CN112076258A - Application of pericarpium citri reticulatae essential oil in preparation of product for preventing or treating arthritis - Google Patents
Application of pericarpium citri reticulatae essential oil in preparation of product for preventing or treating arthritis Download PDFInfo
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- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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Abstract
The invention provides application of tangerine peel essential oil in preparation of a product for preventing or treating arthritis. The research result of the invention shows that the tangerine peel essential oil component can relieve the CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis of rats and effectively relieve the joint tissue damage caused by the CFA, and the tangerine peel essential oil can inhibit the pathological change degree of the arthritis and control the joint inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the activity expression of tumor necrosis factors TNF-alpha and COX-2, thereby relieving the pain of patients caused by the arthritis to the maximum extent and providing a new choice for developing novel anti-arthritis medicaments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicines, in particular to application of dried orange peel essential oil in preparation of a product for preventing or treating arthritis.
Background
Arthritis is a global chronic inflammatory joint disease. Arthritis generally refers to inflammatory diseases occurring in one or more joints of the human body, mainly manifested by swelling and tenderness, caused by inflammatory invasion in joint cavities, cartilage or bone degeneration, trauma or other factors, and can be divided into tens of kinds. The clinical manifestations are red, swelling, heat, pain, dysfunction and joint deformity of joints, and severe patients cause joint disability and affect the life quality of patients.
There are currently 3.55 billion arthritic patients worldwide. In asia, one in six people suffer from arthritis at some stage of life, which is the first disabling disease in the world. By 2015, continental china is estimated to have more than 1 billion arthritis sufferers, and this figure is increasing. There are over 100 different types of arthritis, the most common of which are osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid arthritis can invade joint membranes, cartilage tissues and bones, and the main symptoms are inflammation, including joint congestion, joint tenderness, joint fever, joint pain, joint swelling, difficulty in flexion and extension, joint aversion to cold, thirst, limb numbness, frequent micturition, cold hands and feet, mental fatigue, dysphoria, fever, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, dizziness, aversion to cold, yellow and turbid urine, limb sleepiness and other symptoms. Unlike osteoarthritis, the disease can affect general health, such as loss of appetite, general malaise. 80% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis are between 35 and 50 years old, but the elderly and children can also get ill. Because the etiology of the disease has a complex relationship with heredity, infection, environment and immunity, the disease cannot be completely cured clinically, and the disease can be controlled only through drug treatment to maintain the function of joints.
At present, symptoms of arthritis patients are relieved by oral administration of opioid analgesics (acetaminophen and central analgesics) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but osteoarthritis cannot be cured fundamentally, and meanwhile, the drugs have more adverse reactions in the cardiovascular system and the gastrointestinal tract system, so that the application range of the drugs is limited, and therefore, the development of novel anti-osteoarthritis drugs is urgently needed. Natural medicines are important treasure in China, and due to the characteristics of wide sources, rich components and few adverse reactions, the natural medicines are easy to accept by human bodies when being developed into new medicines, and are more and more concerned by researchers at home and abroad. At present, the research on finding novel and effective active medicinal substances for treating osteoarthritis from natural medicines has been focused, for example, patent CN201510121989.6 provides the application of CDCA in preparing medicines for treating osteoarthritis, which can obviously improve inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, cartilage surface layer destruction and other conditions of osteoarthritis.
The tangerine peel essential oil is a main component of citrus essential oil, has mild stimulation effect on gastrointestinal tracts, can promote secretion of digestive juice, eliminates pneumatosis in intestinal tracts, and shows the effects of aromatic stomach strengthening and wind dispelling; also has expectorant and antiasthmatic effects; in addition, the compound has certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but the application in the preparation of the anti-arthritis drugs is not reported in the research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide application of tangerine peel essential oil in preparation of anti-arthritis products, research results of the invention show that tangerine peel essential oil components can relieve CFA-induced rat rheumatoid arthritis and effectively relieve joint tissue damage caused by CFA, and the tangerine peel essential oil can inhibit the pathological change degree of arthritis and control the joint inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the activity expression of tumor necrosis factors TNF-alpha and COX-2, so that the pain of patients caused by the arthritis is relieved to the maximum extent, and therefore, the tangerine peel essential oil can be used for developing novel anti-arthritis medicines.
The invention aims to provide application of dried orange peel essential oil in preparation of a product for preventing or treating arthritis.
The invention also aims to provide application of the dried orange peel essential oil in preparing products for resisting joint tissue damage.
