electrode B in an infinite distance along the direction of a mineralization zone, uniformly arranging a plurality of measuring electrodes M of the excitation measuring system in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center of the measuring electrodes M, and arranging an infinite-distance measuring electrode N of the excitation measuring system in an infinite distance along the direction vertical to the mineralization zone;
moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well according to the sequence from bottom to top, and respectively measuring the potentials at different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions;
calculating the residual potential abnormality of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction;
determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials at different depths in each direction;
and determining the mineral layer occurrence of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
Optionally, the calculating the remaining potential anomaly in each direction according to the potentials at different depths in each direction specifically includes:
calculating a background abnormal average value of the electric potential in each direction according to the electric potentials at different depths in each direction;
calculating potential abnormality of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction;
and calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential abnormality and the background abnormality in each direction as the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
Optionally, according to the electric potentials at different depths in each direction, a visual analysis method is adopted to determine the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the exploration well, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
respectively drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction by taking the measured depth as a vertical coordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as a horizontal coordinate to form a hole depth potential cylindrical sectional view;
and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal potential rise boundary line on the hole depth potential cylindrical section.
Optionally, the determining the seam occurrence of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential anomaly in each direction specifically includes:
and comparing the residual potential abnormality in each direction, and determining the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality as the inclination direction of the ore body.
Optionally, the determining, according to the potentials at different depths in each direction, the depth and thickness of the seam at the position of the exploration well by using a visual analysis method further includes:
and carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials at different depths in each direction.
An integrated physical logging system, the logging system comprising:
the induced polarization measurement system arrangement module is used for arranging a charging electrode A of an induced polarization measurement system with a one-transmitting multi-receiving function in a detection well, arranging an infinite-distance power supply electrode B at an infinite distance along the direction of a mineralization zone, uniformly arranging a plurality of measurement electrodes M of the induced polarization measurement system in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center, and arranging an infinite-distance measurement electrode N of the induced polarization measurement system at an infinite distance along the direction vertical to the mineralization zone;
the measuring module is used for moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well according to the sequence from bottom to top, and measuring the potentials of different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions;
the residual potential abnormity calculation module is used for calculating residual potential abnormity in each direction according to potentials at different depths in each direction;
the ore bed depth and ore bed thickness determining module is used for determining the ore bed depth and the ore bed thickness of the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the electric potentials at different depths in each direction;
and the ore layer attitude determining module is used for determining the ore layer attitude of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
Optionally, the remaining potential abnormality calculating module specifically includes:
the background abnormal average value calculation submodule is used for calculating the background abnormal average value of the electric potential in each direction according to the electric potentials at different depths in each direction;
the potential anomaly calculation submodule is used for calculating potential anomaly of each direction according to potentials of different depths of each direction;
and the residual potential anomaly calculation submodule is used for calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential anomaly and the background anomaly in each direction as the residual potential anomaly in each direction.
Optionally, the module for determining the depth and thickness of the seam specifically includes:
the hole depth potential cylindrical sectional drawing submodule is used for drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction respectively by taking the measured depth as a vertical coordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as a horizontal coordinate to form a hole depth potential cylindrical sectional drawing;
and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal potential rise boundary line on the hole depth potential cylindrical section.
Optionally, the ore bed attitude determination module specifically includes:
and the ore layer occurrence determining submodule is used for comparing the residual potential abnormality in each direction and determining the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality as the inclination direction of the ore body.
