CN111208571B - Well-ground combined detection method for multilayer mining water accumulation area - Google Patents
Well-ground combined detection method for multilayer mining water accumulation area Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
- G01V3/081—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices the magnetic field is produced by the objects or geological structures
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/26—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device
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Abstract
The invention discloses a well-ground combined detection method for a multilayer mined-out water accumulation area, which is a combined application of a ground electric method and a downhole electric method. The specific implementation steps are as follows: firstly, determining electrical methods such as a ground transient electromagnetic method, a downhole transient electromagnetic method, a ground induced polarization method, a downhole induced polarization method and the like; secondly, performing connectivity calculation on the multilayer goaf of the coal seam according to geological data and coal seam mining records of the detection area; designing a combination form of the electrical method again according to the connectivity calculation result; then carrying out underground and ground electrical method measuring line arrangement and underground transient electromagnetic method detection direction design; and finally, data acquisition, data processing and comprehensive interpretation are carried out. The invention can realize layered identification and accurate detection of the multilayer goaf water accumulation area, reduce the multi-solution of the common electrical method, improve the accuracy of the prediction result, optimize the position of the drainage hole and the drilling target, improve the drainage effect and ensure the safe production of the coal mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a well-ground combined detection method of a multilayer mining water accumulation area, in particular to a ground and underground transient electromagnetic method detection technology and a ground and underground induced polarization method detection technology; the method is mainly applied to the detection field of the overlying multilayer mining water accumulation area.
Background
The accumulated water in the goaf is one of the main reasons for inducing the accident of the super-large water burst disaster of the coal mine in China. After the coal mine is mined layer by layer from a shallow part to a deep part, a water accumulation area is often formed in a mined-out area of an upper coal seam, and potential safety hazards are brought to the production of a lower coal seam. The detection of the multilayer mined-out water accumulation area becomes an important essential work for preventing and controlling water in the coal mine.
At present, the technology for detecting the mined-out water-retention area of the coal mine at home and abroad mainly comprises the following steps: direct-current resistivity sounding method, induced polarization method, transient electromagnetic method, etc. When a plurality of layers of mining-empty water accumulation areas exist, the main technical problems of the existing detection method are as follows:
(1) the most used method at present is a ground transient electromagnetic method or an underground transient electromagnetic method, and because the method is single, the multi-solution problem of the result is serious, the low-resistance abnormal area is explained too much and too large, and the accuracy rate of the ore side verification is low;
(2) when the terrain is complex, the terrain correction problems of a ground direct current resistivity sounding method and an electric section method are difficult to solve, and the terrain correction of a ground transient electromagnetic method is incomplete, so that the interpretation results are subjected to misinterpretation and missing interpretation;
(3) when the ground has the interference of a high-voltage wire and the like, the data collected in the interference range are distorted, and the quality and the interpretation result of the data of the electric method such as a ground direct-current resistivity sounding method, an induced polarization method, a transient electromagnetic method and the like are influenced;
(4) when a plurality of layers of mining-empty water accumulation areas exist, the detection effect of the ground transient electromagnetic method is obviously influenced by the low-resistance shielding effect of the mining-empty water accumulation area at the uppermost layer, and the range of the mining-empty water accumulation area at the lower layer in the influence range is difficult to determine;
(5) when the underground transient electromagnetic method is constructed, the detection effect is influenced due to the complex electromagnetic environment in the roadway; when the transient electromagnetic method is used for upwards detecting the water accumulation areas of the plurality of layers of mining areas, the detection effect is obviously influenced by the low-resistance shielding effect of the water accumulation area of the lowest layer of mining area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a well-ground combined detection method for a multilayer mining empty water accumulation area, which can realize layered identification and accurate detection of the multilayer mining empty water accumulation area. Through reasonable combination, scientific design and comprehensive explanation of various detection methods, the multi-solution of the common electrical method is reduced, the accuracy of the predicted result is improved, the position of the drainage hole and the drilling target are optimized, the drainage effect is improved, and the safe production of the coal mine is guaranteed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a well-ground combined detection method of a multilayer mining empty water accumulation area, wherein a ground electric method is used for downward detection, a downhole electric method is used for upward detection, and at least one of the downhole and ground electric methods is selected respectively to realize the well-ground combined detection of the mining empty water accumulation area.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting an electrical method: the selection of the electrical method comprises a ground transient electromagnetic method, a ground induced polarization method, a downhole transient electromagnetic method or a downhole induced polarization method;
step two, calculating the connectivity of the mined-out coal seam: and calculating the maximum heights of the caving zone and the water flowing fractured zone according to the geological data of the detection area and the coal seam mining record, and analyzing and judging the connectivity among all layers of the mined coal seam.
