CN112083499B - Comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ores - Google Patents
Comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ores Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ores. According to the invention, the electrode A is arranged in the detection well, the electric field signals of bedrock and ore bodies are enhanced by utilizing a downhole charging mode, the situation that ground power supply current is difficult to penetrate through a low-resistance thick coverage layer is avoided, the discrimination of the thick coverage thin-layer ore body production is realized, the measurement electrodes M in different directions are adopted to finish the measurement in different directions of different depths at one time, the probe is not required to perform multiple downhole measurement, the work efficiency of prospecting is improved, and the depth of an ore layer, the thickness of the ore layer and the production of the ore layer are determined by adopting a visual analysis method and a residual potential abnormal method, so that the simultaneous measurement of the depth of the ore layer, the thickness of the ore layer and the production of the ore layer is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of physical well logging, in particular to a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ores.
Background
Due to the large number of metal deposit types, the thickness of the ore body varies greatly. There are both huge thick layers of ore up to more than hundred meters thick and thin layers of ore less than 5 meters thick. Many metal ore bodies are produced in a layered or pulse shape, the ore layer is thin, the difficulty of finding ores is high, the difficulty of finding thin metal ores is high in a thick coverage area, the signals of the ore bodies under the coverage layer are weak, the abnormal geophysical prospecting is difficult to find, the ores are easy to leak in drilling verification, particularly the mineralization alteration zone controlled by the structure is used for drilling lithology crushing, the heart rate is low, and the ores are easier to leak.
The metal ore drilling, the heart rate is difficult to reach 100%, the conditions of leaking and insufficient heart rate frequently occur, a geophysical prospecting well logging method is required to be applied to search the position of the leaking and leaking layer during drilling, determine the thickness of the layer, judge the occurrence of the layer, and even search blind ore bodies near the well and at the bottom of the well.
According to the requirements in the Specification for geophysical logging of Metal Ores (DZ/T0297-2017): "dividing and checking geological section of borehole and determining boundary, structure and thickness of mineral seam, and selecting apparent resistivity, sliding contact current method, electrode potential, induced polarization method, magnetic susceptibility, natural gamma, gamma-gamma (density) etc.; "drilling holes of various ferromagnetic ore bodies, … should also select three-component magnetic measurement"; "drilling holes for gold, silver, copper, lead-zinc ore bodies with more enriched lump and dip-dyed metal sulfide ore bodies" … should also be selected for in-well induced polarization. Although various logging methods are provided in the specification, a logging method capable of completing 3 tasks of searching for a lost-circulation mineral deposit during drilling, detecting the thickness of the mineral deposit and judging the production state of the mineral deposit by measuring in one well is lacking.
For example, resistivity logging is capable of measuring changes in the Dan Dianzu rate of rock in a well, and may be used to divide, verify the geological profile of a borehole, find lost-through formations, determine the location and thickness of the boundaries of a formation, but not determine the formation of a formation. According to the method, a winch continuously lifts an electrode system probe in a well, resistivity of the probe is measured in the movement process, and the position and thickness of a thin-layer ore body are explained according to the resistivity, so that errors exist. In addition, the detection depth of the method is small, the influence of lithology nonuniformity of the surface layer of the drill hole is large, the resistivity is abnormal and jumps, and the interpretation difficulty is high.
The well charging method is to arrange electrodes on the outcrop of the well good ore conductor, supply power to the underground at fixed positions, and form an equipotential body when the electric field signal of the ore body is strong during charging. By measuring the ground area potential or potential gradient, the spatial morphology and the attitude of the ore body can be deduced on the basis of fully researching the distribution characteristics of the charging electric field. But cannot find the layer of the drill leak and cannot determine the thickness of the layer. The method has large workload, and the precondition that the accurate position of the outcrop of the well metal ore body is known at first.