Optionally, the logging system further includes:
and the normalization module is used for carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials at different depths in each direction.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and a comprehensive geophysical well logging system for searching metal ores. The charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a one-time multi-receiving function is arranged in a detection well, an infinite-distance power supply electrode B is arranged at an infinite distance along the direction of a mineralization zone, a plurality of measurement electrodes M of the excitation measurement system are uniformly arranged in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center respectively, and an infinite-distance measurement electrode N of the excitation measurement system is arranged at an infinite distance along the direction vertical to the mineralization zone; moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well according to the sequence from bottom to top, and respectively measuring the potentials at different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions; calculating the residual potential abnormality of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction; determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials at different depths in each direction; and determining the mineral layer occurrence of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction. According to the invention, the charging electrode A is arranged in the detection well, the electric field signals of bedrock and ore bodies are enhanced by utilizing an underground charging mode, the situation that ground power supply current is difficult to penetrate through a low-resistance thick covering layer is avoided, the discrimination of the thin-layer ore body attitude of a thick covering area is realized, the measurement of different directions of different depths is completed at one time by adopting the measuring electrodes M in different directions, a probe is not needed to be used for multiple underground measurement, the working efficiency of finding ores is improved, the depth of an ore deposit, the thickness of the ore deposit and the attitude of the ore deposit are determined by adopting a visual analysis method and a residual potential anomaly method, and the simultaneous measurement of the depth of the ore deposit, the thickness of the ore deposit and the attitude.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of integrated physical logging provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of an induced polarization measurement system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the movement of the charging electrode according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an integrated physical logging system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a hole depth potential pillar obtained according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a hole depth resistivity pillar provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of residual potential anomaly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of potential gradient anomaly of a four-direction laser well provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and a comprehensive geophysical well logging system for searching metal ores so as to realize simultaneous measurement of the depth of an ore bed, the thickness of the ore bed and the yield of the ore bed.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an integrated physical well logging method, as shown in fig. 1, the well logging method comprising the steps of:
101, arranging a charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a one-time multi-receiving function inside a detection well, arranging an infinite-distance power supply electrode B at an infinite distance along the direction of a mineralization zone, respectively centering a plurality of measurement electrodes M of the excitation measurement system on the well mouth of the detection well, uniformly arranging the measurement electrodes M at different directions around the well mouth of the detection well, and arranging an infinite-distance measurement electrode N of the excitation measurement system at an infinite distance along the direction vertical to the mineralization zone.
The induced polarization measurement system comprises a transmitter and a receiver. The device for realizing the method of the invention also comprises a power supply and a cable. The charging electrode is a copper bar electrode or a high-resolution eccentric wall-attached electrode, and the high-resolution eccentric wall-attached electrode has the characteristics of thin electrode contact surface and high resolution, and can improve the accuracy of detecting a thin-layer ore body and the ore searching effect.
Therefore, the invention is mainly based on the principle that the four-direction induced polarization well logging method judges the mineral layer attitude, and simultaneously takes the technical characteristics that the absorption resistivity well logging method can search a drilled and leaked mineral layer and determine the thickness of the mineral layer and the electric field signal intensity of the well charging method into consideration, and the four-direction induced polarization well logging method is improved into the four-direction measurement charging well logging method, so that the well logging method which can complete 3 tasks of searching the drilled and leaked mineral layer (the depth of the mineral layer), detecting the thickness of the mineral layer and judging the mineral layer attitude by one-time well measurement is realized. Specifically, the ground power supply of the four-direction induced polarization logging method is changed into in-well charging, so that electric field signals of bedrocks and ore bodies are enhanced; the multi-time downhole measurement of the probe is changed into one-time downhole measurement, the searching of an ore bed and the potential measurement in multiple directions (four directions in the specific embodiment of the invention) are completed simultaneously, and the problem of accurate butt joint of a charging electrode and a thin ore body in a well does not exist.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the invention changes a moving measurement electrode MN in a well of a four-direction induced polarization well logging method into a charging electrode a, changes a ground four-direction fixed power supply electrode a (a1, a2, A3, a4) into a four-direction measurement electrode M (M1, M2, M3, M4), and arranges an "infinite" power supply electrode B in a mineralization zone direction, and the OB is parallel to the mineralization zone direction (O is a well head position), and the BO direction is specified to be a 0 ° direction, is irrelevant to a geographical coordinate position, and is only relevant to the mineralization zone direction. An "infinity" measurement electrode N is provided, ON perpendicular to OB.
