CN112072220A - Absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter - Google Patents
Absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112072220A CN112072220A CN202010666924.0A CN202010666924A CN112072220A CN 112072220 A CN112072220 A CN 112072220A CN 202010666924 A CN202010666924 A CN 202010666924A CN 112072220 A CN112072220 A CN 112072220A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter which comprises a plurality of square filter units which are periodically arranged, wherein each filter unit comprises a loss absorption layer, an air layer and a lossless band-pass layer which are sequentially arranged from front to back, the loss absorption layer and the lossless band-pass layer are separated by the air layer, the loss absorption layer comprises a first metal layer and a first loss dielectric layer, and the lossless band-pass layer comprises a second metal layer, a second loss dielectric layer, a third metal layer, a third loss dielectric layer and a fourth metal layer which are sequentially superposed from front to back. The filter has the characteristic of bilateral broadband absorption, has excellent broadband absorption capacity, the absorption bandwidths of the filter can respectively reach 117.6 percent and 21.4 percent, the relative transmission bandwidth can reach 47 percent, free receiving and transmitting of signals in a working frequency band and absorption of interference signals on two sides of a passband can be realized, meanwhile, the filter has a broadband passband, certain scenes which have broadband requirements on the working frequency band can be met, and the filter has more practical application value compared with the traditional filter structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spatial filter, in particular to an absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the development of electronic devices tends to be diversified and generalized, the electromagnetic environment is increasingly complicated, and the requirement of a communication system on electromagnetic compatibility is higher and higher. In the design of a traditional band-pass filter, only the low insertion loss characteristic of an operating frequency band is considered, the interference of an out-of-band noise signal is usually realized only by enhancing reflection, however, the stray signal of the part of reflection influences other electronic equipment, and the technical index of a broadband communication system is rapidly deteriorated. How to ensure the normal communication of signals in the in-band operating frequency band and inhibit out-of-band interference signals becomes an important subject.
Meanwhile, in modern war, radar target stealth is one of very important indexes. Among these, radar antenna systems are important scattering sources, having a high radar scattering cross section (RCS) at certain frequencies. There are two main methods for reducing the radar scattering cross section: firstly, wave absorbing materials such as ferrite, magnetic materials and the like are coated, but the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be obviously reduced by the absorption coating method, and normal signal receiving and transmitting are influenced; and secondly, a structure similar to a frequency selection surface is adopted, the reflection direction of the reflected wave is changed, and the forward radiation signal is reduced. This method does not affect the performance of the antenna itself, but its secondary scattered spurious signals still interfere with the communication system equipment. With the development of multi-station radar and radar networking technology, the method cannot achieve the purpose of real stealth. How to realize the integrated design of communication and broadband absorption also becomes an important subject.
In recent years, the development of electromagnetic metamaterials has achieved remarkable results. Similar to a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS), a two-dimensional structure composed of a large number of metal resonance units which are periodically arranged and have specific shapes can realize the design of spatial filters such as band stop, low pass, high pass, band pass and the like. In the traditional frequency selection surface design, the problem of electromagnetic interference caused by out-of-band reflection is not considered. Under the background, the absorptive band-pass filter is produced, and can absorb signals outside a passband while ensuring free transceiving of passband signals, so that the combination of perfect stealth/wave absorption and normal communication is achieved. But the structure design has certain difficulty due to the consideration of wave-transmitting and wave-absorbing capacities. The design method generally adopted at present can be summarized into three steps: firstly, the lumped resistance element is loaded on the metal strip, impedance matching is realized on a certain frequency band, meanwhile, due to the existence of the metal grounding plate, energy cannot be reflected and transmitted, and surface current is consumed when passing through the resistance element, so that the wave absorbing effect is achieved; secondly, manufacturing structures which can be equivalent to similar capacitors and inductor devices by using metal strips loaded by lumped resistors, wherein the LC equivalent circuit structures resonate in a specific wave-absorbing frequency band, the impedance is close to infinity, and the LC equivalent circuit structures cannot be matched with free space, so that energy cannot be absorbed, and a reflection band is formed; and thirdly, replacing the original metal grounding plate structure with the band-pass FSS, wherein the pass band of the band-pass FSS is matched and corresponds to the reflection band of the second step, and finally, the effect of integrating absorption and penetration is realized. Current absorptive filters also face several bottlenecks: firstly, the existing design is mostly low-frequency wave-transmitting/high-frequency wave-absorbing or high-frequency wave-transmitting/low-frequency wave-absorbing single-side band absorption, and the effect in practical application has greater limitation; secondly, although wave-transparent and bilateral wave-absorbing have been reported, most of them improve relative absorption bandwidth on the basis of sacrificing transmission bandwidth, and it is difficult to consider both broadband transmission and broadband wave-absorbing capability. Therefore, the research on the spatial filter having both the broadband transmission and the broadband wave-absorbing ability is also an important subject.