The four-direction excitation logging method is a common geophysical prospecting method for tracking the trend of ore bodies and determining the occurrence of an ore deposit. The method has good application effect in bedrock exposure areas, but has poor application effect in thick coverage areas. The method comprises the steps of burying an A pole and a B pole near a well site and at an infinite distance respectively, arranging the A pole 5 times, arranging the A pole at the periphery of a well head and 4 directions which are at a certain distance from the well head respectively, supplying power to the underground respectively, moving the M pole and the N pole 5 times in the well respectively, measuring potentials (gradients) and polarizabilities between the M pole and the N pole in 5 directions respectively, and judging the occurrence of a mineral seam and searching a blind mineral body with low resistance in the side of the well according to the differences of potential gradients or polarizability abnormal characteristics in all directions. However, this method requires 5 well measurements and is inefficient. In addition, this method makes it difficult to determine the occurrence of thin-layer ore bodies when applied in thick coverage areas. The reasons are that the coating has low resistivity and shielding current effect, ground power supply current is difficult to penetrate through the low-resistance thick coating, electric field signals are weak when the ore bodies in bedrock receive the coating, potential gradient abnormality display is difficult to be carried out on the thin-layer ore bodies, abnormal characteristic differences of all directions are not obvious, and test results prove that the situation is also the same.
In summary, the existing geophysical prospecting technology needs to combine multiple methods to find nonmagnetic metal ores (three elements of detection position, thickness and occurrence) in wells, so that the production cost is high, the working efficiency is low, and more importantly, the occurrence of thin-layer ore bodies is difficult to distinguish in a thick coverage area. Resistivity logging, charging in well and four-way excitation logging have technical characteristics, but can not simultaneously complete the basic tasks of searching for a lost-through mineral deposit during drilling, detecting the thickness of the mineral deposit and judging the mineral exploration of 3 mineral bodies in the occurrence of occurrence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ores, so as to realize simultaneous measurement of the depth of an ore layer, the thickness of the ore layer and the production of the ore layer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
an integrated physical well logging method, the well logging method comprising the steps of:
arranging a charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a transmitting and receiving function in a detection well, arranging an infinity power supply electrode B in infinity along the mineralization zone direction, uniformly arranging a plurality of measuring poles M of the excitation measurement system in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center, and arranging an infinity measuring electrode N of the excitation measurement system in infinity along the direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone;
the charging electrode A is moved upwards from the bottom of the detection well in sequence from bottom to top, and the measuring electrodes positioned in different directions are adopted to respectively measure the potentials of different depths in different directions;
calculating residual potential anomalies in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction;
according to the potentials of different depths in each direction, adopting a visual analysis method to determine the depth of the ore layer and the thickness of the ore layer at the position of the detection well;
and determining the mineral seam production state of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality of each direction.
Optionally, the calculating the residual potential anomaly of each direction according to the potential of different depths of each direction specifically includes:
calculating background abnormal average values of the potentials in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction;
according to the potentials of different depths in each direction, calculating potential anomalies in each direction;
and calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential abnormality and the background abnormality in each direction as the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
Optionally, the determining the depth of the ore bed and the thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials of different depths in each direction specifically comprises the following steps:
taking the measured depth as an ordinate, and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as an abscissa, respectively drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction to form a hole depth potential column profile;
and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal boundary line of the potential rise on the hole depth potential columnar section.
Optionally, determining the mineral seam production of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction specifically includes:
and comparing the residual potential abnormality in each direction, and determining the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality as the ore body inclination direction.
Optionally, the determining the depth of the ore layer and the thickness of the ore layer at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials of different depths in each direction further comprises:
and carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials with different depths in each direction.
An integrated physical well logging system, the well logging system comprising:
the system comprises an excitation measurement system arrangement module, a detection well, an infinite power supply electrode B, a plurality of measurement electrodes M, a detection well head and a detection well, wherein the excitation measurement system arrangement module is used for arranging a charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a single-emission multi-receiving function in the detection well, the infinite power supply electrode B is arranged at infinity along the mineralization zone direction, the measurement electrodes M of the excitation measurement system are respectively and uniformly arranged in different directions around the detection well head by taking the detection well head as the center, and the infinite measurement electrode N of the excitation measurement system is arranged at infinity along the direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone;
the measuring module is used for moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well in sequence from bottom to top, and measuring the potentials of different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions respectively;
the residual potential anomaly calculation module is used for calculating residual potential anomalies of each direction according to potentials of different depths of each direction;
the ore layer depth and thickness determining module is used for determining the ore layer depth and the ore layer thickness of the position where the detection well is positioned by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials of different depths in each direction;
and the mineral seam occurrence determination module is used for determining the mineral seam occurrence of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality of each direction.