The invention also aims to provide application of the dried orange peel essential oil in preparing products for inhibiting the expression of TNF-alpha protein.
The invention also aims to provide application of the dried orange peel essential oil in preparing products for inhibiting NF-kappa B p65 cell activation.
The invention also aims to provide application of the dried orange peel essential oil in preparing a product for inhibiting COX-2 protein expression.
The invention also aims to provide application of the tangerine peel essential oil in preparing products for retarding synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators PGEs.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a medicament for preventing or treating arthritis.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
according to the invention, a CFA-induced rat rheumatoid arthritis model is constructed, and the improvement condition of the pericarpium citri reticulatae essential oil on the CFA-induced rat rheumatoid arthritis is detected according to the foot paw damage degree of the rat, and the result shows that the pericarpium citri reticulatae essential oil component can relieve the CFA-induced rat rheumatoid arthritis. After the CFA induction, the surface layer structure of the joint tissue of the rat is damaged, and the crypts are seriously damaged, which shows that joint mucosal cells can be damaged by continuously using the CFA solution, so that the rheumatoid arthritis is induced, after the tangerine peel essential oil is given, the disease course of the joint mucosal cells is better improved, the damage degree of the crypts is also reduced, and shows that the tangerine peel essential oil can effectively relieve the joint tissue damage caused by the CFA. After the CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis model of rats is given with the tangerine peel essential oil, the activity expression of tumor necrosis factors TNF-alpha and COX-2 can be inhibited, and the shadow of the generated inflammation is obviously reduced. The tangerine peel essential oil can effectively reduce inflammatory factors and achieve the purpose of relieving rheumatoid arthritis.
Therefore, the invention requests to protect the application of the tangerine peel essential oil in preparing products for preventing or treating arthritis.
The dried orange peel essential oil can be purchased through a market and can also be prepared by self.
Preferably, the arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis. The symptoms of the rheumatoid arthritis include joint congestion, joint tenderness, joint fever, joint pain, joint swelling, difficulty in flexion and extension, joint aversion to cold, dizziness, cold intolerance, yellow and turbid urine, limb sleepiness and the like.
Further preferably, the rheumatoid arthritis is freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) -induced rheumatoid arthritis.
The invention also discloses application of the tangerine peel essential oil in preparing products for resisting joint tissue damage.
Preferably, the joint tissue damage is joint tissue mucosal cell damage.
In addition, the application of the tangerine peel essential oil in preparing products for inhibiting the expression of TNF-alpha protein, the application of the tangerine peel essential oil in preparing products for inhibiting the activation of NF-kappa B p65 cells, the application of the tangerine peel essential oil in preparing products for inhibiting the expression of COX-2 protein and the application of the tangerine peel essential oil in preparing products for inhibiting the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators PGEs are all within the protection range of the invention.
The product is a health product or a medicine.
The invention also provides a medicament for preventing or treating arthritis, which comprises the dried orange peel essential oil and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials, and is prepared into different dosage forms.
The medicine is orally taken or externally applied, and the preparation may be tablet, pill, dispersant, granule, Chinese medicine decoction, spray, plaster, powder for injection, etc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses the tangerine peel essential oil for preventing or treating arthritis for the first time, and the result shows that the tangerine peel essential oil can effectively inhibit the pathological change degree of the arthritis, control endogenous inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha and inhibit the expression of the activity of COX-2, and further block the synthesis and the release of inflammatory mediators PGEs, thereby improving the symptoms of the arthritis, enhancing the anti-pathological change capability, the recovery capability and the absorption function, being used for various inflammatory diseases related to the arthritis, and providing a new way for researching and developing new medicines for preventing or treating the arthritis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a rear right leg joint view (A) taken on the last day of experiment of example 1 rats; scoring the damage degree of the joint of the rat, and drawing a linear graph (B) after collecting the joint data of the rat;
FIG. 2 is the HE staining analysis chart of rat joint tissue in example 2, and the Niger staining chart of paraffin section of rat joint tissue in example 2, wherein the magnification of the section is 10 times;
FIG. 3 is a TNF- α protein expression map of rat joint tissue in example 3, wherein (A) is an immunohistochemical map of paraffin section of rat joint tissue in example 3 at a magnification of 10 times, and (B) is a TNF- α protein expression quantification map of rat joint tissue in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a COX-2 protein expression map of rat joint tissue in example 3, wherein (A) is an immunohistochemistry map of paraffin section of rat joint tissue in example 3 at a magnification of 10 times, and (B) is a TNF- α protein expression quantification map of rat joint tissue in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
In the specific embodiment, the used essential oil raw materials are purchased from traditional Chinese medicine shops in the Tongrentang, Guangzhou, and the related reagents are purchased from related chemical companies.