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of electromagnetic compatibility and radar target stealth in a complex electromagnetic environment, the invention provides an absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter, which has the characteristics of bilateral broadband absorption and excellent broadband absorption capacity, can realize free receiving and transmitting of signals in a working frequency band and absorption of interference signals on two sides of a passband, and has a broadband passband, so that certain scenes with broadband requirements on the working frequency band can be met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides an absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter, is including being a plurality of square filter unit that the cycle was arranged, every filter unit loss absorbed layer, air bed and the lossless band-pass layer that sets gradually around including, loss absorbed layer with lossless band-pass layer by the air bed separate, the loss absorbed layer include first metal level and first loss dielectric layer, first metal level attach to first loss dielectric layer's front, first metal level include two independent metal graphic structures, first metal level on load and have lumped resistance component, lossless band-pass layer including around superpose second metal level, second loss dielectric layer, third metal level, third loss dielectric layer and the fourth metal level in proper order, the second metal level be by four pieces of identical and be the paster type metal level that central symmetry arranged's square metal film constitutes, the third metal layer is a hollow metal layer with a shape complementary to that of the second metal layer, the fourth metal layer is completely the same as that of the second metal layer, and the first loss dielectric layer, the second loss dielectric layer and the third loss dielectric layer are completely the same loss dielectric layers.
According to the absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter, two independent metal pattern structures are introduced into the first metal layer of the loss absorption layer and the lumped resistance elements are loaded, so that broadband absorption bands at high and low frequency sides are respectively realized, the absorption bandwidths can respectively reach 117.6% and 21.4%, the relative transmission bandwidth can reach 47%, and compared with a traditional filter structure only provided with a single-side absorption band, the absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter has a higher practical application value; by introducing a multi-layer structure into the lossless band-pass layer, the impedance matching of broadband is improved, the band-pass filtering frequency range is widened, and a solution is provided for the integrated design of broadband communication and wave absorption.
The second metal layer, the second loss dielectric layer, the third metal layer, the third loss dielectric layer and the fourth metal layer jointly form a lossless band-pass layer, and the broadband wave-transmitting performance is achieved.
The absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter is made of conventional materials, is easy to realize, has low manufacturing cost, and can be manufactured by simply adopting the conventional PCB processing technology. The frequency tuning can be realized through scaling and proper parameter adjustment, and the frequency tuning can be perfectly transplanted to other frequency bands.
Preferably, in each filter unit, the first metal layer is a centrally symmetric patch metal pattern structure, the patch metal pattern structure of the first metal layer includes a square-shaped metal pattern structure and a well-shaped metal pattern structure, the square-shaped metal pattern structure is close to the outer edge of the filter unit, the square-shaped metal pattern structure is formed by sequentially connecting four first metal strips, and a first resistance element is welded at the central position of each first metal strip; the 'well' -shaped metal pattern structure is positioned in the middle of an area defined by the 'square' -shaped metal pattern structure, the 'well' -shaped metal pattern structure is formed by sequentially and vertically crossing four second metal strips, an included angle between each second metal strip and any one first metal strip is 45 degrees, a second resistance element is welded in the center of each second metal strip, and the resistance value of each second resistance element is different from that of each first resistance element. The square-shaped metal pattern structure loaded with the four first resistance elements realizes the absorption of electromagnetic waves on the low-frequency side, and the square-shaped metal pattern structure loaded with the four second resistance elements realizes the absorption of electromagnetic waves on the high-frequency side.