Optionally, the residual potential anomaly calculation module specifically includes:
the background abnormal average value calculation sub-module is used for calculating the background abnormal average value of the potential in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction;
the potential anomaly calculation sub-module is used for calculating potential anomalies of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction;
and the residual potential anomaly calculation sub-module is used for calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential anomaly and the background anomaly in each direction as the residual potential anomaly in each direction.
Optionally, the ore depth and ore thickness determining module specifically includes:
the hole depth potential column profile drawing submodule is used for drawing hole depth potential curves in each direction respectively by taking the measured depth as an ordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as an abscissa to form a hole depth potential column profile;
and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal boundary line of the potential rise on the hole depth potential columnar section.
Optionally, the ore deposit attitude determination module specifically includes:
and the mineral seam occurrence determination submodule is used for comparing the residual potential abnormality of each direction and determining that the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality is the inclination direction of the mineral body.
Optionally, the logging system further comprises:
and the normalization module is used for carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials with different depths in each direction.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ores. The invention arranges a charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a single-emission multi-receiving function in a detection well, an infinity power supply electrode B is arranged at infinity along the mineralization zone direction, a plurality of measuring poles M of the excitation measurement system are respectively and uniformly arranged in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center, and an infinity measuring electrode N of the excitation measurement system is arranged at infinity along the direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone; the charging electrode A is moved upwards from the bottom of the detection well in sequence from bottom to top, and the measuring electrodes positioned in different directions are adopted to respectively measure the potentials of different depths in different directions; calculating residual potential anomalies in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction; according to the potentials of different depths in each direction, adopting a visual analysis method to determine the depth of the ore layer and the thickness of the ore layer at the position of the detection well; and determining the mineral seam production state of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality of each direction. According to the invention, the charging electrode A is arranged in the detection well, the underground charging mode is utilized, electric field signals of bedrock and ore bodies are enhanced, ground power supply current is prevented from being difficult to penetrate through a low-resistance thick coverage layer, discrimination of the thick coverage thin-layer ore body shape is realized, measurement electrodes M in different directions are adopted to finish measurement in different directions of different depths at one time, a probe is not required to perform multiple downhole measurement, the work efficiency of prospecting is improved, and the depth of an ore layer, the thickness of the ore layer and the shape of the ore layer are determined by adopting a visual analysis method and a residual potential abnormal method, so that simultaneous measurement of the depth of the ore layer, the thickness of the ore layer and the shape of the ore layer is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an integrated physical well logging method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of the laser measurement system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the movement of a charging electrode according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an integrated physical well logging system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a column cross-sectional view of a hole depth potential obtained in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a hole depth resistivity column provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of residual potential anomalies according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of potential gradient anomalies in a four-way electrical logging provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ores, so as to realize simultaneous measurement of the depth of an ore layer, the thickness of the ore layer and the production of the ore layer.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an integrated physical well logging method, as shown in fig. 1, the well logging method comprising the steps of:
step 101, a charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a single-emission multi-receiving function is arranged in a detection well, an infinity power supply electrode B is arranged at infinity along the mineralization zone direction, a plurality of measuring poles M of the excitation measurement system are respectively and uniformly arranged in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center, and an infinity measuring electrode N of the excitation measurement system is arranged at infinity along the direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone.
The laser measurement system comprises a transmitter and a receiver. The device for implementing the method of the invention also comprises a power supply and a cable. The charging electrode is a copper rod electrode or a high-resolution eccentric adherence electrode, and the high-resolution eccentric adherence electrode has the characteristics of thin electrode contact surface and high resolution, and can improve the accuracy and the prospecting effect of detecting the thin-layer ore body.
Therefore, the invention mainly judges the principle of the mineral seam production based on the four-direction induced-vibration well logging method, and simultaneously considers the technical characteristics that the absorption resistivity well logging method can search the mineral seam which is drilled and leaked, determine the thickness of the mineral seam and the electric field signal of the well charging method, and changes the four-direction induced-vibration well logging method into the four-direction measurement charging well logging method, thereby realizing the well logging method which can finish 3 tasks of searching the mineral seam (the mineral seam depth) which is drilled and leaked, detecting the thickness of the mineral seam and judging the mineral seam production. The ground power supply of the four-azimuth induced-vibration logging method is changed into in-well charging, so that electric field signals of bedrock and ore bodies are enhanced; the probe is changed into one-time well logging measurement from multiple well logging measurements, and meanwhile, the potential measurement in the mineral seam searching and multiple directions (four directions in the specific embodiment of the invention) is completed, so that the problem of accurate butt joint of the charging electrode in the well and the thin-layer mineral body is solved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the invention changes a mobile measuring electrode MN in a well of a four-direction excitation logging method into a charging electrode A, and changes a four-direction fixed power supply electrode A (A1, A2, A3 and A4) on the ground into four-direction measuring electrodes M (M1, M2, M3 and M4), and an infinite power supply electrode B is distributed in a mineralization zone direction, OB is parallel to the mineralization zone direction (O is a wellhead position), and BO direction is set to be 0 DEG direction, and is irrelevant to the geographic coordinate direction and only related to the mineralization zone direction. An "infinity" measuring electrode N, ON vertical OB is additionally provided.