The measuring electrodes M1, M2, M3 and M4 are distributed in directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees by taking the BO direction as 0 degree direction and taking the well mouth as the center (the O point, the O point is flat with the ground surface, and the position of the charging electrode A in the well below the O point) and 100 meters away from the well mouth; n is an 'infinite' measuring electrode, and is generally more than 1000m or more than 3-5 times of hole depth from a well head; a is a well power supply electrode, B is an 'infinite' power supply electrode, and the depth of the hole is generally more than 1000m or more than 3-5 times of the depth of the hole from a well mouth; OB is arranged in parallel to the mineralization zone direction, and ON is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the OB direction.
And 102, moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well according to the sequence from bottom to top, and respectively measuring the potentials at different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions.
As shown in FIG. 3, in operation, the charging electrode A moves in the well to charge point by point, and the potential during charging is measured at four electrode points (M1, M2, M3 and M4) on the ground surface.
103, calculating the residual potential abnormality of each direction according to the potentials at different depths of each direction;
due to the fact that geological structures have non-uniformity and the anisotropic difference of stratum conduction, and the fact that an infinite N pole and an infinite B pole cannot be really placed at infinite distances, measured potential abnormality has systematic direction errors, the systematic direction errors exist, the systematic direction errors need to be eliminated by means of solving residual abnormality, the state of an ore layer is judged according to the residual abnormality difference in each direction, and the direction with the lower residual potential is the inclination direction of an ore body. The method specifically comprises the following steps: since it is difficult to keep the supply voltage at 500V stable, the measurement potential is first subjected to voltage normalization to eliminate the influence of supply voltage variation. The normalization processing method comprises the following steps: and adjusting the potential of each measuring point in equal proportion according to the variation amplitude of the actual output voltage of each measuring point when the voltage is higher or lower than 500V during power supply, and unifying the voltage condition to 500V.
And respectively drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction by taking the measured depth as a vertical coordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as a horizontal coordinate to form a hole depth potential cylindrical sectional view (see fig. 5). When the potential curve is obviously increased or decreased, the potential is called potential abnormality. Calculating the average value of the electric potentials of the measuring points near the electric potential abnormality in each direction (background abnormality average value), subtracting the background abnormality average value from the electric potential in each direction to obtain the residual electric potential abnormal value, and accordingly drawing a hole depth residual electric potential curve in each direction, namely a residual electric potential abnormal graph (as shown in fig. 7).
104, determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials at different depths in each direction;
the change of the ground potential during charging at different depths reflects the change of the lithology of the stratum in the hole. In a charging logging method system, the power supply voltage is stable and unchanged, the measuring electrode MN is fixed and unchanged, and the pole B for supplying power at infinity is unchanged in solid, only the charging electrode A in a hole moves and changes, and the change of the ground potential can only be caused by the change of geological conditions caused by the movement of the charging electrode A in the hole.
Low resistivity of ore body or mineralized altered band (<5X 10. omega. m) and high surrounding rock resistivity (>5×103Ω · m) that differ by up to 2 orders of magnitude. When the charging electrode A enters an ore body and a low-resistance region from a high-resistance region of surrounding rock, the contact resistance between the electrode A and the hole wall is suddenly reduced, the total resistance in the AB power supply circuit is suddenly reduced, and the current in the stratum is suddenly increased during voltage stabilization power supply. Since the resistance between the measurement electrodes MN is basically stable, the current in the formation suddenly increases, and it is known from ohm's law (V ═ R × I) that the potential of MN inevitably increases suddenly and will suddenly increaseHowever, high potential abnormality occurs, the boundary of the abnormality is clear, and the strength is high. So that low resistivity mineral deposits or altered zones can be identified. The larger the size of the ore body, the stronger the potential anomaly. Vice versa, the smaller the ore body size is, the weaker the potential anomaly is, the potential anomaly cannot be caused by local punctiform mineralization and drill surface lithology nonuniformity, and the potential curve has no basic jump anomaly and is easy to explain.