Preferably, the length of the cycle side of each filter unit is 20-22 mm; in each filter unit, the length of each first metal strip is 18-20 mm, the width of each first metal strip is 0.5-1 mm, the distance between each first metal strip and the outer edge of the adjacent filter unit is 0.5-1 mm, and the length of each second metal strip is 9-13 mm, and the width of each second metal strip is 0.5-1 mm.
Preferably, each of the first resistor elements has a resistance value of 300 to 550 Ω.
Preferably, the distance between the inner edges of each pair of two parallel second metal strips is 3-4 mm.
Preferably, each of the second resistance elements has a resistance value of 100 to 300 Ω.
Preferably, in each of the filter units, each of the square metal thin films has a side length of 5 to 7mm, and a distance between each of the square metal thin films and an outer edge of the adjacent filter unit in the X-axis direction is equal to a distance between each of the square metal thin films and an outer edge of the adjacent filter unit in the Y-axis direction, and the distances between each of the square metal thin films and the outer edge of the adjacent filter unit in the Y-axis direction are both 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
Preferably, the thicknesses of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer are all 0.03mm, the thickness of the air layer is 13.5-14.5 mm, and the thicknesses of the first loss dielectric layer, the second loss dielectric layer and the third loss dielectric layer are all 1.45-1.65 mm.
Preferably, the first loss dielectric layer, the second loss dielectric layer and the third loss dielectric layer are Rogers 4003C dielectric plates, the relative dielectric constant of the first loss dielectric layer, the second loss dielectric layer and the third loss dielectric layer is 3.38, and the loss tangent value of the first loss dielectric layer, the second loss dielectric layer and the third loss dielectric layer is 0.0027.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter provided by the invention has the advantages that two independent metal pattern structures are introduced into the first metal layer of the loss absorption layer and the lumped resistance elements are loaded, so that broadband absorption bands at high and low frequency sides are respectively realized, the absorption bandwidths can respectively reach 117.6% and 21.4%, the relative transmission bandwidth can reach 47%, free transceiving of signals in a working frequency band and absorption of interference signals at two sides of the passband can be realized, meanwhile, the spatial filter has a broadband passband, certain scenes which have broadband requirements on the working frequency band can be met, and compared with the traditional filter structure which only has a single-sided absorption band, the spatial filter has higher practical application value;
(2) by introducing a multi-layer structure into the lossless band-pass layer, the impedance matching of broadband is improved, the band-pass filtering frequency range is widened, and a solution is provided for the integrated design of broadband communication and wave absorption;
(3) the broadband band-pass spatial filter accompanied with the bilateral broadband absorption band provided by the invention is made of conventional materials, is easy to realize, has low manufacturing cost, and can be simply manufactured by adopting the conventional PCB processing technology. The frequency tuning can be realized through scaling and proper parameter adjustment, and the frequency tuning can be perfectly transplanted to other frequency bands.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of an absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a single filter cell in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a left side view corresponding to FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of an individual filter cell in an embodiment after removal of the first metal layer, first lossy dielectric layer, and air layer;
figure 5 is a front view of an individual filter cell in an embodiment after removal of the first metal layer, the first lossy dielectric layer, the second metal layer, and the second lossy dielectric layer;
FIG. 6 is a simulation graph of S-parameter of the filter of example 1 when electromagnetic waves are incident along the-Z direction;
FIG. 7 is a simulation curve diagram of the wave absorption rate of the filter in example 1 when electromagnetic waves are incident in the-Z direction;
FIG. 8 is a simulation graph of S-parameter of the filter of example 2 when electromagnetic waves are incident in the-Z direction;
FIG. 9 is a simulation curve diagram of the wave absorption rate of the filter in example 2 when electromagnetic waves are incident along the-Z direction.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter of example 1, as shown in the figure, includes 9 square filter units 1 arranged periodically, each filter unit 1 includes a loss absorption layer 2, an air layer 3 and a lossless bandpass layer 4 arranged sequentially from front to back, the loss absorption layer 2 and the lossless bandpass layer 4 are separated by the air layer 3, the loss absorption layer 2 includes a first metal layer 22 and a first loss dielectric layer 21, the first metal layer 22 is attached to the front surface of the first loss dielectric layer 21, the first metal layer 22 includes two independent metal pattern structures, a lumped resistance element is loaded on the first metal layer 22, the lossless bandpass layer 4 includes a second metal layer 41, a second loss dielectric layer 42, a third metal layer 43, a third loss dielectric layer 44 and a fourth metal layer 45 stacked sequentially from front to back, the second metal layer 41 is a patch-type metal layer composed of four completely identical square metal thin films 46 arranged in central symmetry, the third metal layer 43 is a hollowed-out metal layer with a shape complementary to that of the second metal layer 41, the fourth metal layer 45 is completely the same as the second metal layer 41, and the first lossy dielectric layer 21, the second lossy dielectric layer 42 and the third lossy dielectric layer 44 are completely the same lossy dielectric layers.