All animals (42 male rats at 6-8 weeks of age, body weight 160-180 g) were purchased from the center of laboratory animals in Guangdong province (approved document: SCXK/20130002). Rat feed was purchased from the laboratory animal center of traditional Chinese medicine university, Guangzhou. The experimental animals are raised in a clean-grade laminar flow frame, the temperature and air condition of the raising environment are controlled to be 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 75 +/-10%, and the illumination time is 12h/d (7:00-19: 00). Sufficient food and water were provided during the study. All animal experimental protocols have passed ethical guidelines of the experimental animal center of university of zhongshan.
Example 1 amelioration of CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats by essential oil of citrus peel
1. Experimental methods
(1) Animal grouping:
adult male rats, 42, were taken prior to the experiment and were acclimatized for one week (7 days). The 42 rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each, and the skin of the right toe was routinely disinfected before arthritis occurred. Except for the normal control group (Con), the rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.1mL of CFA on days 8 and 16, respectively, for arthritis induction.
(a) Normal control group (Con: normal control): it was not tested and was kept from day 0 until the end of the experiment (day 21).
(b) Negative control group (NC: negative control group): from day 8 until the end of the experiment (day 21), tween 80 was administered according to a weight of 1mL/kg and was injected into the stomach by syringe.
(c) Positive control group (PC: positive control group): from day 8 to the end of the experiment (day 21), ibuprofen (17mg/kg, dissolved in tween 80) was administered and injected into the stomach by syringe.
(d) Essential oil of fragrant Citrus (CJEOs: Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka essential group): orange essential oil (100mg/kg, dissolved in tween 80) was administered from the start of day 8 to the end of the experiment (day 21) and injected into the stomach by syringe.
(e) Grapefruit essence oil group (CPEOs: Citrus paradisi Macf essential oils group): from the start of day 8 to the end of the experiment (day 21), grapefruit essential oil (100mg/kg, dissolved in tween 80) was administered and injected into the stomach by syringe.
(f) Bergamot essence oil (CLEOs: Citrus limon (L.). Burm.F. essential oil group): from the start of day 8 to the end of the trial (day 21), bergamot essential oil (100mg/kg, dissolved in tween 80) was administered and injected into the stomach by syringe.
(g) Dried orange peel essential oil group (CRBEOs: Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil group): from the start of day 8 to the end of the trial (day 21), essential oil of citrus peel (100mg/kg, dissolved in tween 80) was administered and injected into the stomach by syringe.
(2) Test method
After the experiment of the last day is finished, photographing the joint of the right leg at the rear side of each rat, measuring the foot sole swelling inhibition rate of the rat according to the volume, the thickness and the weight of the paw, and grading the arthritis of the rat according to the condition
2. Results of the experiment
The results are shown in FIG. 1, in which FIG. 1(A) is a diagram of the hindfoot joint portion group after the experiment was completed. (A) The swelling degree of the feet and claws of rats with orange essential oil group and orange essential oil group with higher content of the tangerine peel essential oil is obviously improved compared with that of a negative control group. The swelling degree of the paws of the rats in the dried orange peel essential oil group is close to or even exceeds that of the rats in the positive control group. Thus, the tangerine peel essential oil has good anti-inflammatory effect.
FIG. 1(B) is a line graph plotted after rat joint data collection. (B) Severity of plantar erythema, swelling and stiffness was assessed and graded using a 5-point method:
0-ankle/wrist with no signs of disease/no swelling,
1-slight swelling and erythema of the ankle/wrist joint,
2-ankle/wrist swelling and erythema,
3-severe swelling of the ankle/wrist and erythema,
4 ═ paw or foreleg swelling, and erythema/swelling of the entire foot, resulting in loss of mobility.
All rat paw data were collected and plotted as a histogram, and it can be seen that the scores for all four citrus essential oil groups were less than the negative control group, wherein the scores for the CRBEOs group were the same as the positive control group. Proved that the tangerine peel essential oil can relieve the rheumatoid arthritis of rats induced by CFA.