The measuring electrodes M1, M2, M3 and M4 are arranged in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees respectively with the wellhead as the center (O point, O point and ground are flat, and the position of the charging electrode A in the well below the O point) and the BO direction as the 0 degree direction, and are 100 meters away from the wellhead; n is an infinite measuring electrode, and is generally more than 1000m or more than 3-5 times of the hole depth from the wellhead; a is a power supply electrode in a well, B is an infinite power supply electrode, and the distance between the power supply electrode and a well head is generally more than 1000m or more than 3-5 times of the depth of the hole; OB is distributed in parallel with the mineralization zone direction, and ON is distributed in perpendicular to the OB direction.
And 102, moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well in sequence from bottom to top, and respectively measuring the potentials of different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions.
As shown in fig. 3, the charging electrode a is charged point by point in the well while the ground four-way electrode points (M1, M2, M3, M4) simultaneously measure the charging potential.
Step 103, calculating residual potential abnormality of each direction according to potentials of different depths of each direction;
because the geological structure has non-uniformity and the directional difference of stratum conduction, and the N pole at infinity and the B pole at infinity can not be really placed at infinity, systematic direction errors exist in measured potential anomalies, the systematic errors are eliminated by adopting a residual anomaly method, the mineral seam occurrence is judged according to the residual anomaly differences in all directions, and the direction with lower residual potential is the inclination direction of a mineral body. The method specifically comprises the following steps: since the supply voltage is difficult to keep 500V stable, voltage normalization processing is performed on the measured potential first, and the influence of supply voltage variation is eliminated. The normalization processing method comprises the following steps: and according to the variation amplitude of the actual output voltage of each measuring point when the power is supplied and the actual output voltage is higher or lower than 500V, the potential of each measuring point is regulated in equal proportion, and the voltage condition of 500V is unified.
And respectively drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction by taking the measured depth as an ordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as an abscissa to form a hole depth potential column profile (see figure 5). The potential curve is referred to as a potential anomaly when it increases or decreases significantly. And calculating the average value (background anomaly average value) of the potentials of all measurement points near each direction potential anomaly, subtracting the background anomaly average value from the potentials of all directions to obtain residual potential anomaly values, and drawing a hole depth residual potential curve of each direction, namely a residual potential anomaly graph (shown in figure 7).
104, determining the depth and thickness of the ore layer at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials of different depths in each direction;
the change in ground potential at different depth charges reflects the change in formation lithology within the hole. In the charge logging system, the power supply voltage is stable and unchanged, the measuring electrode MN is fixed and the solid of the power supply 'infinity' electrode B is unchanged, only the movement of the charging electrode A in the hole changes, and the change of the ground potential can only be caused by the change of geological conditions due to the movement of the charging electrode A in the hole.
Low resistivity of ore body or mineralized alteration zone<5X 10 Ω & m), and the resistivity of surrounding rock is high>5×10 3 Ω·m), which differ by up to 2 orders of magnitude. When the charging electrode A enters the ore body and the low-resistance area from the high-resistance area of the surrounding rock, the contact resistance between the electrode A and the hole wall suddenly decreases, the total resistance in the AB power supply circuit also suddenly decreases, and the current in the stratum suddenly increases when the regulated power supply is performed. Since the resistance between the measuring electrodes MN is basically stable, the current in the stratum suddenly increases, and as known from ohm's law (v=r×i), the MN potential will necessarily suddenly increase, and a high potential abnormality will suddenly occur, the abnormal boundary is clear, and the intensity is large. So that a low-resistance ore layer or an altered zone can be identified. The larger the ore body size, the stronger the potential anomaly. Vice versa, the smaller the ore body size, the more abnormal the potentialWeak, local punctiform mineralization and drill surface lithology unevenness can not cause potential abnormality, and potential curve is free from basically jumping abnormality, so that the potential abnormality is easy to explain.
