CN112072216B - Heating film for low-temperature lithium ion battery and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Heating film for low-temperature lithium ion battery and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112072216B
CN112072216B CN202010984876.XA CN202010984876A CN112072216B CN 112072216 B CN112072216 B CN 112072216B CN 202010984876 A CN202010984876 A CN 202010984876A CN 112072216 B CN112072216 B CN 112072216B
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lithium ion
temperature
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heating film
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CN112072216A (en
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张骞
兰超波
钟盛文
丁能文
陈军
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Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a conductive substance into a titanate coupling agent to obtain a first mixture, mixing the first mixture with a polymer matrix to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to a molten state, and stirring to obtain a molten mass; and pressing the molten mass into a film, then carrying out heat treatment, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery. The invention also comprises the heating film prepared by the method and application thereof. The heating film with the room-temperature PTC effect can be quickly prepared and applied to the lithium ion battery, the battery is heated through the built-in heating film of the battery, the temperature of the battery can be quickly increased, and the problems that the low-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery cannot be normally exerted, the battery is easy to damage when being heated and the like are effectively solved.

Description

Heating film for low-temperature lithium ion battery and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The lithium ion battery is a secondary battery which is widely used at present, but the lithium ion battery is sensitive to the use temperature, and particularly when the lithium ion battery is used under the condition of being lower than 0 ℃, the capacity of the lithium ion battery is seriously attenuated, and the lithium ion battery cannot be normally used. The main current methods for solving the problem are to improve the low-temperature service performance of the battery through coating of the battery material, adjustment of the material structure and adjustment of the electrolyte. However, the normal temperature performance and the low temperature performance of the battery still have a large difference, and the problem of normal use of the lithium ion battery at low temperature cannot be fundamentally solved.
Another way is to adjust the ambient temperature of the battery by heating the battery, so as to realize the use at low temperature without changing the basic electrode material of the battery. The heating mode includes air flow heating, liquid heating, electric heating and the like, and the heating mode is carried out outside the battery. However, the method is easy to cause uneven heating of the battery, the temperature of the battery is slowly raised, the heating energy loss is large, and certain defects exist.
In another mode, the battery is internally provided with a metal nickel foil for heating, and the metal resistance heating sheet is arranged in the battery, so that the heat exchange efficiency is high, and the heat loss is small. However, the surface temperature of the nickel sheet is high during heating, so that the internal components of the battery such as electrolyte, diaphragm and the like are easily damaged, and a separate control system is needed for control and protection.
Therefore, a way for solving the problem of using the lithium ion battery at low temperature is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery, and a preparation method and application thereof, the heating film with a room-temperature PTC effect can be quickly prepared and applied to the lithium ion battery, the battery is heated through the heating film arranged in the battery, the temperature of the battery can be quickly increased, and the problems that the low-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery cannot be normally exerted, the battery is easily damaged when being heated and the like are effectively solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the preparation method of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a conductive substance into a titanate coupling agent to obtain a first mixture, mixing the first mixture with a polymer matrix to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to a molten state at the temperature of 150-220 ℃, and stirring to obtain a molten mass;
(2) and (2) pressing the molten mass obtained in the step (1) into a film at the temperature of 130-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.3-0.8MPa, then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 90-120 ℃ for 10-60min, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery.
Further, the conductive material is carbon nanotube, acetylene black, graphene, nano graphite, nano carbon powder, nano copper powder, nano nickel powder or nano silver powder.
Further, the polymer matrix is high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, meta-polytetrafluoroethylene or styrene butadiene rubber.
Further, in the step (1), the volume of the titanate coupling agent accounts for 1-5% of the volume of the conductive substance. Namely the volume ratio of the titanate coupling agent to the conductive substance is 1-5: 95-99.
Furthermore, in the step (1), the volume of the conductive substance accounts for 3-20% of the volume of the mixture II. Namely, the volume ratio of the polymer matrix to the conductive substance is 80-97: 3-20.