And 105, determining the ore bed attitude of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
When the charging electrode A is contacted with the low-resistance ore body or the mineralization alteration zone, an equipotential body is formed in the low-resistance ore body or the mineralization alteration zone. The potential body has a large spatial distribution range, and the distance between the potential body and the measuring electrode is reduced. If the ore body or the mineralization alteration zone is an inclined plate-shaped body, the distances between the measuring points in different directions (M1, M2, M3 and M4) and the ore body are different (see figure 3), the potential at each measuring point has different levels, the potential at the closer point is relatively high, and the potential at the farther point is relatively low, which is the theoretical basis for judging the mineral layer attitude by the four-direction potential measurement charging logging method. The power supply lines OB are arranged in the direction parallel to the mineralization zone, the BO direction is 0 degree, the measuring electrodes M1, M2, M3 and M4 are respectively arranged in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees, theoretically, the potential of M1 is approximately equal to the potential of M2, the potential of M3 is approximately equal to the potential of M4, the potentials of M3 and M4 are greater than the potentials of M1 and M2, and the trend of the mineral layer is easy to distinguish.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention also provides an integrated physical logging system, comprising:
an induced polarization measurement system arrangement module 401, configured to arrange a charging electrode a of an induced polarization measurement system having a one-to-many receiving function inside a detection well, arrange an infinite-distance power supply electrode B at an infinite distance along a direction of a mineralization zone, and evenly arrange a plurality of measurement electrodes M of the induced polarization measurement system in different directions around a wellhead of the detection well with the wellhead of the detection well as a center of the measurement electrodes M, and arrange an infinite-distance measurement electrode N of the induced polarization measurement system at an infinite distance along a direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone;
the measuring module is used for moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom 402 of the detection well according to the sequence from bottom to top, and measuring the potentials at different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions;
and a residual potential anomaly calculation module 403, configured to calculate a residual potential anomaly in each direction according to potentials at different depths in each direction.
The remaining potential abnormality calculating module 403 specifically includes: the background abnormal average value calculation submodule is used for calculating the background abnormal average value of the electric potential in each direction according to the electric potentials at different depths in each direction; the potential anomaly calculation submodule is used for calculating potential anomaly of each direction according to potentials of different depths of each direction; and the residual potential anomaly calculation submodule is used for calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential anomaly and the background anomaly in each direction as the residual potential anomaly in each direction.
A mineral seam depth and thickness determining module 404, configured to determine, according to potentials at different depths in each direction, a mineral seam depth and a mineral seam thickness at a position where the exploration well is located by using a visual analysis method;
the module 404 for determining the depth and thickness of the seam specifically includes: the hole depth potential cylindrical sectional drawing submodule is used for drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction respectively by taking the measured depth as a vertical coordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as a horizontal coordinate to form a hole depth potential cylindrical sectional drawing; and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal potential rise boundary line on the hole depth potential cylindrical section.
And an ore layer attitude determination module 405, configured to determine an ore layer attitude at the position of the detection well according to the remaining potential anomaly in each direction.
The ore layer attitude determination module 405 specifically includes: and the ore layer occurrence determining submodule is used for comparing the residual potential abnormality in each direction and determining the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality as the inclination direction of the ore body.
As a preferred embodiment, the well logging system further comprises: and the normalization module is used for carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials at different depths in each direction.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and a comprehensive geophysical well logging system for searching metal ores. The charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a one-time multi-receiving function is arranged in a detection well, an infinite-distance power supply electrode B is arranged at an infinite distance along the direction of a mineralization zone, a plurality of measurement electrodes M of the excitation measurement system are uniformly arranged in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center respectively, and an infinite-distance measurement electrode N of the excitation measurement system is arranged at an infinite distance along the direction vertical to the mineralization zone; moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well according to the sequence from bottom to top, and respectively measuring the potentials at different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions; calculating the residual potential abnormality of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction; determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials at different depths in each direction; and determining the mineral layer occurrence of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction. According to the invention, the A pole is arranged in the detection well, the electric field signals of bedrock and ore body are enhanced by utilizing the underground charging mode, the situation that ground power supply current is difficult to penetrate through a low-resistance thick covering layer is avoided, the discrimination of the thin-layer ore body attitude of a thick covering area is realized, the measurement of different directions of different depths is completed by adopting the measuring poles M in different directions at one time, a probe is not needed to be used for multiple underground measurement, the working efficiency of finding ore is improved, the depth of an ore deposit, the thickness of the ore deposit and the attitude of the ore deposit are determined by adopting a visual analysis method and a residual potential anomaly method, and the simultaneous measurement of the depth of the ore deposit, the thickness of the ore deposit and the attitude.
