CN112083253B - Soil electrical parameter state inversion method under direct current - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil electrical parameter state inversion method under direct current, which belongs to the technical field of power system grounding and mainly comprises a thin columnar electrode, a direct current generating device, a voltage signal acquisition and recording device, a sliding block and the like; two ports of the direct current signal generation module are connected with two thin cylindrical electrodes on the outer side through leads, two ports of the voltage signal acquisition and recording module are connected with two thin cylindrical electrodes on the inner side through leads, the horizontal insulating flat rod is connected with the sliding block, the sliding block is connected with the electrode buckle, and the electrode buckle is connected with the thin cylindrical electrodes and is used for acquiring measured values of apparent electrical parameters of soil under different electrode spans; the method further comprises a line measuring and dividing structure for the target soil, and the line measuring and dividing structure is used for testing the unknown soil structure. The method can simply and conveniently calculate the closed-type solution of the earth electrical parameter under direct current, can effectively carry out comprehensive estimation on the electrical parameter structure under the complex soil environment, and can provide decision suggestions for the design and performance evaluation of the intelligent substation grounding system in the large power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grounding analysis of power systems, and particularly relates to a soil electrical parameter state inversion method under direct current.
Background
The grounding system of the smart grid is an important measure for guaranteeing personal and equipment safety. With the development of grounding technology, much attention has been paid to grounding resistance in the past, the grounding resistance is developed to pay more attention to step voltage and contact voltage, and the design of a grounding system is changed from simple design by using empirical formulas to complex and diversified numerical analysis design.
The soil structure parameter of the grounding area is one of the main bases of grounding engineering design, the apparent electrical parameter of the soil reflects the electrical characteristics of the soil in the grounding technology of the power system, and the soil is necessary for improving the reliability and the safety of power supply and knowing the ground surface potential distribution and the current dispersion rule of the current in the ground. In a complex non-isotropic non-uniform medium, the directions of a current density vector and an electric field intensity vector are inconsistent due to different states of soil electrical parameters on two sides of an interface, so that the current dispersion path in the ground is influenced, and it is seen that state inversion for analyzing the soil electrical parameters of the ground is very important along with the improvement of automation and intelligence degree of a large power grid.
In practice, uniform soil rarely exists, and solving for a soil model of the ground is always an important research subject in the field of power system engineering application. Currently, the research on the correlation of various national scholars in the world mainly focuses on the setting of a single and fixed model, and at present, the research on a complex and various earth soil electrical parameter state inversion method under a special working condition is not available. In order to provide a more reliable safe grounding guarantee for a large-range and large-capacity power grid grounding system, an intelligent matching analytic synchronization geoelectric parameter structure state inversion method is urgently needed, and a decision suggestion can be provided for design and performance evaluation of an intelligent substation grounding system in a large power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a soil electrical parameter state inversion method under direct current.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the first step is as follows: the method comprises the steps of building a direct current lower soil current parameter measurement test platform, wherein the direct current lower soil current parameter measurement test platform comprises a first sliding block, an electrode buckle I, a thin cylindrical electrode I, a second sliding block, an electrode buckle II, a thin cylindrical electrode II, a third sliding block, an electrode buckle III, a thin cylindrical electrode III, a fourth sliding block, an electrode buckle IV, a thin cylindrical electrode IV, a direct current generating device, a voltage signal acquisition and recording device, a first lead, a second lead, a third lead, a fourth lead, an insulating shell, a first handle, a second handle, a horizontal insulating flat rod and a central axis; the direct current generating device is respectively connected with the input end of the first lead and the input end of the fourth lead, the voltage signal acquisition and recording device is