And step three, a combination form of an electrical method. And designing a combination form of the electrical method according to the calculation result of the connectivity in the step two, and selecting at least one of the underground electrical method and the ground electrical method according to the specific number and the spatial relationship of the mined coal beds. Assuming that the number of mined empty coal layers is n, the number of coal layers in the water accumulation area is m (m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n), and the specific combination form is as follows:
s1: when m =1, namely only 1 mined coal seam contains water accumulation areas, 1 downhole and ground electrical method is selected respectively, such as a downhole transient electromagnetic method and a ground transient electromagnetic method;
s2: when m = n, namely, each mined-out coal seam contains an accumulated water area, 2 underground and ground electrical methods are selected respectively, such as an underground transient electromagnetic method, an underground induced polarization method, a ground transient electromagnetic method and a ground induced polarization method;
s3: and when m is more than 1 and less than n, namely a part of mined coal seams contain water accumulation areas, and 1-2 underground and ground electrical methods, such as an underground transient electromagnetic method, a ground transient electromagnetic method and a ground induced polarization method, can be flexibly selected according to the results of the step two.
Step four, measuring line arrangement: and (3) arranging survey lines on the upper and lower crossheading, the cutting hole, the connecting roadway and other roadways of the underground coal face, wherein the plane positions of the survey lines of the underground transient electromagnetic method and the underground induced polarization method are the same, and the point distances are the same. The line measuring positions of the ground transient electromagnetic method and the ground induced polarization method are based on ground projection of underground line measuring, the line measuring positions extend to two sides according to fixed line distances, and the point distances are the same.
Step five, designing the detection direction: the ground electrical method is downward detection, and the underground electrical method is upward detection; the downhole transient electromagnetic method can detect upwards in multiple directions.
Step six, data acquisition and data processing: the various electrical methods are performed according to respective acquisition and processing specifications.
Step seven, comprehensive explanation: and comprehensively explaining underground geophysical prospecting results, ground geophysical prospecting results, coal mine hydrogeological data and coal mine excavation engineering data.
And (3) downward detection by using a ground electrical method, upward detection by using a downhole electrical method, and at least one of downhole and ground electrical methods are selected to realize well-ground combined detection of the mining water accumulation area.
The principle of selecting the combination form of the electrical method is to analyze the number of accumulated water layers according to the calculation result of the connectivity of the multilayer goaf.
The selection principle of the point distance and the line distance of the ground electrical method is that the point distance is less than or equal to 20m, and the line distance is less than or equal to 40 m; the point distance of the underground electrical method measuring points is not more than the point distance of the ground measuring points in principle.
When the underground transient electromagnetic method is used for upward detection, the detection direction (namely the normal direction of the emission frame) is designed according to the area of the detection target mined out coal seam and the position of the ground survey line, the principle is that the intersection line of the detection direction and the detection target mined out coal seam is superposed with the ground survey line at the projection position on the ground, and the detection direction angle is calculated by the following formula:
y-ground line spacing;
hand the distance between the position of the underground roadway measuring point and the target mined-out coal seam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize layered identification and accurate detection of the multilayer mined-out water accumulation area, reduces the multi-solution of the common electrical method, improves the accuracy of the prediction result, optimizes the position of the drainage hole and the drilling target, improves the drainage effect, ensures the safe production of the coal mine, and improves or eliminates the major potential safety hazard of coal mining.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the uphole and downhole wireline arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection direction design of the downhole transient electromagnetic method.
Fig. 4 is an apparent resistivity profile of a downhole transient electromagnetic α =0 ° in accordance with the invention.