To illustrate the technical effects of the method and system of the present invention, the present invention provides the following specific real-time manner.
The invention selects a gold mine integral survey area for testing, the gold mine integral survey area is a typical fourth series thick coverage area, the thickness of a covering layer is 80-160m, the tectonic altered rock type gold mine is arranged in bedrock, and the mineralization zone runs 30-45 degrees in the northeast. The test drilling number of the tool is ZK2002, the hole depth is 650.15m, the construction caliber of the drilling hole is 76mm, and the geological conditions in the hole are as follows:
the depth of the hole is 0-98.65 m, the hole is of the fourth series, the main lithology is sand, clay and the like, the hole is rich in underground water, the resistivity is low and is about 20-50 omega.m; matrix rock is arranged below 98.65 m to the bottom of the hole, main lithology is metamorphic rocks such as anterior chilly and armed system angle-sudden strain gneiss, metamorphic rocks and inclined long angle-sudden strain rocks, and the resistivity of the rock physical specimen in the integrally-installed exploration area is 2000-6000 omega.m; a layer of gold-containing mineralized altered rock is arranged at the position with the hole depth of 378.18-388.95m, the apparent thickness is 10.77m, the main lithology is green mud yellow iron mineralized long-angle amphimorph gneiss, galena vein and lead-zinc mineralized quartz vein are filled, the average grade is Pb3.2%, Au0.74g/t, the content of local vein is high, the maximum Pb is 72.9%, and the maximum Au is 9.17 g/t. The conductivity of the mineralized altered rock is good, the resistivity of the mineralized altered rock in the integrally installed exploration area is about 50 omega m, and the measured apparent resistivity of a resistivity log is 10-50 omega m. The charge logging method test is carried out between the hole depth of 360-500 m.
Step 1, configuring the equipment
(1) A host computer: the induced polarization measurement system (comprising a DJF15-1A transmitter system and a DJS-9 receiver) produced by Chongqing geological instrument factories in the interior has the functions of transmitting by one transmitter and receiving by multiple receivers.
(2) A downhole cable: an insulated armored cable, specially made by a first cable plant in Shanghai;
(3) charging electrode: a copper rod electrode.
And 2, arranging a field electrode and observing a potential.
The electrode layout is as in figure 2. The power supply electrodes AB are respectively arranged in the well (A pole) and at the infinite position (B pole). The power supply lines OB are arranged in parallel to the direction of the mineralization belt in the test area. The 'infinity' pole B uses a copper braided belt and is buried in the soil, the charging pole A uses a copper bar electrode, and the well is charged.
The measuring electrodes MN are respectively arranged at the periphery of the wellhead (M pole) and at the infinite distance (N pole). The arrangement direction of the 'infinity' N pole is vertical to the arrangement direction of the 'infinity' B pole, namely ON is vertical to OB. The number of the measuring electrodes M is 4 (M1, M2, M3, M4), and the measuring electrodes M are respectively arranged in four directions (45 °, 135 °, 225 °, 315 °) at a distance of 100M from the wellhead, with the wellhead (O point position) as the center and OB being in the 0 ° direction. The measuring electrodes are all embedded in the soil by using solid non-electrode electrodes.
And (5) field observation. Before logging, the drill hole is flushed by a water pump of the drilling machine, so that the resistivity of the pore liquid is improved. During logging, the A pole (copper rod electrode) firstly descends to the bottom of the hole, then the A pole and the copper rod electrode move upwards from the bottom of the hole to perform voltage stabilization charging point by point, the charging voltage is 500V, the charging time is 4 seconds, and the potentials of M1, M2, M3 and M4 are measured simultaneously on the ground. The distance between charging points in the well is 5m, and the distance between the charging points is encrypted to 1m when high potential abnormality is found.