respectively connected with the input end of the second lead and the input end of the third lead, and the central axis is a vertical central axis of the platform; the output end of the first lead is embedded into the first sliding block and connected with the input end of the first thin columnar electrode, the first electrode buckle is connected with the input end of the first thin columnar electrode, and the first thin columnar electrode can vertically move up and down in the first sliding block; the output end of the second lead is embedded into a second sliding block and connected with the input end of a second thin columnar electrode, the second electrode buckle is connected with the input end of the second thin columnar electrode, and the second thin columnar electrode can vertically move up and down in the second sliding block; the output end of the third lead is embedded into a third sliding block and is connected with the input end of the third thin columnar electrode, the third electrode buckle is connected with the input end of the third thin columnar electrode, and the third thin columnar electrode can vertically move up and down in the third sliding block; the output end of the wire IV is embedded into a fourth sliding block and is connected with the input end of the thin cylindrical electrode IV, the electrode buckle IV is connected with the input end of the thin cylindrical electrode IV, and the thin cylindrical electrode IV can vertically move up and down in the fourth sliding block; the first sliding block, the second sliding block, the third sliding block and the fourth sliding block are all sleeved on the horizontal insulation flat rod, the first sliding block, the second sliding block, the third sliding block and the fourth sliding block can flexibly move left and right on the horizontal insulation flat rod in a horizontal mode, and a first handle and a second handle are mounted at the left end portion and the right end portion of the horizontal insulation flat rod respectively;
the second step is that: finding a target land, dividing the target land into measuring lines, measuring apparent soil electrical parameters, dividing the target land into six measuring lines by connecting the midpoints of square edges, wherein the divided measuring lines are respectively a measuring line I, a measuring line II, a measuring line III, a measuring line IV, a measuring line V and a measuring line VI, the measuring line III, the measuring line IV and the measuring line VI respectively form four side measuring lines of the square land, the measuring line I and the measuring line II respectively consist of connecting the midpoints of two opposite edges of the square land, the distances between four thin column electrodes are equal under each measuring line, the thin column electrode I and the thin column electrode IV are symmetrical about a central axis, the thin column electrode II and the thin column electrode III are symmetrical about the central axis, sliding a first sliding block, a second sliding block, a third sliding block and a fourth sliding block to enable the distances between probe copper electrodes to be l, when in test, a target test line is selected, then four corresponding thin cylindrical electrodes are inserted into the ground below the test line to be tested by adjusting the electrode buckle I, the electrode buckle II, the electrode buckle III and the electrode buckle IV, the direct current generating device sends out a direct current signal I, the voltage signal acquisition and recording device acquires and records a voltage signal V, and the distance between the probe copper electrodes can be measured under different electrode spans in the test line g to obtain an equivalent apparent electrical parameter rho under ag1Span the electrode into2a, 3a, the obtained equivalent apparent television parameter is rhog2、ρg3And the electrode spans under different measuring lines are set to be a, 2a and 3 a;
the third step: the fitness function is established as follows,
wherein alpha isi、βiRespectively the complex mirror image coefficient under the ith order, Z is the total number of the measuring lines, B is the total number of the measuring times under each measuring line, agcFor the electrode span at the c-th measurement in the g-th line, pgcIs the actual measured value of the apparent electrical parameter of the soil under the c measurement in the g measurement line, rho1,ρ2,…,ρnIs a conceptual solution of the resistivity of 1-n layers of soil under the horizontal layering of soil, h1,h2,…,hnIs a conceptual solution of the thickness of 1-n layers of soil under the horizontal layered soil. The optimal closed solution of the soil electrical parameters of each layer can be obtained by obtaining the structure of the geoelectric parameters when the theoretical value of the geoelectric parameters on the measuring line approaches to the measured value of the geoelectric parameters through a cuckoo search mechanism,
xi,dfor the ith iteration of the soil electrical parameter solution, xi,d+1Performing the ith soil electrical parameter solution for the (d + 1) th iteration; r, ε are random numbers between 0 and 1, xl,d、xj,dAre any two sets of solutions for the d-th iteration, and P is the probability of discovery.