The survey range segment in FIG. 5 is a surface transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity profile corresponding to FIG. 4 in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of apparent resistivity profile of the ground induced polarization method of the present invention corresponding to FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the ground induced polarization method of the present invention corresponding to FIG. 4.
In the figure: 1, the ground; 2-a first coal seam; 3-a second coal seam; 4-a third coal seam; 5, a coal face; 6, laneway; 7, cutting eyes; 8-mining the water accumulation area; 9-working surface ground projection; 10-measuring line; 11-measuring point; 12-probing direction.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
the mining of multiple coal seams of a coal measure stratum is a common mining situation at home and abroad, and as shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a detection method of a well-ground combined detection method of a multilayer mining empty water accumulation area is shown. In the stratum shown in the figure, the coal seam contains n +1 layers (n is the number of mined-out coal layers, and 1 is the currently mined coal seam), when a coal mine is mined from a shallow part to a deep part layer by layer, the mined-out area of the upper coal seam is often a water accumulation area, and if the mined-out coal seams of m layers contain water, potential safety hazards are brought to the production of the lower coal seam. In order to find the range of the mined-out coal seam water accumulation area, a well-ground combined detection method of a multilayer mined-out water accumulation area is provided, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting an electrical method according to geological data of a detection area and the applicability of the electrical method. The selection types of the electric method include a ground transient electromagnetic method, a ground induced polarization method, a downhole transient electromagnetic method and a downhole induced polarization method. The underground and ground electric method is at least one selected, and the underground electric method is used for downward detection and the underground electric method is used for upward detection, so that the underground combined detection of the mining water-retention area is realized.
The example is a detection example of a working surface of a No. 4 coal seam 8210 of a Shanxi group of Yanzishan mine in the same coal group. In this example, the currently mined coal seam is a number 4 coal seam, and four coal seam goafs of dwarfism numbers 7, 11, 14-2, 14-3 and the like are arranged from top to bottom in an overlying coal seam of the 8210 working face, which are all working face long-wall coal mining methods. The distance between the No. 7 coal seam and the No. 11 coal seam is about 65m, the distance between the No. 11 coal seam and the No. 14-2 coal seam is about 28m, the distance between the No. 14-2 coal seam and the No. 14-3 coal seam is about 20m, the distance between the No. 4 coal seam and the No. 14-3 coal seam is about 165m, and the distance between the ground and the No. 14-3 coal seam is about 300 m. Geophysical prospecting work is deployed at the surface and two crosswalks of the working surface of the downhole 8210 respectively.
And step two, calculating the connectivity of the mined-out coal seam. According to geological data and coal seam mining records of a detection area, the maximum height of a water flowing fractured zone (including a caving zone) is calculated by adopting the specification of annex F of hydrological and geological engineering geological exploration specifications of mining areas (GB 12719-91), and the connectivity among all layers of a mined-out coal seam is analyzed, so that guidance is provided for the combination form and parameter selection of an electrical method.
In the example, the calculation result shows that the water diversion fractures penetrate through the No. 7 coal seam, the No. 11 coal seam, the No. 14-2 coal seam and the No. 14-3 coal seam, the goafs of the areas where the four coal seams are located are communicated, and accumulated water in the goafs is drained to the No. 14-3 coal seam. Thus, the goaf water seam in this example is only seam number 14-3.
And step three, combining a plurality of electrical methods up and down the well. And designing a combination form of the electrical method according to the calculation result of the connectivity in the step two. The principle of selecting the combination form of the electrical method is that the number of accumulated water layers is analyzed according to the calculation result of the connectivity of the multilayer goaf, and at least one of the underground and ground electrical methods is selected. Assuming that the number of mined empty coal layers is n, the number of coal layers in the water accumulation area is m (m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n), and the specific combination form is as follows:
s1: when m =1, namely only 1 mined coal seam contains water accumulation areas, 1 downhole and ground electrical method is selected respectively, such as a downhole transient electromagnetic method and a ground transient electromagnetic method;
s2: when m = n, namely, each mined-out coal seam contains an accumulated water area, 2 underground and ground electrical methods are selected respectively, such as an underground transient electromagnetic method, an underground induced polarization method, a ground transient electromagnetic method and a ground induced polarization method;
s3: and when m is more than 1 and less than n, namely a part of mined coal seams contain water accumulation areas, and 1-2 underground and ground electrical methods, such as an underground transient electromagnetic method, a ground transient electromagnetic method and a ground induced polarization method, can be flexibly selected according to the results of the step two. The electrical method shown in fig. 1 is such a combination.