Step 3, processing the measured data and interpreting the abnormality
1. Drawing a four-azimuth hole deep potential cylindrical section to explain the position and thickness of the mineral layer.
The power supply voltage is difficult to keep 500V stable, and the voltage normalization processing is firstly carried out on the measurement potential to eliminate the influence of the change of the power supply voltage. The normalization processing method comprises the following steps: and adjusting the potential of each measuring point in equal proportion according to the variation amplitude of the actual output voltage of each measuring point when the voltage is higher or lower than 500V during power supply, and unifying the voltage condition to 500V.
And respectively drawing 4 pore depth potential curves in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees by taking the depth of the electrode during charging as a vertical coordinate and the normalized charging point measurement potential as a horizontal coordinate to form a cylindrical sectional view.
Test results show that an obvious potential rise abnormality is generated at the position with the hole depth of 378-389m, the potential rise abnormality is about 1 time higher than the background value, the abnormal boundary is clear, the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the abnormality is about 11m, the abnormality is interpreted as being caused by low-resistance mineralized altered rock and is consistent with the position of known gold-containing mineralized altered rock at the position with the hole depth of 378.18-388.95m, and the distance between the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the abnormality is the thickness of an ore bed and is about 11 m. The results are consistent with the results of conventional resistivity method detection as shown in fig. 5. The conventional resistivity method has a significant low resistance anomaly at the hole depth 370-.
2. And calculating potential residual abnormity and judging the occurrence of the ore bed. Due to the heterogeneity of geological structures and the anisotropic difference of stratum conduction, and the fact that the N pole at infinity and the B pole at infinity cannot be really placed at infinity, M1, M2, M3 and M4 have great difference relative to the positions of the B pole at infinity and the N pole at infinity. Due to the existence of the factors, systematic direction errors exist in measured potential abnormalities, for example, the potentials in the directions of 225 degrees and 315 degrees of the ZK2002 hole are obviously higher than the potentials in the directions of 45 degrees and 135 degrees, the mineralization band tendency is difficult to distinguish directly according to the potential abnormality of the charge logging method, and the systematic direction errors can be eliminated only by calculating the residual potential abnormality.
The residual potential abnormality calculation method comprises the following steps: the average value of the potential background abnormality in each direction is calculated first, and the potential abnormality in each direction is subtracted from the background abnormality in each direction, so that the remaining potential abnormality in each direction can be obtained, as shown in fig. 7.
And judging the occurrence of the ore layer according to the abnormal residual potential, wherein the trend of the ore layer is consistent with the direction of the mineralization zone, and the trend of the ore layer is determined according to the height of the residual potential. The buried depth of the residual potential high ore layer is shallow, and the buried depth of the residual potential low ore layer is deep, namely the direction of the residual potential is the inclined direction of the ore body.
The residual potential in the ZK2002 hole direction of 225 degrees (M3) and 315 degrees (M3) is higher than the residual potential in the direction of 45 degrees (M1) and 135 degrees (M2), so that the mineralized and altered rock tendency is judged to be in the directions of M1 and M2, and M1 and M2 are actually positioned in the southeast direction of the drilled hole and are consistent with the actual situation that the mineralized zone in a mining area tends to the northeast of 30 degrees to 45 degrees and tends to the southeast of the mining area.
The test result also shows that no potential (gradient) abnormality is found on the mineralization zone of the thick coverage area four-direction induced polarization logging method as shown in fig. 8, and E, S, W, N four-direction abnormality is not the difference characteristic, so that the mineralization zone occurrence cannot be judged, as shown in fig. 8.