The fourth step: evaluating the target soil electrical parameter structure, and firstly homogenizing the soil electrical parameter structure evaluation factor E through the change curve of the measured value of the soil electrical parameter along with the electrode spanh；
Finally, the obtained soil electrical parameter structure collaborative evaluation factor E is as follows:
wherein Q is the total number of measurements to vary the span of the different electrodes, Fmin(ρ1,h1,ρ2,h2,…,ρn,hn) The total measuring line number Z is 6 as the minimum value of the fitness function; the measurement frequency B of each measuring line is 3;
when E is within the range of (-infinity, -0.3) U (0.3, infinity), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a vertical layered soil electrical parameter structure containing special rock blocks or vertical cracks; when E belongs to [ -0.3,0.3], a horizontal layered model structure is satisfied, and a corresponding closed solution of the earth soil electrical parameter structure can be obtained; when E is E [ -0.3,0), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a horizontal three-layer soil structure; when E is 0, the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a simple substance uniform soil structure; and when E is equal to (0, 0.3), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a horizontal two-layer soil structure.
The fifth step: and (3) performing soil electrical parameter state inversion under different target fields, setting different measuring line lengths according to the soil condition of the target ground, and repeating the second step and the third step to perform soil electrical parameter state inversion under different target ground environments.
The inversion method provided by the invention can effectively invert the unknown soil electrical parameter state of the earth, can further judge the soil electrical parameter structure of the required target earth according to the inversion result, is beneficial to improving the grounding design effect of the intelligent large power grid grounding system, and is beneficial to improving the safety and the economy of the intelligent power grid construction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method can effectively realize the matching analysis judgment of the states of the earth soil electrical parameters with different complex structures, and the collaborative judgment factors have convenience and universality;
2) the experimental platform device is convenient to operate, simple and practical, and has safe reliability and simplicity in measuring the apparent television parameters of the target in an unknown complex area;
3) through the line measurement division and different fitness functions, the optimization mechanism in the system can accurately and reliably obtain the optimal solution of the fitness function value of the required parameter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a geodetic soil electrical parameter measurement test platform in use according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of a geodetic geodesic arrangement for a target earth;
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Fig. 1 and fig. 2 show that the experimental platform and the method provided by the present invention include the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the method comprises the steps of building a direct current lower soil current parameter measurement test platform, and comprises a first sliding block (1), a first electrode buckle (2), a first thin cylindrical electrode (3), a second sliding block (4), a second electrode buckle (5), a second thin cylindrical electrode (6), a third sliding block (7), a third electrode buckle (8), a third thin cylindrical electrode (9), a fourth sliding block (10), a fourth electrode buckle (11), a fourth thin cylindrical electrode (12), a direct current generating device (20), a voltage signal acquisition and recording device (21), a first lead (16), a second lead (17), a third lead (18), a fourth lead (19), an insulating shell (23), a first handle (14), a second handle (15), a horizontal insulating flat rod (13) and a central axis (22); the direct current generating device (20) is respectively connected with the input end of the first lead (16) and the input end of the fourth lead (19), the voltage signal acquisition and recording device (21) is respectively connected with the input end of the second lead (17) and the input end of the third lead (18), and the central axis (22) is a vertical central axis of the platform; the output end of the first lead (16) is embedded into the first sliding block (1) and is connected with the input end of the first thin cylindrical electrode (3), the first electrode buckle (2) is connected with the input end of the first thin cylindrical electrode (3), and the first thin cylindrical electrode (3) can vertically move up and down in the first sliding block (1); the output end of the second lead (17) is embedded into the second sliding block (4) and is connected with the input end of the second