Example 2 Effect of orange peel essential oil on CFA-induced mucosal cell injury in rat articular tissue
1. Experimental methods
The experimental group and the administration scheme of the embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, after the administration of rats is finished, the rats are killed by dislocation of the spine, the complete joint tissues are taken out to prepare paraffin sections and carry out HE staining, and the operation steps comprise:
soaking the joint tissues in a 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 6 hours;
and (3) dehydrating: gradually increasing low-concentration alcohol to high-concentration alcohol, placing into 50%, 70%, 80% and 95% alcohol for 12-24 hours respectively, placing 100% alcohol for 2-3 hours, then placing into dimethylbenzene and alcohol for half an hour, and then placing into dimethylbenzene until the specimen is transparent;
wax penetration: moving the joint tissue into xylene and paraffin, placing into a 60 ℃ incubator for half an hour, and then moving into paraffin to enable the paraffin to penetrate into the tissue;
embedding: pouring the dissolved paraffin into a metal frame, cooling to be solid → slicing, placing the paraffin block on a slicing machine, slicing into 7 mu m slices, then placing the slices into a warm water dish, unfolding, placing the slices in an oven at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, and drying;
HE dyeing;
dewaxing: baking slices at 60 ℃: 0.5-1h, TMI: 10min, TM 2: 5 min;
hydration: 100% ethanol for 5min, 95% ethanol for 5min, 85% ethanol for 5min, 75% ethanol for 5min, and distilled water for 1 min;
dyeing: hematoxylin staining for 5min, tap water washing for 5min, hydrochloric acid alcohol differentiation for 15s, tap water washing for 15s, distilled water washing for 2min, 75% ethanol for 5min, 85% ethanol for 5min, 95% ethanol for 5min, 100% ethanol for 5min, TMI: 10min, TM 2: 5 min;
sealing: dripping neutral gum on the glass slide tissue, slowly covering a cover glass, and taking care to avoid bubbles in the covering process;
pathological changes of joint mucosa are observed under an optical microscope.
2. Results of the experiment
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the HE staining of paraffin sections of rat joint tissues, wherein the magnification of the sections is 10 times, and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the joint tissues of the rats in the normal control group are complete in structure and have no damage to crypts. And after the CFA induction, the surface layer structure of the joint tissue of the rat is damaged, and the crypt is seriously damaged, which indicates that joint mucosal cells can be damaged by continuously using the CFA solution, so that the rheumatoid arthritis is induced. After the tangerine peel essential oil is given, the disease course of joint mucosal cells is better improved, and the hidden damage degree is also reduced, which shows that the tangerine peel essential oil can effectively relieve the joint tissue damage caused by CFA.
Example 3 Effect of orange peel essential oil on CFA-induced inflammatory response in rat articular tissues
1. Experimental methods
The experimental grouping and administration scheme of this example is the same as example 1, after administration of rats, the rats are killed by dislocation of the spine, and the intact joint tissues are taken out to prepare paraffin immunohistochemical sections, which comprises the following operation steps:
dewaxing and hydrating:
1. the sections were sequentially immersed in xylene I for 10min, xylene I (10 min).
2. Soaking in anhydrous ethanol I (5min), anhydrous ethanol II (5min) -95% ethanol (5min) -80% ethanol (5min) -70% ethanol (5min), and washing with deionized water for 2 times, each for 2 min.
Antigen retrieval:
3. the tissue slices were placed in a repair box and then an appropriate amount of 0.01M sodium citrate buffer (pH6.0) or EDTA repair solution (pH9.0) was added to submerge the tissue.
4. Microwave medium-grade repair for 20min (time is started when liquid boils), during which time no tissue dry-slices are allowed.
5. Taking out the repairing box from the microwave oven, naturally cooling, taking out the slide when the repairing solution is cooled to room temperature, washing with PBS (pH7.4) for 3 times, each time for 3min
Inactivation:
6. prepared 3% hydrogen peroxide (30% hydrogen peroxide diluted with deionized water) was added dropwise to the sliced tissue to block endogenous peroxidase, incubated at room temperature for 15min, and washed 3 times with PBS, 3min each.
Antibody incubation:
7. the PBS was blotted dry on absorbent paper, 5% normal serum (from the same or similar source as the secondary antibody species) was added dropwise to the slide and blocked for 30min at 37 ℃.
8. The liquid around the slide tissue was wiped dry with absorbent paper, a circle was drawn around the tissue with an oil pen, then TNF-. alpha. (1:200 dilution) and COX-2(1:200 dilution) were added dropwise, respectively, and after addition, incubation was carried out overnight in a wet box at 4 ℃. (the time is controlled to be more than 15 h).
Washing the section with PBS for 3 times, each time for 3min, wiping the section with absorbent paper, adding streptavidin (1: 200) labeled secondary antibody dropwise, and incubating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at 25 deg.C for 1 h.