In each filter unit 1 of embodiment 1, the first metal layer 22 is a centrally symmetric patch metal pattern structure, the patch metal pattern structure of the first metal layer 22 includes a "square" shaped metal pattern structure 23 and a "well" shaped metal pattern structure 24, the "square" shaped metal pattern structure 23 is close to the outer edge of the filter unit 1, the "square" shaped metal pattern structure 23 is formed by sequentially connecting four first metal strips 25, and a first resistance element 26 is welded at the central position of each first metal strip 25; the # -shaped metal pattern structure 24 is located in the middle of an area surrounded by the # -shaped metal pattern structure 23, the # -shaped metal pattern structure 24 is formed by sequentially and vertically crossing four second metal strips 27, an included angle between each second metal strip 27 and any first metal strip 25 is 45 degrees, a second resistance element 28 is welded at the central position of each second metal strip 27, and the resistance value R of each second resistance element 281With the resistance value R of each first resistive element 262Different.
In embodiment 1, the first metal layer 22, the second metal layer 41, the third metal layer 43, and the fourth metal layer 45 are made of the same metal material, and the thickness H1 is 0.03 mm; the thickness H3 of air layer 3 is 14 mm; the first loss dielectric layer 21, the second loss dielectric layer 42 and the third loss dielectric layer 44 are all Rogers 4003C dielectric plates, the thicknesses H2 of the first loss dielectric layer, the second loss dielectric layer and the third loss dielectric layer are all 1.524mm, the relative dielectric constant is 3.38, and the loss tangent value is 0.0027.
The period side length P of each filter cell 1 of example 1 is 20 mm; in each filter unit 1, the length L1 of each first metal strip 25 is 19mm, the width W1 is 0.5mm, the distance W2 between each first metal strip 25 and the adjacent outer edge of the filter unit 1 is 0.5mm, the length L2 of each second metal strip 27 is 9mm, the width W3 is 0.5mm, and the inner edge distance W4 between every two parallel second metal strips 27 is 4 mm; the resistance value R of each first resistive element 261Is 500 Ω, and the resistance value R of each second resistance element 282Is 150 omega.
In each filter cell 1 of example 1, the side length L3 of each square metal thin film 46 is 6.7mm, and the distance W5 from the outer edge of the filter cell 1 adjacent to the X-axis direction and the distance W5 from the outer edge of the filter cell 1 adjacent to the Y-axis direction are equal to each other and are 1.65 mm; the third metal layer 43 has a side length w complementary to the shape of the second metal layer 416Is a 6.5mm hollowed-out metal layer.
The absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter of example 2 is the same as the structure of example 1, except that the values of the partial dimensional parameters are different, specifically, in example 2, L3=7mm, W5=1.5mm, W6=7mm, and H3=18 mm.
FIG. 6 is a simulation graph of S-parameter of the filter of example 1 when electromagnetic wave is incident along the-Z direction, S in FIG. 611And S12Respectively representing a reflection curve and a transmission curve; FIG. 7 is a simulation curve diagram of the wave absorption rate of the filter in example 1 when electromagnetic waves are incident along the-Z direction. As can be seen from fig. 7, when the simulation curve of the wave-absorbing rate at the low-frequency side is in the frequency range of 1.43 to 5.51GHz, the wave-absorbing rate of the filter of embodiment 1 is always higher than 80%, and the relative absorption bandwidth is 117.6%; when the frequency range of the simulation curve of the wave-absorbing rate at the high frequency side is 12.07-14.96 GHz, the absorption rate of the filter of the embodiment 1 is always higher than 80%, and the relative absorption bandwidth is 21.4%.