Furthermore, in the step (1), when the film is formed by pressing, a layer of release agent needs to be coated in a forming die before forming.
Further, in the step (2), the thickness after the film is pressed to form is 0.5-1.2 mm.
The heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery prepared by the preparation method.
The application of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery in the lithium ion battery.
Further, the preparation of the lithium ion battery comprises the following steps: and (3) placing 1-5 low-temperature lithium ion batteries between the battery pole pieces by using a heating film, then leading out electrodes, and injecting and packaging to obtain the lithium ion batteries.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the heating film with the room-temperature PTC effect can be quickly prepared and applied to the lithium ion battery, the battery is heated through the built-in heating film of the battery, the temperature of the battery can be quickly increased, and the problems that the low-temperature performance of the lithium ion battery cannot be normally exerted, the battery is easy to damage when being heated and the like are effectively solved.
2. The heating film prepared by the method has a room temperature PTC effect, when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the heating film can have lower resistance, and current can generate heat through the heating film to heat the battery, so that the lithium ion battery can still be normally used at the temperature below 0 ℃, and the capacity attenuation of the battery is avoided; when the temperature is higher than 30-50 ℃, the heating film has an insulation effect and cannot heat the battery, so that the internal structure of the battery cannot be damaged, and the battery is protected; meanwhile, the lithium ion battery has comprehensive low-temperature heating effects of good heating effect, fast battery temperature rise, high heat exchange efficiency and the like, is convenient to use under the low-temperature condition, and has wide market prospect.
3. The mixture of the conductive substance and the titanate coupling agent can link the surfaces of the conductive substance and the organic matter, enhance the conductive capability of the material and also enhance the PTC effect of the material, and the mixture is mixed with the polymer matrix and subjected to melting, pressing, heat treatment and other processes to obtain the heating film with the PTC effect. The heating film realizes the conduction and the disconnection between the conductive particles through the volume expansion effect in the temperature variation range. Under the condition of low temperature regulation, the polymer material prepared by the polymer matrix and the conductive substance shrinks, and the conductive particles are mutually overlapped and conducted, so that the conductive material has low resistance. When current is introduced, heat is generated to cause the expansion of the polymer matrix, the overlapping distance of the conductive particles along with the expansion of the matrix is pulled, the conduction network among the conductive particles is disconnected, and the resistance is increased, so that the heating function is lost.
4. The heating film is applied to the lithium ion battery electrode, when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the electrode has lower resistance, the electrode can heat the battery under the voltage of 4.2V, when the temperature is higher than 30-50 ℃, the resistance is huge, and the heating effect on the battery under the voltage of 4.2V is not obvious. The heating film is added into the battery, so that the internal structure of the battery is not damaged, and meanwhile, the comprehensive low-temperature heating effect of good heating effect, quick battery temperature rise, high heat exchange efficiency and the like is achieved, so that the performance of the battery at low temperature can be effectively guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view at tensile break of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the result of PTC effect detection;
fig. 3 is a graph comparing heating effect and battery discharge.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A preparation method of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) adding nano nickel powder into a titanate coupling agent to obtain a first mixture, then mixing the first mixture with low-density polyethylene to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to a molten state at the temperature of 180 ℃, and stirring to obtain a molten mass; the volume of the titanate coupling agent accounts for 1 percent of the volume of the nano nickel powder, and the volume of the nano nickel powder accounts for 10 percent of the volume of the mixture (namely the volume ratio of the low-density polyethylene to the nano nickel powder is 90: 10);
(2) and (2) pressing the melt obtained in the step (1) into a film with the thickness of 1mm in a hot-pressing forming machine or a hot-rolling forming machine under the conditions of 150 ℃ and 0.6MPa, smearing a layer of release agent in a forming die before forming, then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 30min, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery.