thin cylindrical electrode (6), the second electrode buckle (5) is connected with the input end of the second thin cylindrical electrode (6), and the second thin cylindrical electrode (6) can vertically move in the second sliding block (4) up and down; the output end of the lead III (18) is embedded into a third sliding block (7) and is connected with the input end of the thin columnar electrode III (9), the electrode buckle III (8) is connected with the input end of the thin columnar electrode III (9), and the thin columnar electrode III (9) can vertically move up and down in the third sliding block (7); the output end of the wire IV (19) is embedded into a fourth sliding block (10) and is connected with the input end of the thin cylindrical electrode IV (12), the electrode buckle IV (11) is connected with the input end of the thin cylindrical electrode IV (12), and the thin cylindrical electrode IV (12) can vertically move up and down in the fourth sliding block (10); the first sliding block (1), the second sliding block (4), the third sliding block (7) and the fourth sliding block (10) are all sleeved on the horizontal insulation flat rod (13), the first sliding block (1), the second sliding block (4), the third sliding block (7) and the fourth sliding block (10) can flexibly move horizontally left and right on the horizontal insulation flat rod (13), and a first handle (14) and a second handle (15) are respectively arranged at the left end part and the right end part of the horizontal insulation flat rod (13);
the second step is that: finding a target land, dividing the target land into measuring lines, measuring apparent soil electrical parameters, dividing the target land into six measuring lines by connecting the midpoints of the opposite sides of a square, wherein the divided measuring lines are a first measuring line (51), a second measuring line (52), a third measuring line (53), a fourth measuring line (54), a fifth measuring line (55) and a sixth measuring line (56), the third measuring line (53), the fourth measuring line (54), the fifth measuring line (55) and the sixth measuring line (56) respectively form four side measuring lines of the square land, the first measuring line (51) and the second measuring line (52) respectively form pairwise opposite midpoint connecting lines of the square land, the distances between the four thin column electrodes under each measuring line are equal in pairs, the first thin column electrode (3) and the fourth thin column electrode (12) are symmetrical about a central axis (22), and the second thin column electrode (6) and the third thin column electrode (9) are symmetrical about the central axis (22), sliding the first sliding block (1), the second sliding block (4), the third sliding block (7) and the fourth sliding block (10) to enable the distance between the probe copper electrodes to be l, selecting a target measuring line firstly during testing, and enabling four corresponding thin columnar electrodes to be inserted into a to-be-tested electrode to be tested by adjusting the electrode buckle I (2), the electrode buckle II (5), the electrode buckle III (8) and the electrode buckle IV (11)In the land under the measuring line, the direct current generating device (20) sends out a direct current signal I, the voltage signal acquisition and recording device (21) acquires and records a voltage signal V, and under different electrode spans in the measuring line g, the equivalent apparent television parameter rho of which the distances between the probe copper electrodes are all ag1Changing the electrode span separation into 2a and 3a, and obtaining equivalent apparent electrical parameter rhog2、ρg3And the electrode spans under different measuring lines are set to be a, 2a and 3 a;
the third step: the fitness function is established as follows,
wherein: alpha is alphai、βiRespectively the complex mirror image coefficient under the ith order, Z is the total number of the measuring lines, B is the total number of the measuring times under each measuring line, agcFor the electrode span at the c-th measurement in the g-th line, pgcIs the actual measured value of the apparent electrical parameter of the soil under the c measurement in the g measurement line, rho1,ρ2,…,ρnIs a conceptual solution of the resistivity of 1-n layers of soil under the horizontal layering of soil, h1,h2,…,hnIs a conceptual solution of the thickness of 1-n layers of soil under the horizontal layered soil. The optimal closed solution of the soil electrical parameters of each layer can be obtained by obtaining the structure of the geoelectric parameters when the theoretical value of the geoelectric parameters on the measuring line approaches to the measured value of the geoelectric parameters through a cuckoo search mechanism,
xi,dfor the ith iteration of the soil electrical parameter solution, xi,d+1Performing the ith soil electrical parameter solution for the (d + 1) th iteration; r, ε are random numbers between 0 and 1, xl,d、xj,dAre any two sets of solutions for the d-th iteration, and P is the probability of discovery.