Step 104, determining the depth of the ore bed and the thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials of different depths in each direction, which specifically comprises the following steps: taking the measured depth as an ordinate, and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as an abscissa, respectively drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction to form a hole depth potential column profile; and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal boundary line of the potential rise on the hole depth potential columnar section.
And 105, determining the mineral seam production state of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality of each direction.
When the charging electrode A is contacted with the low-resistance ore body or the mineralization alteration zone, an equipotential body is formed in the low-resistance ore body or the mineralization alteration zone. The space distribution range of the potential body is large, and the distance between the potential body and the measuring electrode is reduced. If the ore body or mineralized alteration zone is in the form of an inclined plate body, the distances between the measuring points in different directions (M1, M2, M3 and M4) and the ore body are different (see figure 3), the potential of each measuring point is different, the potential of the closer measuring point is relatively high, and the potential of the farther measuring point is relatively low, which is the theoretical basis for judging the occurrence of the ore layer by the four-dimensional potential measurement charging logging method. The power supply line OB is arranged in parallel with the mineralization zone direction, and the measuring electrodes M1, M2, M3 and M4 are respectively arranged in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees by taking the BO direction as the 0 degree direction, and theoretically, the potential M1 is approximately equal to the potential M2, the potential M3 is approximately equal to the potential M4, and the potentials M3 and M4 are more than the potentials M1 and M2, so that the mining layer tendency can be easily distinguished.
Step 105, determining the seam production of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality in each direction, which specifically includes: and comparing the residual potential abnormality in each direction, and determining the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality as the ore body inclination direction. The production comprises the trend and the inclination direction (dip angle), and the precondition of the invention is that the trend is known, so that the invention only needs to determine the inclination direction of the ore body when determining the production of the ore layer.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention also provides an integrated physical well logging system comprising:
the excitation measurement system arrangement module 401 is used for arranging a charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a single-emission multi-receiving function in a detection well, arranging an infinity power supply electrode B in infinity along the mineralization zone direction, respectively taking a wellhead of the detection well as a center, uniformly arranging a plurality of measurement electrodes M of the excitation measurement system in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well, and arranging an infinity measurement electrode N of the excitation measurement system in infinity along the direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone;
the measuring module is used for moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom hole 402 of the detection well in sequence from bottom to top, and measuring potentials of different depths in different directions by adopting measuring electrodes positioned in different directions respectively;
a residual potential anomaly calculation module 403, configured to calculate residual potential anomalies in each direction according to potentials of different depths in each direction.
The residual potential anomaly calculation module 403 specifically includes: the background abnormal average value calculation sub-module is used for calculating the background abnormal average value of the potential in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction; the potential anomaly calculation sub-module is used for calculating potential anomalies of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction; and the residual potential anomaly calculation sub-module is used for calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential anomaly and the background anomaly in each direction as the residual potential anomaly in each direction.
A seam depth and seam thickness determining module 404, configured to determine a seam depth and a seam thickness of a location where the detection well is located by using a visual analysis method according to the electric potentials of different depths in each direction;
the ore depth and thickness determining module 404 specifically includes: the hole depth potential column profile drawing submodule is used for drawing hole depth potential curves in each direction respectively by taking the measured depth as an ordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as an abscissa to form a hole depth potential column profile; and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the abnormal boundary line of the potential rise on the hole depth potential columnar section.
A seam production determination module 405 for determining a seam production for the location of the probe well based on the residual potential anomalies in each direction.
The seam production determination module 405 specifically includes: and the mineral seam occurrence determination submodule is used for comparing the residual potential abnormality of each direction and determining that the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality is the inclination direction of the mineral body.
