CN112075428B - 具有杀虫活性的不饱和脂肪酸的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了具有杀虫活性的不饱和脂肪酸的应用。本发明不饱和脂肪酸作为杀虫农药在防治害虫领域中的应用。本发明不饱和脂肪酸在制备杀虫农药中的应用。所述不饱和脂肪酸为(Z,Z)‑9,12‑十八烷二烯酸。本发明(Z,Z)‑9,12‑十八烷二烯酸对斜纹夜蛾等害虫具有良好的触杀效果;浓度为10mg/mL时对斜纹夜蛾的24h防效达100%,9.8mg/mL时击倒中时间为4.04min,具有良好的速效性。(Z,Z)‑9,12‑十八烷二烯酸与其它化学药剂联合应用,具体协同增效作用,特别是与毒死蜱的共毒系数达518.3。另外(Z,Z)‑9,12‑十八烷二烯酸制备成本低,来源广泛,易于商品化推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有杀虫活性的不饱和脂肪酸的应用,属于植物源农药领域。
背景技术
植物是有机化合物的宝库,全世界约有2400种植物具有控制有害生物的活性,其中约1600种以上被证明具有杀虫活性,其包含的活性成份有含氮化合物生物碱、胺、非蛋白氨基酸、生氰苷、芥子油等;萜类化合物单萜、倍半萜、二萜和皂苷等;酚类化合物黄酮类和醌类等以及单宁、木质素和纤维素等。这些物质对害虫(螨)具有毒杀、忌避、拒食、生长发育抑制等活性,并兼有杀菌、刺激作物生长等多种作用,在环境中易降解消失,环境和谐性良好,易与其他防治措施相协调,对农作物有营养作用及开发、生产费用相对低等特点。
不饱和脂肪酸广泛存在于植物、动物及菌类中,是人和动物体内必需的脂肪酸。在食物、药品领域做了大量的研究,但不饱和脂肪酸作为杀虫物质应用的报道很少,而(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供具有杀虫活性的不饱和脂肪酸的应用。
本发明提供的不饱和脂肪酸作为杀虫农药在防治害虫领域中的应用。
上述的应用中,所述不饱和脂肪酸为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸。
上述的应用中,所述害虫包括斜纹夜蛾、橡副珠蜡蚧、小菜蛾、菜青虫、萝卜蚜和椰心叶甲中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了所述不饱和脂肪酸在制备杀虫农药中的应用。
上述的应用中,所述不饱和脂肪酸为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸。
上述的应用中,所述杀虫农药为防治斜纹夜蛾、橡副珠蜡蚧、小菜蛾、菜青虫、萝卜蚜和椰心叶甲中的至少一种的农药。
本发明进一步提供了一种杀虫农药,该杀虫农药的活性成分为所述不饱和脂肪酸。
上述的杀虫农药中,所述不饱和脂肪酸为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸。
一种复合杀虫剂,包括不饱和脂肪酸和其他组分;
所述其他组分包括阿维菌素、氯氰菊酯、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和毒死蜱中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述不饱和脂肪酸和所述其他组分的质量比可为1:1~9;具体如(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸和毒死蜱的质量比可为1:1~9;
所述不饱和脂肪酸为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸对斜纹夜蛾等害虫具有良好的触杀效果;浓度为10mg/mL时对斜纹夜蛾的24h防效达100%,9.8mg/mL时击倒中时间为4.04min,具有良好的速效性。
2、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸与其它化学药剂联合应用,具体协同增效作用,特别是与毒死蜱的共毒系数达518.3。另外(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸制备成本低,来源广泛,易于商品化推广。
附图说明
图1为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力测定曲线。
图2为(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸作用于为斜纹夜蛾后的中毒症状的结果图。
图3为(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸的结构式。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
本发明所用斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾4龄幼虫、菜青虫4龄幼虫、萝卜蚜成虫、橡副珠蜡蚧3龄幼虫等均为实验室饲养虫源。
实施例1、
将不饱和脂肪酸:(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸(其结构式如图3所示)以20%(丙酮溶于水的体积浓度,下同)丙酮为溶剂,配制成10mg/mL溶液,采用浸渍法,以斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫为试虫,以20%丙酮为对照,其结果为在10mg/ml浓度下供试不饱和脂肪酸对斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫24h校正死亡率均达到100%。
表1不饱和脂肪酸对斜纹夜蛾触杀作用
实施例2、
将不饱和脂肪酸:(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸按8、6、4、2、1mg/mL深度梯度配制成溶液,溶液配制及浸渍法同本发明实施例1,测定了(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力,以20%丙酮为对照。结果表明:(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫具有较强的触杀活性,(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸致死中浓度为3.29mg/ml。
表2不饱和脂肪酸对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力测定
实施例3、
将(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸按表3配制成相应浓度的溶液,溶液配制及浸渍法同本发明实施例1,分别测定其对小菜蛾、菜青虫、萝卜蚜和椰心叶甲等害虫的毒力测定,以20%丙酮为对照,其结果见表4。
结果表明:(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸对几种供试害虫均有较好的触杀活性;其中对萝卜蚜成虫的活性最好,LC50为0.54mg/ml;其次为对橡副珠蜡蚧3龄幼虫的毒力,LC50为0.793mg/ml;对椰心叶甲4龄幼虫的毒力最低,但均具有良好的效果。
表3(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸对不同试虫的毒力测定稀释浓度
表4(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸对小菜蛾、椰心叶甲4龄幼虫等害虫的毒力测定
实施例4、
测定(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸不饱和脂肪酸对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫在LC90浓度下的击倒性,方法同本发明实施例2,其结果见表5。试虫在处理滤纸上爬行一段时间(几分钟到几十分钟不等)后死亡,中毒症状非常明显(图2)。(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸不饱和脂肪酸击倒中时间为4.04min。
表5不饱和脂肪酸对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的击倒性测定
实施例5、
分别测定(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸(简称F)与阿维菌素、氯氰菊酯、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(简称甲维盐)及毒死蜱的协同毒力指数,结果如表6所示,结果显示(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸与阿维菌素、氯氰菊酯、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(简称甲维盐)、敌敌畏和锐劲特为相加作用;(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸与三氟氯氰菊酯为拮抗作用;(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸与毒死蜱混合时有明显的增效作用,其协同毒力指数(C.f)达50.79。
表6F与其它杀虫剂混用对三龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫的协同毒力指数(c.f)
进一步测定(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸(简称F)与毒死蜱在不同配比(具体配比如表7所示)时对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力,计算其增效作用,结果剂量比为(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸与毒死蜱质量比1:9时的毒性比最大。并以孙云沛法算出(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸与毒死蜱的质量比1:9时的共毒系数(CTC),达518.3(表8)。
表7(Z,Z)9,12-十八烷二烯酸与毒死蜱不同配比对三龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫毒性比率
表8(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸与毒死蜱混配对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力
Claims (1)
1.一种复合杀虫剂,包括不饱和脂肪酸和毒死蜱;所述不饱和脂肪酸和所述毒死蜱的质量比为1:1~9;所述不饱和脂肪酸为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸。
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