The equivalent embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the equivalent embodiments can be referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principle and the implementation manner of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples, the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated physical logging method, comprising the steps of:
arranging a charging electrode A of an excitation measuring system with a one-time multi-receiving function in a detection well, arranging an infinite-distance power supply electrode B in an infinite distance along the direction of a mineralization zone, uniformly arranging a plurality of measuring electrodes M of the excitation measuring system in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center of the measuring electrodes M, and arranging an infinite-distance measuring electrode N of the excitation measuring system in an infinite distance along the direction vertical to the mineralization zone;
moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well according to the sequence from bottom to top, and respectively measuring the potentials at different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions;
calculating the residual potential abnormality of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction;
determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials at different depths in each direction;
and determining the mineral layer occurrence of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
2. The integrated physical well logging method according to claim 1, wherein said calculating the remaining potential anomalies for each direction from potentials at different depths for each direction comprises:
calculating a background abnormal average value of the electric potential in each direction according to the electric potentials at different depths in each direction;
calculating potential abnormality of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction;
and calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential abnormality and the background abnormality in each direction as the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
3. The comprehensive physical well logging method according to claim 1, wherein the visual analysis method is adopted to determine the depth and thickness of the seam at the position of the exploration well according to the potentials at different depths in each direction, and specifically comprises:
respectively drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction by taking the measured depth as a vertical coordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as a horizontal coordinate to form a hole depth potential cylindrical sectional view;
and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal potential rise boundary line on the hole depth potential cylindrical section.
4. The integrated physical well logging method according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the pay of the seam at the location of the exploration well according to the residual potential anomaly in each direction comprises:
and comparing the residual potential abnormality in each direction, and determining the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality as the inclination direction of the ore body.
5. The integrated physical well logging method according to claim 1, wherein the visual analysis method is used to determine the depth and thickness of the seam at the position of the exploration well according to the potentials at different depths in each direction, and the method further comprises the following steps:
and carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials at different depths in each direction.
6. An integrated physical logging system, comprising:
the induced polarization measurement system arrangement module is used for arranging a charging electrode A of an induced polarization measurement system with a one-transmitting multi-receiving function in a detection well, arranging an infinite-distance power supply electrode B at an infinite distance along the direction of a mineralization zone, uniformly arranging a plurality of measurement electrodes M of the induced polarization measurement system in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center, and arranging an infinite-distance measurement electrode N of the induced polarization measurement system at an infinite distance along the direction vertical to the mineralization zone;
the measuring module is used for moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well according to the sequence from bottom to top, and measuring the potentials of different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions;
the residual potential abnormity calculation module is used for calculating residual potential abnormity in each direction according to potentials at different depths in each direction;
the ore bed depth and ore bed thickness determining module is used for determining the ore bed depth and the ore bed thickness of the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the electric potentials at different depths in each direction;
and the ore layer attitude determining module is used for determining the ore layer attitude of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
7. The integrated physical logging system of claim 6, wherein the residual potential anomaly calculation module specifically comprises:
the background abnormal average value calculation submodule is used for calculating the background abnormal average value of the electric potential in each direction according to the electric potentials at different depths in each direction;
the potential anomaly calculation submodule is used for calculating potential anomaly of each direction according to potentials of different depths of each direction;
and the residual potential anomaly calculation submodule is used for calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential anomaly and the background anomaly in each direction as the residual potential anomaly in each direction.
8. The integrated physical logging system of claim 6, wherein said seam depth and seam thickness determination module specifically comprises:
the hole depth potential cylindrical sectional drawing submodule is used for drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction respectively by taking the measured depth as a vertical coordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as a horizontal coordinate to form a hole depth potential cylindrical sectional drawing;
and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal potential rise boundary line on the hole depth potential cylindrical section.
9. The integrated physical logging system of claim 6, wherein said mineral seam attitude determination module comprises:
and the ore layer occurrence determining submodule is used for comparing the residual potential abnormality in each direction and determining the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality as the inclination direction of the ore body.
10. The integrated physical logging system of claim 6, further comprising:
and the normalization module is used for carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials at different depths in each direction.
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| CN113050182A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-06-29 | 安徽省勘查技术院(安徽省地质矿产勘查局能源勘查中心) | Water area geomagnetic field observation method and system |
| CN113050182B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2024-03-01 | 安徽省勘查技术院(安徽省地质矿产勘查局能源勘查中心) | Method and system for observing geomagnetic field in water area |
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