As a preferred embodiment, the logging system further comprises: and the normalization module is used for carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials with different depths in each direction.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a comprehensive geophysical well logging method and system for searching metal ores. The invention arranges a charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a single-emission multi-receiving function in a detection well, an infinity power supply electrode B is arranged at infinity along the mineralization zone direction, a plurality of measuring poles M of the excitation measurement system are respectively and uniformly arranged in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center, and an infinity measuring electrode N of the excitation measurement system is arranged at infinity along the direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone; the charging electrode A is moved upwards from the bottom of the detection well in sequence from bottom to top, and the measuring electrodes positioned in different directions are adopted to respectively measure the potentials of different depths in different directions; calculating residual potential anomalies in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction; according to the potentials of different depths in each direction, adopting a visual analysis method to determine the depth of the ore layer and the thickness of the ore layer at the position of the detection well; and determining the mineral seam production state of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality of each direction. According to the invention, the electrode A is arranged in the detection well, the electric field signals of bedrock and ore bodies are enhanced by utilizing a downhole charging mode, the situation that ground power supply current is difficult to penetrate through a low-resistance thick coverage layer is avoided, the discrimination of the thick coverage thin-layer ore body production is realized, the measurement electrodes M in different directions are adopted to finish the measurement in different directions of different depths at one time, the probe is not required to perform multiple downhole measurement, the work efficiency of prospecting is improved, and the depth of an ore layer, the thickness of the ore layer and the production of the ore layer are determined by adopting a visual analysis method and a residual potential abnormal method, so that the simultaneous measurement of the depth of the ore layer, the thickness of the ore layer and the production of the ore layer is realized.
To illustrate the technical effects of the method and system of the present invention, the present invention provides the following specific real-time manner.
The invention selects a gold mine integral investigation region for test, the gold mine integral investigation region is a typical fourth-system thick coverage region, the thickness of the coverage layer is 80-160m, the bedrock is provided with a structural alteration rock type gold mine, and mineralization is carried away to the north east for 30-45 degrees. The number of the drilling holes with the test is ZK2002, the depth of the drilling holes is 650.15m, the construction caliber of the drilling holes is 76mm, and the geological conditions in the drilling holes are as follows:
the hole depth is 0-98.65 m, the main lithology is sand, clay and the like, the underground water is rich, the resistivity is low, and the resistivity is about 20-50Ω & m; the rock property of the rock is metamorphic rock such as angle flash inclined gneiss, grain-changed rock, inclined long angle flash rock and the like of the precambrian line, the resistivity of the rock property sample in the whole investigation region is 2000-6000 Ω & m; a layer of gold-containing mineralized and altered rock is arranged at the hole depth 378.18-388.95m, the thickness is 10.77m, the main lithology is green-mud pyrite inclined long angle flash gnetite, galena fine vein and lead-zinc mineralized quartz vein are filled, the average grade Pb3.2%, the Au0.74g/t, the local fine vein content is high, the Pb is 72.9% at most, and the Au is 9.17g/t at most. The mineralized and altered rock has good conductivity, the resistivity of the mineralized and altered rock in the whole investigation region is about 50Ω & m, and the measured apparent resistivity of the resistivity logging is 10-50Ω & m. The charge logging test was performed between 360-500m hole depth.
Step 1, instrument configuration
(1) And (3) a host computer: the excitation measurement system (comprising a DJF15-1A transmitter system and a DJS-9 receiver) produced by Chongqing geological instrument factory of the middle group has a transmitting and receiving function.
(2) Well cable: the insulated armoured cable is specially manufactured by a first cable factory in the Shanghai;
(3) Charging electrode: copper rod electrode.
And 2, field electrode layout and potential observation methods.
The electrode layout is as shown in fig. 2. The supply electrode AB is disposed in the well (a pole) and "infinity" place (B pole), respectively. The power supply line OB is arranged in parallel with the mineralization zone direction of the test area. The 'infinity' B pole uses copper braid belt, buried in the earth, the charging A pole uses copper rod electrode, and charged in the well.
The measuring electrodes MN are respectively arranged at the periphery of the wellhead (M pole) and at the "infinity" (N pole). The "infinity" N pole layout direction is perpendicular to the "infinity" B pole layout direction, i.e., ON perpendicular OB. The total number of measuring electrodes M is 4 (M1, M2, M3 and M4), the measuring electrodes are respectively distributed at four directions (45 DEG, 135 DEG, 225 DEG and 315 DEG) 100M away from the wellhead, and the OB is 0 DEG around the wellhead (O point position). The measuring electrodes are all buried in the soil by using solid non-polar electrodes.