The fourth step: structure for evaluating electric parameters of target soilFirstly homogenizing the soil electrical parameter structure evaluation factor E through the change curve of the soil electrical parameter measured value along with the electrode spanh；
Finally, the obtained soil electrical parameter structure collaborative evaluation factor E is as follows:
wherein Q is the total number of measurements to vary the span of the different electrodes, Fmin(ρ1,h1,ρ2,h2,…,ρn,hn) The total measuring line number Z is 6 as the minimum value of the fitness function; the measurement frequency B of each measuring line is 3;
when E is within the range of (-infinity, -0.3) U (0.3, infinity), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a vertical layered soil electrical parameter structure containing special rock blocks or vertical cracks; when E belongs to [ -0.3,0.3], a horizontal layered model structure is satisfied, and a corresponding closed solution of the earth soil electrical parameter structure can be obtained; when E is E [ -0.3,0), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a horizontal three-layer soil structure; when E is 0, the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a simple substance uniform soil structure; and when E is equal to (0, 0.3), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a horizontal two-layer soil structure.
The fifth step: and (3) performing soil electrical parameter state inversion under different target fields, setting different measuring line lengths according to the soil condition of the target ground, and repeating the second step and the third step to perform soil electrical parameter state inversion under different target ground environments.
Claims (1)
1. A soil electrical parameter state inversion method under direct current is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the method comprises the steps of building a direct current lower soil current parameter measurement test platform, and comprises a first sliding block (1), a first electrode buckle (2), a first thin cylindrical electrode (3), a second sliding block (4), a second electrode buckle (5), a second thin cylindrical electrode (6), a third sliding block (7), a third electrode buckle (8), a third thin cylindrical electrode (9), a fourth sliding block (10), a fourth electrode buckle (11), a fourth thin cylindrical electrode (12), a direct current generating device (20), a voltage signal acquisition and recording device (21), a first lead (16), a second lead (17), a third lead (18), a fourth lead (19), an insulating shell (23), a first handle (14), a second handle (15), a horizontal insulating flat rod (13) and a central axis (22);
the direct current generating device (20) is respectively connected with the input end of the first lead (16) and the input end of the fourth lead (19), the voltage signal acquisition and recording device (21) is respectively connected with the input end of the second lead (17) and the input end of the third lead (18), and the central axis (22) is a vertical central axis of the platform; the output end of the first lead (16) is embedded into the first sliding block (1) and is connected with the input end of the first thin columnar electrode (3), the first electrode buckle (2) is connected with the input end of the first thin columnar electrode (3), and the first thin columnar electrode (3) can vertically move up and down in the first sliding block (1); the output end of the second lead (17) is embedded into the second sliding block (4) and is connected with the input end of the second thin cylindrical electrode (6), the second electrode buckle (5) is connected with the input end of the second thin cylindrical electrode (6), and the second thin cylindrical electrode (6) can vertically move in the second sliding block (4) up and down; the output end of the lead III (18) is embedded into a third sliding block (7) and is connected with the input end of the thin columnar electrode III (9), the electrode buckle III (8) is connected with the input end of the thin columnar electrode III (9), and the thin columnar electrode III (9) can vertically move up and down in the third sliding block (7); the output end of the wire IV (19) is embedded into a fourth sliding block (10) and is connected with the input end of the thin cylindrical electrode IV (12), the electrode buckle IV (11) is connected with the input end of the thin cylindrical electrode IV (12), and the thin cylindrical electrode IV (12) can vertically move up and down in the fourth sliding block (10); the first sliding block (1), the second sliding block (4), the third sliding block (7) and the fourth sliding block (10) are all sleeved on the horizontal insulation flat rod (13), the first sliding block (1), the second sliding block (4), the third sliding block (7) and the fourth sliding block (10) can flexibly move horizontally left and right on the horizontal insulation flat rod (13), and a first handle (14) and a second handle (15) are respectively arranged at the left end part and the right end part of the horizontal insulation flat rod (13);