In the example, the number of mined empty coal layers is 4, the number of coal layers in the water accumulation area is 1, 1 transient electromagnetic method is selected in the underground method, and 2 transient electromagnetic methods and induced polarization methods are selected in the ground method due to high-voltage line interference.
And step four, arranging the upper and lower survey lines of the well, as shown in figure 2. And (3) arranging survey lines on the upper and lower crossheading, the cutting hole, the connecting roadway and other roadways of the underground coal face, wherein the plane positions of the survey lines of the underground transient electromagnetic method and the underground induced polarization method are the same, and the point distances are the same. The line measuring positions of the ground transient electromagnetic method and the ground induced polarization method are based on ground projection of underground line measuring, the line measuring positions extend to two sides according to fixed line distances, and the point distances are the same. The selection principle of the point distance and the line distance of the ground electrical method is that the point distance is less than or equal to 20m, and the line distance is less than or equal to 40 m; the point distance of the underground electrical method measuring points is not more than the point distance of the ground measuring points in principle.
In this example, the surface survey lines 10 (the transient electromagnetic survey lines coincide with the induced polarization survey lines) are laid out at a grid size of 40m (line spacing) × 20m (point spacing), and the downhole transient electromagnetic survey lines 10 are laid out at a point spacing of 10 m.
Step five, designing the detection direction, as shown in fig. 3. The ground electrical method is downward detection, and the underground electrical method is upward detection. When the underground transient electromagnetic method is used for upward detection, the detection direction (namely the normal direction of the emission frame) is designed according to the area of the detection target mined-out coal seam and the line distance of the ground survey line, the principle is that the intersection line of the detection direction and the detection target mined-out coal seam is superposed with the ground survey line at the projection position on the ground, and the detection direction angle is calculated by the following formula:
y-ground line spacing;
hand the distance between the position of the underground roadway measuring point and the target mined-out coal seam.
In the present example, it is shown that,y=40m，h=165m, calculated as:α 1=0°，α 2=14°，α 3=26°，α 4=36°，α 5and =44 °, namely 4 directions are observed in the in-plane and out-plane directions of the working surface except for the vertical upward direction at each measuring point, and 9 directions are counted.
And step six, data acquisition and data processing. The various electrical methods are performed according to respective acquisition and processing specifications.
R1: the method comprises the following steps of upward detection of an underground transient electromagnetic instrument and downward detection of ground transient electromagnetic, wherein the data acquisition and processing steps are as follows: firstly, performing a point test to check whether the performance of the transient electromagnetic instrument meets the detection requirement, and simultaneously determining parameters such as the height of a transient electromagnetic emission wire frame, the emission frequency, the emission current, the sampling delay, the superposition times and the like; secondly, performing a line test to determine the effectiveness of the selected point distance and the parameters of the instrument device; and finally, carrying out underground and ground transient electromagnetic detection at the designed measuring point position, recording detection data, and drawing an underground transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity sectional diagram and a ground transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity sectional diagram, which are respectively shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5.
R2: on the measuring line of the ground induced polarization method (which is superposed with the ground transient electromagnetic measuring line), the ground induced polarization method is adopted to detect downwards from the ground. In the embodiment, a five-polar-distance symmetric quadrupole electro-section method is selected, and after the measurement is finished, a resistivity profile and a polarizability profile of the ground induced polarization method are drawn, as shown in fig. 6 and 7 respectively.
And step seven, comprehensively explaining. Comprehensively interpreting underground geophysical prospecting results, ground geophysical prospecting results, coal mine hydrogeological data and coal mine excavation engineering data, and determining a mining space water range according to threshold ranges of apparent resistivity and polarizability of each electrical method.