And (5) field observation. Before logging, the drilling machine water pump washes the drilled holes with clear water, so that the resistivity of the hole liquid is improved. During logging, the electrode A (copper rod electrode) firstly descends to the bottom of a hole, then moves upwards from the bottom of the hole, is subjected to point-by-point voltage stabilization charging, the charging voltage is 500V, the charging time is 4 seconds, and the ground is used for simultaneously measuring the potentials of M1, M2, M3 and M4. The distance between the charging points in the well is 5m, and the distance between the high potential abnormal points is 1m.
Step 3, measurement data processing and anomaly interpretation
1. Drawing a four-azimuth hole deep potential column section diagram to explain the position and thickness of a mineral seam.
The power supply voltage is difficult to keep 500V stable, and firstly, voltage normalization processing is carried out on the measured potential, so that the influence of power supply voltage variation is eliminated. The normalization processing method comprises the following steps: and according to the variation amplitude of the actual output voltage of each measuring point when the power is supplied and the actual output voltage is higher or lower than 500V, the potential of each measuring point is regulated in equal proportion, and the voltage condition of 500V is unified.
And drawing 4 pore depth potential curves in the directions of 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees and 315 degrees respectively by taking the depth of the electrode during charging as an ordinate and the normalized charge point measurement potential as an abscissa to form a columnar section.
The test results show that the hole depth 378-389m has an obvious potential rise abnormality, the background value is about 1 time higher, the abnormal boundary is clear, the upper and lower boundaries of the abnormality are about 11m apart, the abnormality is interpreted as being caused by low-resistance mineralized altered rock, the position of the abnormality is consistent with that of known gold-containing mineralized altered rock in the hole 378.18-388.95m, and the distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the abnormality is the thickness of a mineral deposit and is about 11m. The results are consistent with the conventional resistivity detection results as shown in fig. 5. Conventional resistivity methods present significant low resistance anomalies at hole depths 370-388m, see fig. 6.
2. And calculating potential residual abnormality, and judging the mineral seam occurrence. Because the geological structure has non-uniformity and stratum conduction has directional difference, and the N pole at infinity and the B pole at infinity can not be really placed at infinity, the positions of M1, M2, M3 and M4 relative to the B pole at infinity and the N pole at infinity are different in size. The existence of these factors can lead to systematic directional errors of measured potential anomalies, for example, the potentials in 225 degrees and 315 degrees of ZK2002 holes are obviously higher than the potentials in 45 degrees and 135 degrees, mineralization zone trends are difficult to distinguish directly according to charge logging potential anomalies, and residual potential anomalies need to be calculated to eliminate systematic directional errors.
Residual potential anomaly calculation method: the average value of the potential background anomalies in each direction is calculated, and the potential anomalies in each direction are subtracted from the background anomalies in each direction, so that the residual potential anomalies in each direction can be obtained, as shown in fig. 7.
Judging the occurrence of the mineral layer according to the residual potential abnormality, wherein the trend of the mineral layer is consistent with the mineralization zone direction, and the trend of the mineral layer is determined according to the residual potential. The residual potential high ore layer is shallow, and the residual potential low ore layer is deep, namely the direction of the residual potential low is the tilting direction of the ore body.
The residual potential in the directions of 225 degrees (M3) and 315 degrees (M3) of the ZK2002 holes is higher than the residual potential in the directions of 45 degrees (M1) and 135 degrees (M2), and accordingly the mineralized alteration rock trends M1 and M2 are judged, wherein the directions of M1 and M2 are actually positioned in the southeast direction of a drilling hole, and the situation is consistent with the actual situation that mineralization strips in mining areas tend to the southeast direction of the northst direction by 30-45 degrees.
The test results also show that no potential (gradient) abnormality is found on the mineralized zone of the four-dimensional excitation logging method with a thick coverage area as shown in fig. 8, and no difference characteristic exists in the four directions of E, S, W, N, so that the mineralized zone occurrence cannot be judged, and the method is shown in fig. 8.