Signal detection:
washing the slices with PBS for 4 times, each time for 3min, throwing away PBS liquid, wiping the slices with absorbent paper, dripping freshly prepared 3, 3-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) solution into each slice, developing, observing under a microscope, and obtaining a positive signal which is tan or tan. Peng comes to wash the sections with water to stop the color development.
Harris hematoxylin counterstain, generally 30s-1min, washing with water, differentiating with 1% hydrochloric acid alcohol, and washing with tap water to turn blue.
Dehydrating and fixing the sealing sheet:
12. placing the slices into water for washing, and then sequentially placing the slices into: dehydrating and transparent 70% -80% ethanol, 90% -95% ethanol absolute ethanol I-xylene I, standing each reagent for 2min, and air drying and slicing in a fume hood.
13. The neutral gum was dropped next to the tissue and covered with a coverslip. One side is firstly put flat, the other side is then put down lightly to avoid generating air bubbles, and the sealed slices are put in a fume hood for airing.
14. The dried sections can be viewed under a microscope or images can be collected. Image analysis software (ImageJ)TM) The number of positive cells was counted and observed with a fluorescence microscope (NIH, Bethesda, Md., USA).
2. Results of the experiment
Pathological changes of the paraffin immunohistochemical section of the joint mucosa were observed under a fluorescence microscope, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. Normally, the structure of the joint tissue should be intact and NF-. kappa. B p65 cells do not produce inflammatory factors. In pathological conditions, NF-kappa B p65 cells produce a large amount of inflammatory factors to damage joint mucosal tissues.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing TNF-. alpha.protein expression in rat joint tissues, in which (A) an immunohistochemical graph shows TNF-. alpha.protein expression in joint sections of each group of rat joint immunohistochemical staining (B) was quantitatively analyzed using Image-Pro plus 4.1 software, and then the results of the analysis were plotted using GraphPad Prism 8. Compared with a normal control group, NF-kappa B p65 cells in the CFA group are activated, yellow fluorescence is obviously aligned, and the drinking of CFA solution causes rheumatoid arthritis reaction. After the dried orange peel essential oil is given, the activation level of NF-kappa B p65 cells is inhibited, and the generated inflammation shadow is obviously reduced. Compared with a negative control group, the content of the inflammatory factors is obviously reduced, which shows that the tangerine peel essential oil can effectively reduce the activation of NF-kappa B p65 cells.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the expression of COX-2 protein in rat joint tissues, wherein (A) is an immunohistochemical graph showing the immunohistochemical staining of rat joints in each group (B) joint sections were quantitatively analyzed for COX-2 protein expression using Image-Pro plus 4.1 software, and the results of the analysis were plotted using GraphPad Prism 8. Compared with a normal control group, the inflammatory factors in the negative control group are obviously increased, the yellow fluorescence is obviously opposite, and the fact that drinking of the CFA solution can cause rheumatoid arthritis reaction is proved. And after the tangerine peel essential oil is given, compared with a negative control group, the generated inflammation shadow is obviously reduced, which shows that the tangerine peel essential oil can effectively reduce the activation of NF-kappa B p65 cells.
It should be finally noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and that other variations and modifications based on the above description and thought may be made by those skilled in the art, and that all embodiments need not be exhaustive. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Application of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae essential oil in preparing product for preventing or treating arthritis is provided.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the rheumatoid arthritis is Freund's complete adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Application of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae essential oil in preparing product for resisting joint tissue injury is provided.
5. The use of claim 4, wherein the damage to joint tissue is damage to mucosal cells in the joint tissue.
6. Application of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae essential oil in preparing product for inhibiting TNF-alpha protein expression is provided.
7. Application of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae essential oil in preparing product for inhibiting NF-kappa B p65 cell activation is provided.
8. Application of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae essential oil in preparing product for inhibiting COX-2 protein expression is provided.
9. Application of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae essential oil in preparing product for inhibiting synthesis and release of inflammatory medium PGEs is provided.
10. A medicament for preventing or treating arthritis is characterized by comprising tangerine peel essential oil and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials, and preparing into different dosage forms.
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| CN101125190A (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2008-02-20 | 关艳龙 | Powdered medicine active carbon mixture and preparation method thereof |
| CN105148238A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 刘思强 | Compound anti-inflammation, pain relieving and wind-damp expelling oil |
| WO2019017600A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | 계명대학교 산학협력단 | Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating osteoarthritis, containing sparassis crispa extract as active ingredient |
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