CN112083363A - Quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector based on FPGA - Google Patents
Quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector based on FPGA Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
Abstract
The invention discloses a quantum light detection magnetic resonance signal collector based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array), which comprises a synchronous signal generator and a synchronous spectrum analyzer, wherein the synchronous signal generator comprises a first power supply voltage reduction module, a low-dropout voltage regulator, a fully differential amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC); the synchronous spectrum analyzer comprises a second power supply voltage reduction module, an FPGA core board and four paths of differential receivers. The first power supply voltage reduction module and the second power supply voltage reduction module respectively provide 5V voltage and 3.3V voltage; the low dropout voltage regulator provides 1.8V and 3.3V voltages; the fully differential amplifier amplifies an input signal; performing digital sampling by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC); the four-way differential receiver is used for level conversion and providing stronger current drive; and the FPGA core board analyzes the acquired signals and generates four paths of TTL signals. The invention adopts the FPGA-based mode to generate the synchronous pulse signals and analyze the synchronous spectrum, avoids using a pulse board card, simplifies the complexity and the equipment volume of the quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector, and saves the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum optical detection and signal acquisition, in particular to a quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal acquisition device based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array).
Background
The NV color center is a defect with fluorescence characteristic formed by a Nitrogen atom (Nitrogen) replacing a carbon atom and an adjacent Vacancy (Vacancy) in diamond, can sense the strength of a magnetic field on the surface of a chip, provides resolution up to a nanometer level, and has the characteristics of small volume, long decoherence time and the like. It has two well-characterized states of charge: neutral (NV0) or negatively charged (NV-). The NV colour center has a relatively long spin lifetime under normal circumstances, can be polarized and optically read using a green laser, and the spin sub-levels can be manipulated by a pulsed microwave field. The NV colour centre has a C3v symmetry with two unpaired electronic states being spin triplets (S ═ 1) in the ground (3a2) and excited (3E) states, with spin levels ms ═ 0, ± 1. Under the excitation of the spin-conserving laser, the excited state ms-0 spontaneously returns to the ground state ms-0, whereas the state ms-1 has two possible decay paths, one of which is the radiative transition to the state ms-1 or the non-radiative transition to the state ms-0 through intersystem crossing. In the latter case, with a 30% probability, the excited state of ms ± 1 decays first to the metastable singlet state and then to the ground state ms 0. The ground state of the NV centre has a zero field split of 2.87GHz between the ms-0 and ms-1 states at room temperature due to spin interactions. When an external magnetic field is applied, the degeneracy of the ms ═ 1 spin state is improved by the zeeman effect, which is shown by the fact that the resonance peak distance is enlarged on the ODMR spectrum. By adjusting the relative orientation of the external magnetic field and the four crystal NV axes, a total of eight microwave dipole transitions in the ground state can be observed by Optical Detection Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) techniques. The transition between the state of ms 0 and the state of ms +1 or the state of ms-1 is magnetic dipole transition, which forms a quantum two-energy level system, and the resonant microwave magnetic field drives closed loop Rabi circulation on the Bloch sphere.
In the prior microwave field imaging system based on the diamond NV color center, a pulse board card is mostly adopted, and a synchronous TTL pulse sequence is generated under the control of a computer; red light returned by the NV color center of the diamond is generally collected through an Avalanche Photodiode (APD), then a corresponding frequency value is read out through a spectrum analyzer or a phase-locked mode, and finally the obtained value is brought into programs such as LABVIEW or MATLAB and the like to carry out subsequent operation to obtain a corresponding Optical Detection Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) value, so that the whole system is complicated and fussy.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide an FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector with low system complexity and high portability.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a quantum light detection magnetic resonance signal collector based on FPGA, which comprises a synchronous signal generator and a synchronous spectrum analyzer; the synchronous signal generator comprises a first power supply voltage reduction module, a low-dropout voltage regulator, a fully differential amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and an FPGA core board; the synchronous spectrum analyzer module comprises a second power supply voltage reduction module, an FPGA core board and four paths of differential receivers; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first power supply voltage reduction module is respectively connected with the fully differential amplifier, the low-voltage-difference voltage regulator, the FPGA core board and the four-way differential receiver and is used for providing 5V voltage;
the second power supply voltage reduction module is used for providing 3.3V voltage for the Ethernet port, and the Ethernet port is in data communication with the FPGA core board through network port conversion;
the low-dropout voltage regulator is connected with the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and is used for providing 1.8V and 3.3V voltages;
the fully differential amplifier is connected with the analog-to-digital converter ADC and used for amplifying an input signal;
the analog-to-digital converter ADC is connected with the FPGA core board and is used for carrying out digital sampling;
the FPGA core board is respectively connected with the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the four-path differential receiver, and is correspondingly used for carrying out synchronous spectrum analysis on the acquired signals and generating four-path TTL signals;
and the four paths of differential receivers are connected with the FPGA core board and are used for level conversion and current drive.