the second step is that: finding target land and targetingDividing a measuring line of the land, then measuring apparent soil electrical parameters, firstly dividing a target ground in a mode of connecting square and square opposite side midpoints, wherein six measuring lines are needed, the divided measuring lines are respectively a measuring line I (51), a measuring line II (52), a measuring line III (53), a measuring line IV (54), a measuring line V (55) and a measuring line VI (56), the measuring line III (53), the measuring line IV (54), the measuring line V (55) and the measuring line VI (56) respectively form four side measuring lines of the square land, the measuring line I (51) and the measuring line II (52) respectively form pairwise opposite side midpoints of the square land, the distances between the four thin column electrodes under each measuring line are equal pairwise, the thin column electrode I (3) and the thin column electrode IV (12) are symmetrical about a central axis (22), and the thin column electrode II (6) and the thin column electrode III (9) are symmetrical about the central axis (22), sliding a first sliding block (1), a second sliding block (4), a third sliding block (7) and a fourth sliding block (10) to enable the distances between the probe copper electrodes to be l, selecting a target measuring line firstly during testing, then inserting four corresponding thin columnar electrodes into the ground below the measuring line to be tested through adjusting a first electrode buckle (2), a second electrode buckle (5), a third electrode buckle (8) and a fourth electrode buckle (11), sending a direct current signal I by a direct current generating device (20), acquiring and recording by a voltage signal acquiring and recording device (21) to obtain a voltage signal V, and measuring to obtain the equivalent apparent electrical parameter rho under the condition that the distances between the probe copper electrodes are a under different electrode spans in a measuring line gg1Changing the electrode span separation into 2a and 3a, and obtaining equivalent apparent electrical parameter rhog2、ρg3And the electrode spans under different measuring lines are set to be a, 2a and 3 a;
the third step: a fitness function is established and the fitness function is established,
wherein: alpha is alphai、βiRespectively the complex mirror image coefficient under the ith order, Z is the total number of the measuring lines, B is the total number of the measuring times under each measuring line, agcFor the electrode span at the c-th measurement in the g-th line, pgcFor soil under the c measurement in the g measurement lineActual measurement of apparent television parameters, p1,ρ2,…,ρnIs a conceptual solution of the resistivity of 1-n layers of soil under the horizontal layering of soil, h1,h2,…,hnIs a conceptual solution of the thickness of 1-n layers of soil under the horizontal layered soil; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a geoelectric parameter structure which enables the theoretical value of the geoelectric parameters on the measuring line to approach the measured value of the geoelectric parameters through a cuckoo search mechanism, obtaining an optimal closed solution of the geoelectric parameters of each layer of soil, and optimizing the optimal closed solution in a mode that
xi,dFor the ith iteration of the soil electrical parameter solution, xi,d+1Performing the ith soil electrical parameter solution for the (d + 1) th iteration; r, ε are random numbers between 0 and 1, xl,d、xj,dIs any two groups of solutions of the d iteration, and P is the discovery probability;
the fourth step: evaluating the target soil electrical parameter structure, and firstly homogenizing the soil electrical parameter structure evaluation factor E through the change curve of the measured value of the soil electrical parameter along with the electrode spanh；
Finally, obtaining a ground soil electrical parameter structure collaborative evaluation factor E:
wherein Q is the total number of measurements to vary the span of the different electrodes, Fmin(ρ1,h1,ρ2,h2,…,ρn,hn) The total measuring line number Z is 6 as the minimum value of the fitness function; the measurement frequency B of each measuring line is 3;
when E is within the range of (-infinity, -0.3) U (0.3, infinity), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a vertical layered soil electrical parameter structure containing special rock blocks or vertical cracks; when E belongs to [ -0.3,0.3], a horizontal layered model structure is satisfied, and a corresponding closed solution of the earth soil electrical parameter structure can be obtained; when E is E [ -0.3,0), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a horizontal three-layer soil structure; when E is 0, the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a simple substance uniform soil structure; when E belongs to (0, 0.3), the soil electrical parameter structure representing the target land is a horizontal two-layer soil structure;
the fifth step: and (3) performing soil electrical parameter state inversion under different target fields, setting different measuring line lengths according to the soil condition of the target ground, and repeating the second step and the third step to perform soil electrical parameter state inversion under different target ground environments.
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