FIG. 8 is a simulation graph of S-parameter of the filter of example 2 when electromagnetic waves are incident along the-Z direction, and in FIG. 8, S is11And S12Respectively representing a reflection curve and a transmission curve; FIG. 9 is a simulation curve diagram of the wave absorption rate of the filter in example 2 when electromagnetic waves are incident along the-Z direction. As can be seen from fig. 9, when the simulation curve of the wave-absorbing rate at the low-frequency side is in the frequency range of 1.25 to 4.71GHz, the wave-absorbing rate of the filter of embodiment 2 is always higher than 80%, and the relative absorption bandwidth is 116.1%; when the frequency range of the simulation curve of the wave-absorbing rate at the high-frequency side is 10.4-12.53 GHz, the absorption rate of the filter of the embodiment 2 is always higher than 80%, and the relative absorption bandwidth is 16.7%.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an absorptive broadband band-pass spatial filter, its characterized in that is including being the square filter unit of a plurality of that the cycle was arranged, every filter unit loss absorbed layer, air bed and the lossless band-pass layer that sets gradually around including, the loss absorbed layer with lossless band-pass layer by the air bed separate, the loss absorbed layer include first metal level and first loss dielectric layer, first metal level adhere to first loss dielectric layer's front, first metal level include two independent metal pattern structures, first metal level on load with lumped resistance component, lossless band-pass layer including around superpose second metal level, second loss dielectric layer, third metal level, third loss dielectric layer and the fourth metal level in proper order, the second metal level be by four pieces of complete sameness and be the paster type metal level that central symmetry arranged's square metal film constitutes, the third metal layer is a hollow metal layer with a shape complementary to that of the second metal layer, the fourth metal layer is completely the same as that of the second metal layer, and the first loss dielectric layer, the second loss dielectric layer and the third loss dielectric layer are completely the same loss dielectric layers.
2. The absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter according to claim 1, wherein in each filter unit, the first metal layer is a centrosymmetric patch metal pattern structure, the patch metal pattern structure of the first metal layer comprises a square-shaped metal pattern structure and a square-shaped metal pattern structure, the square-shaped metal pattern structure is close to the outer edge of the filter unit, the square-shaped metal pattern structure is formed by sequentially connecting four first metal strips, and a first resistance element is welded at the center of each first metal strip; the 'well' -shaped metal pattern structure is positioned in the middle of an area defined by the 'square' -shaped metal pattern structure, the 'well' -shaped metal pattern structure is formed by sequentially and vertically crossing four second metal strips, an included angle between each second metal strip and any one first metal strip is 45 degrees, a second resistance element is welded in the center of each second metal strip, and the resistance value of each second resistance element is different from that of each first resistance element.
3. An absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter according to claim 2, wherein each of the filter cells has a period side length of 20 to 22 mm; in each filter unit, the length of each first metal strip is 18-20 mm, the width of each first metal strip is 0.5-1 mm, the distance between each first metal strip and the outer edge of the adjacent filter unit is 0.5-1 mm, and the length of each second metal strip is 9-13 mm, and the width of each second metal strip is 0.5-1 mm.
4. An absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter according to claim 3, wherein each of the first resistive elements has a resistance of 300 to 550 Ω.
5. An absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter according to claim 3, wherein the inner edge distance between each pair of two parallel second metal strips is 3-4 mm.
6. An absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter according to claim 3, wherein the resistance of each second resistive element is 100 to 300 Ω.
7. The absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter according to claim 1, wherein each of the filter cells has a side length of 5 to 7mm, and a distance between each of the square metal films and an outer edge of the adjacent filter cell in the X-axis direction is equal to a distance between the square metal film and an outer edge of the adjacent filter cell in the Y-axis direction, and the distances between the square metal film and the outer edge of the adjacent filter cell in the Y-axis direction are equal to each other and are 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
8. The absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter according to claim 1, wherein the thicknesses of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer are all 0.03mm, the thickness of the air layer is 13.5-14.5 mm, and the thicknesses of the first loss dielectric layer, the second loss dielectric layer and the third loss dielectric layer are all 1.45-1.65 mm.
9. The absorptive broadband bandpass spatial filter according to claim 1, wherein the first, second and third lossy dielectric layers are Rogers 4003C dielectric plates having a relative dielectric constant of 3.38 and a loss tangent of 0.0027.
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