In this specification, the equivalent embodiments are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between equivalent embodiments are sufficient for mutual reference. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be only illustrative of the methods and concepts underlying the invention, and not all examples are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An integrated physical well logging method, comprising the steps of:
arranging a charging electrode A of an excitation measurement system with a transmitting and receiving function in a detection well, arranging an infinity power supply electrode B in infinity along the mineralization zone direction, uniformly arranging a plurality of measuring electrodes M of the excitation measurement system in different directions around the wellhead of the detection well by taking the wellhead of the detection well as the center, and arranging an infinity measuring electrode N of the excitation measurement system in infinity along the direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone;
the charging electrode A is moved upwards from the bottom of the detection well in sequence from bottom to top, and the measuring electrodes M positioned in different directions are adopted to respectively measure the potentials of different depths in different directions;
calculating residual potential anomalies in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction;
according to the potentials of different depths in each direction, adopting a visual analysis method to determine the depth of the ore layer and the thickness of the ore layer at the position of the detection well;
determining the mineral seam production state of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality of each direction;
the method for calculating the residual potential abnormality of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating background abnormal average values of the potentials in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction;
according to the potentials of different depths in each direction, calculating potential anomalies in each direction;
and calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential abnormality and the background abnormality in each direction as the residual potential abnormality in each direction.
2. The comprehensive physical well logging method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the depth of the ore layer and the thickness of the ore layer at the position of the detection well by adopting a visual analysis method according to the electric potential of different depths in each direction comprises the following steps:
taking the measured depth as an ordinate, and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as an abscissa, respectively drawing a hole depth potential curve in each direction to form a hole depth potential column profile;
and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the potential rise abnormal boundary line on the hole depth potential columnar section.
3. The comprehensive physical well logging method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the mineral seam production of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality of each direction specifically comprises:
and comparing the residual potential abnormality in each direction, and determining the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality as the ore body inclination direction.
4. The integrated physical well logging method of claim 1 wherein the determining the depth of the seam and the thickness of the seam at the location of the probe well from the potential at the different depths in each direction using visual analysis, further comprises:
and carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials with different depths in each direction.
5. An integrated physical well logging system, the well logging system comprising:
the system comprises an excitation measurement system arrangement module, a detection well, an infinite power supply electrode B, a plurality of measurement electrodes M, a detection well head detection module and a detection well detection module, wherein the charge electrode A of the excitation measurement system with a single-emission multi-receiving function is arranged in the detection well, the infinite power supply electrode B is arranged at infinity along the mineralization zone direction, the measurement electrodes M of the excitation measurement system are uniformly arranged in different directions around the detection well head detection well by taking the wellhead detection well as the center, and the infinite measurement electrode N of the excitation measurement system is arranged at infinity along the direction perpendicular to the mineralization zone;
the measuring module is used for moving the charging electrode A upwards from the bottom of the detection well in sequence from bottom to top, and measuring the potentials of different depths in different directions by adopting the measuring electrodes M positioned in different directions respectively;
the residual potential anomaly calculation module is used for calculating residual potential anomalies of each direction according to potentials of different depths of each direction;
the ore layer depth and thickness determining module is used for determining the ore layer depth and the ore layer thickness of the position where the detection well is positioned by adopting a visual analysis method according to the potentials of different depths in each direction;
the mineral seam yield determining module is used for determining the mineral seam yield of the position of the detection well according to the residual potential abnormality of each direction;
the residual potential abnormality calculation module specifically includes:
the background abnormal average value calculation sub-module is used for calculating the background abnormal average value of the potential in each direction according to the potentials in different depths in each direction;
the potential anomaly calculation sub-module is used for calculating potential anomalies of each direction according to the potentials of different depths of each direction;
and the residual potential anomaly calculation sub-module is used for calculating the difference value of the average value of the potential anomaly and the background anomaly in each direction as the residual potential anomaly in each direction.
6. The integrated physical well logging system of claim 5 wherein the seam depth and seam thickness determination module specifically comprises:
the hole depth potential column profile drawing submodule is used for drawing hole depth potential curves in each direction respectively by taking the measured depth as an ordinate and the potentials in different directions corresponding to the depth as an abscissa to form a hole depth potential column profile;
and determining the depth and thickness of the ore bed at the position of the detection well according to the potential rise abnormal boundary line on the hole depth potential columnar section.
7. The integrated physical well logging system of claim 5, wherein the seam production determination module specifically comprises:
and the mineral seam occurrence determination submodule is used for comparing the residual potential abnormality of each direction and determining that the direction with the lowest residual potential abnormality is the inclination direction of the mineral body.
8. The integrated physical well logging system of claim 5, further comprising:
and the normalization module is used for carrying out voltage normalization processing on the potentials with different depths in each direction.
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