In this example, the vicinity of point 20 in fig. 4 has obvious low resistance reflection, and the rest low resistance positions are all the interferences of tunnel explosion-proof water bags, iron equipment, floor water accumulation and the like; the part near the 14-3 coal seam corresponding to the point 20 in fig. 5 is reflected by relative low resistance, and the high resistance trap beside is reflected by reserving a coal pillar; the apparent resistivity profile of the surface induced polarization method near the 14-3 coal seam corresponding to point 20 in fig. 6 shows relatively high resistance due to the influence of topographical changes, but the apparent polarizability at AB/2=300m in the apparent polarizability profile of the surface induced polarization method near point 20 in fig. 7 is a high value, indicating that there is goaf water in the coal seam 14-3 near point 20.
Claims (6)
1. A well-ground combined detection method for a multilayer mined-out water accumulation area is characterized by comprising the following steps: downward detection is carried out by using a ground electrical method, upward detection is carried out by using an underground electrical method, and at least one of the underground and ground electrical methods is selected respectively, so that the well-ground combined detection of the mining empty water accumulation area is realized;
the well-ground combined detection method of the multilayer mined-out water accumulation area comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting an electrical method: the selection of the electrical method comprises a ground transient electromagnetic method, a ground induced polarization method, a downhole transient electromagnetic method or a downhole induced polarization method;
step two, calculating the connectivity of the mined-out coal seam: calculating the maximum heights of the caving zone and the water flowing fractured zone according to geological data and coal seam mining records of the detection area, and analyzing and judging the connectivity among all layers of the mined coal seam;
step three, the combination form of the electrical method: designing a combination form of the electrical method according to the calculation result of the connectivity in the step two, and selecting at least one of the underground and ground electrical methods according to the specific number and spatial relationship of the mined coal beds:
step four, measuring line arrangement: arranging survey lines on an upper gate way, a lower gate way, a cutting hole and a connecting roadway of an underground coal face, wherein the plane positions of the survey lines of an underground transient electromagnetic method and an underground induced polarization method are the same, and the point distances are the same;
step five, designing the detection direction: the ground electrical method is downward detection, and the underground electrical method is upward detection; the underground transient electromagnetic method can detect upwards in multiple directions;
step six, data acquisition and data processing: various electrical methods are carried out according to respective acquisition and processing specifications;
step seven, comprehensive explanation: and comprehensively explaining underground geophysical prospecting results, ground geophysical prospecting results, coal mine hydrogeological data and coal mine excavation engineering data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the combination form of the electrical method is selected according to the following method: assuming that the number of mined empty coal layers is n, the number of coal layers in the water accumulation area is m, m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and the specific combination form is as follows:
s1: when m =1, namely only 1 mined-out coal seam contains a water accumulation area, 1 type of underground and ground electrical method is selected respectively;
s2: when m = n, namely, each mined-out coal seam contains an accumulated water area, and 2 underground and ground electrical methods are selected respectively;
s3: and when m is more than 1 and less than n, namely a part of the mined coal seam contains a water accumulation area, and the underground and ground electrical method can flexibly select 1 to 2 types according to the results of the step two.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: selecting one or two of a downhole transient electromagnetic method and a downhole induced polarization method by a downhole electrical method; the ground electric method selects one or two of a ground transient electromagnetic method and a ground induced polarization method.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the line measuring positions of the ground transient electromagnetic method and the ground induced polarization method are based on ground projection of underground line measuring, and are arranged in an extending mode towards two sides according to fixed line distances, and the point distances are the same; the selection principle of the point distance and the line distance of the ground electrical method is that the point distance is less than or equal to 20m, and the line distance is less than or equal to 40 m; the point distance of the underground electric method measuring points is not more than the point distance of the ground measuring points.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: when the underground transient electromagnetic method is used for upward detection, the detection direction, namely the normal direction of the emission frame, is designed according to the area of the coal seam mined by the detection target and the ground survey line distance.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the intersection line of the detection direction of the underground transient electromagnetic method and the detection target mined-out coal seam is superposed with the ground measuring line at the projection position on the ground, and the detection direction angle is calculated by the following formula:
y-ground line spacing;
hand the distance between the position of the underground roadway measuring point and the target mined-out coal seam.
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