Further, the fully differential amplifier is used for converting an input signal into a differential signal through single end conversion, amplifying by 10-20dB and converting the input signal into the differential signal.
Furthermore, the ADC adopts dual-channel input, the sampling frequency is 160MSPS at most, and the output is DDR LVDS output.
Further, the analog-to-digital converter ADC employs 16DV 160.
Furthermore, a50 MHz clock crystal oscillator is arranged in the FPGA core board, and the clock is multiplied to 500MHz through an internal frequency multiplication circuit; a square wave signal with a period of 2ns and any adjustable duty ratio is formed by using a500 MHz clock signal, and then the square wave signal is directly connected with an external driver through an LVDS interface for output; the IDC100 high-speed plug connector is butted with a motherboard; the SPI output port of the FPGA may calibrate the analog-to-digital converter ADC.
Furthermore, a DDR SRAM and a FLASH are arranged in the FPGA core board and used for realizing FFT and one-frame data caching, and the FLASH is used for programming an FPGA starting program.
Furthermore, the FPGA core board adopts an AC6045 integrated core board.
Further, the four-way differential receiver supports the fastest rise time of 650ps and fall time of 400 ps.
Further, the four-way differential receiver employs an SN65LVDS 348.
Furthermore, the FPGA and the fully differential amplifier are connected through a calibration module, and the calibration module is used for adjusting the amplification factor of the fully differential amplifier.
Has the advantages that: (1) the invention adopts the FPGA-based mode to generate the synchronous pulse signal, solves the problem of large equipment volume caused by using the pulse board card and saves the cost; (2) the invention adopts the synchronous spectrum analyzer based on the FPGA, can refresh and output quantum signals and photon technical signals in real time, and simplifies the complexity of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a quantum light detection magnetic resonance signal collector based on FPGA according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of TTL control signals generated by a synchronization signal generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a design scheme of FPGA software part in the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings,
as shown in fig. 1, a quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector based on an FPGA includes a synchronous signal generator and a synchronous spectrum analyzer. Wherein the synchronization signal generator includes: the circuit comprises a first power supply voltage reduction module 1, a first low-dropout voltage regulator 2, a second low-dropout voltage regulator 3, a fully differential amplifier 4 and an analog-to-digital converter ADC 5. The synchronous spectrum analyzer comprises: a second power supply voltage reduction module 6 and a four-way differential receiver 8. The synchronizing signal generator and the synchronizing spectrum analyzer share one FPGA core board 7.
The first power supply voltage reduction module 1 adopts an MP1584 and is used for reducing a 12V power supply to 5V and then respectively providing voltages for the first low-voltage-difference voltage regulator 2, the second low-voltage-difference voltage regulator 3, the fully differential amplifier 4, the FPGA core board 7 and the four-way differential receiver 8. The first low dropout voltage regulator 2 and the second low dropout voltage regulator 3 both use LM1117 to provide 1.8V and 3.3V to the analog-to-digital converter ADC 5, respectively. The analog-to-digital converter ADC 5 is connected with the FPGA core board 7 by adopting 16DV160 and is used for carrying out digital sampling. The second power supply voltage reduction module 6 adopts an MP1584 and is used for providing 3.3V voltage for an Ethernet port, and the Ethernet port performs data communication with the FPGA core board 7 through network port conversion. The FPGA core board 7 is connected with the analog-to-digital converter ADC 5 and the four-way differential receiver 8 respectively by adopting AC6045, and is used for analyzing the acquired signals and generating four-way TTL signals simultaneously. The four-way differential receiver 8 employs an SN65LVDS348 for level shifting and providing strong current drive. And the FPGA core board 7 adjusts the amplification factor of the fully differential amplifier 4 through a calibration module. The calibration module comprises a power supply voltage reduction module, a data converter and a data processing module, wherein the power supply voltage reduction module is used for converting 12V voltage into 3.3V voltage serving as reference voltage and supplying power to the data converter; the digital-to-analog converter is connected to a low-pass filter, which is connected to the fully differential amplifier 4. A power supply voltage reduction module in the calibration module adopts MP1584, a digital-to-analog converter adopts AD9777, and a low-pass filter adopts JTWR50LF2012EA 500R.
Specifically, in the quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector, in an optical detection magnetic resonance signal collection experiment, a FPGA core board (AC6045) and a four-way differential receiver (SN65LVDS348) generate three TTL synchronous pulse signals as shown in fig. 2: the first path of TTL signal has a period of 500ns and a duty ratio of 50% and is used for controlling laser; a second path of TTL signals with the same pulse period as the first path of TTL signals, wherein the second path of TTL signals with the high level time of 50ns is arranged in the interval of the first path of TTL signals with the low level and is used for controlling the microwave source; the duty ratio of the third path of TTL is 50%, the duration time of the high level is the sum of the cycle time of the M first paths of TTL, and the duration time is used for controlling the microwave switch.
The center frequency of the scanning microwave signal is set to be 2870MHz, and the scanning range is 550 MHz. After red fluorescence is generated by a diamond NV color center, a corresponding quantum analog signal is input through an SMA radio frequency port, the input signal is amplified by 10-20dB to become a differential signal through single-end to differential conversion, then the differential signal enters an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (16DV160) for digital sampling, the sampled digital signal enters an FPGA core board for signal filtering and processing, and 8 centrosymmetric and mutually independent resonance peaks can be measured through an ODMR technology.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a design scheme of a software part of an FPGA.
The FPGA firstly carries out direct current compensation processing on a sampled signal, the direct current compensation amount is calibrated by a direct current/alternating current calibration module, then the sampled signal enters an FIFO queue for caching, the cached signal is subjected to digital filtering processing by a BFP band-pass filter module, the bandwidth of the filtered signal is narrow and only has 1kHz, the signal after digital filtering enters an FFT (fast Fourier transform) module for spectrum analysis processing, spectrum data is firstly subjected to frequency domain alternating current compensation, then enters a quantum signal analysis module for ODMR (optical frequency resonance spectroscopy) magnetic resonance spectrum analysis, the quantum signal analysis module locks the peak value of a frequency domain signal, on one hand, a quantum signal main control module controls the frequency of a magnetic resonance microwave pumping signal by a quantum signal TTL (transistor-transistor logic) signal generator module, on the other hand, the peak intensity of the frequency domain is captured by the quantum signal analysis module, and the, the quantum signal master control module can obtain a complete ODMR spectrum scanning data. The related data can be sent to the PC software through the Ethernet module for subsequent further imaging data processing. Because the sampled signal is about 10MHz, 160M clocks are adopted by the standard signal generation module, the direct current compensation module, the FIFO module, the band-pass filter module and the FFT spectrum analysis module, nanosecond pulse time domain resolution is required by the quantum signal TTL generator module, 500M clocks are adopted, 125M is adopted by the Ethernet, and 50MHz clocks are adopted by the rest modules.
Claims (10)
1. A quantum light detection magnetic resonance signal collector based on FPGA is characterized by comprising a synchronous signal generator and a synchronous spectrum analyzer; the synchronous signal generator comprises a first power supply voltage reduction module, a low-dropout voltage regulator, a fully differential amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and an FPGA core board; the synchronous spectrum analyzer module comprises a second power supply voltage reduction module, an FPGA core board and four paths of differential receivers; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first power supply voltage reduction module is respectively connected with the fully differential amplifier, the low-voltage-difference voltage regulator, the FPGA core board and the four-way differential receiver and is used for providing 5V voltage;
the second power supply voltage reduction module is used for providing 3.3V voltage for the Ethernet port, and the Ethernet port is in data communication with the FPGA core board through network port conversion;
the low-dropout voltage regulator is connected with the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and is used for providing 1.8V and 3.3V voltages;
the fully differential amplifier is connected with the analog-to-digital converter ADC and used for amplifying an input signal;
the analog-to-digital converter ADC is connected with the FPGA core board and is used for carrying out digital sampling;
the FPGA core board is respectively connected with the analog-to-digital converter ADC and the four-path differential receiver, and is correspondingly used for carrying out synchronous spectrum analysis on the acquired signals and generating four-path TTL signals;
and the four paths of differential receivers are connected with the FPGA core board and are used for level conversion and current drive.
2. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 1, wherein the fully differential amplifier is used for amplifying 10-20dB of an input signal after single-ended conversion to differential and converting the input signal into a differential signal.
3. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 1, wherein the ADC adopts a dual-channel input, the sampling frequency is up to 160MSPS, and the output is DDR LVDS output.
4. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 3, wherein the ADC adopts 16DV 160.
5. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 1, wherein a50 MHz clock crystal oscillator is built in the FPGA core board, and the clock is frequency-doubled to 500MHz by an internal frequency doubling circuit; a square wave signal with a period of 2ns and any adjustable duty ratio is formed by using a500 MHz clock signal, and then the square wave signal is directly connected with an external driver through an LVDS interface for output; the IDC100 high-speed plug connector is butted with a motherboard; the SPI output port of the FPGA may calibrate the analog-to-digital converter ADC.
6. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 5, wherein a DDR SRAM and a FLASH are built in the FPGA core board and used for realizing FFT and one-frame data caching, and the FLASH is used for programming an FPGA starting program.
7. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 6, wherein the FPGA core board is an AC6045 integrated core board.
8. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 1, wherein the four-way differential receiver supports a fastest rise time of 650ps and a fall time of 400 ps.
9. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 8, wherein the four-way differential receiver employs SN65LVDS 348.
10. The FPGA-based quantum optical detection magnetic resonance signal collector of claim 1, wherein the FPGA and the fully differential amplifier are connected through a calibration module, and the calibration module is used for adjusting the amplification factor of the fully differential amplifier.
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