The cross-sectional view of the tensile fracture of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery obtained in this example is shown in fig. 1, and the PTC effect of the heating film is detected, the result of which is shown in fig. 2, and the comparison graph of the heating effect and the battery discharge at-40 ℃ after the heating film is applied to the lithium ion battery pole piece is shown in fig. 3.
Example 2
A preparation method of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) adding nano silver powder into a titanate coupling agent to obtain a first mixture, then mixing the first mixture with low-density polyethylene to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to a molten state at the temperature of 170 ℃, and stirring to obtain a molten mass; the volume of the titanate coupling agent accounts for 1 percent of the volume of the nano silver powder, and the volume of the nano silver powder accounts for 15 percent of the volume of the second mixture (namely the volume ratio of the low-density polyethylene to the nano silver powder is 85: 15);
(2) and (2) pressing the melt obtained in the step (1) into a film with the thickness of 1.1mm in a hot-pressing forming machine or a hot-rolling forming machine under the conditions of 130 ℃ and 0.5MPa, coating a layer of release agent in a forming die before forming, then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 110 ℃ for 25min, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery.
Example 3
A preparation method of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) adding nano carbon powder into a titanate coupling agent to obtain a first mixture, then mixing the first mixture with polypropylene to obtain a second mixture, and then heating the second mixture to a molten state at the temperature of 200 ℃ and stirring to obtain a molten mass; the volume of the titanate coupling agent accounts for 3 percent of the volume of the nano carbon powder, and the volume of the nano carbon powder accounts for 12 percent of the volume of the second mixture (namely the volume ratio of the polypropylene to the nano carbon powder is 88: 12);
(2) and (2) pressing the melt obtained in the step (1) into a film with the thickness of 0.8mm in a hot-pressing forming machine or a hot-rolling forming machine under the conditions of 160 ℃ and 0.7MPa, coating a layer of release agent in a forming die before forming, then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 40min, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery.
Example 4
A preparation method of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a carbon nano tube into a titanate coupling agent to obtain a first mixture, then mixing the first mixture with polytetrafluoroethylene to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to a molten state at the temperature of 220 ℃, and stirring to obtain a molten mass; the volume of the titanate coupling agent accounts for 5 percent of that of the carbon nano tube, and the volume of the carbon nano tube accounts for 20 percent of that of the mixture (namely, the volume ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene to the carbon nano tube is 80: 20);
(2) and (2) pressing the melt obtained in the step (1) into a film with the thickness of 1.1mm in a hot-pressing forming machine or a hot-rolling forming machine under the conditions of 180 ℃ and 0.8MPa, smearing a layer of release agent in a forming die before forming, then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 60min, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing polyethylene and nano nickel powder according to the volume ratio of 60:40, heating the mixed sample to 180 ℃, and fully stirring to ensure that the nano nickel powder is fully dispersed in a matrix;
(2) and (2) pressing the melt obtained in the step (1) into a film with the thickness of 1mm in a hot-pressing forming machine or a hot-rolling forming machine under the conditions of 180 ℃ and 0.8MPa, smearing a layer of release agent in a forming die before forming, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the heating film.
The heating films obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example were measured for resistivity at-40 to 25 ℃ and above 50 ℃ respectively, and added to a lithium ion battery electrode sheet, and the time required for raising the battery from-40 ℃ to 0 ℃ and the charge and discharge efficiency were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
The lithium ion battery manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the selected battery size is 160 multiplied by 95 multiplied by 3mm, the discharge capacity is 4.7Ah, and the positive electrode is LiNi0.5Mn0.2Co0.3O2The material comprises graphite as a negative electrode, carbon black (SP) as a conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder; mixing a binder (polyvinylidene fluoride) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dissolving in an oven at 120 ℃, and then mixing the materials according to the following proportion: conductive agent: weighing the positive electrode material and the conductive agent according to the mass ratio of 96:2:2, stirring for 8 hours in a planetary ball mill, respectively coating the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material on an aluminum foil and a copper foil, and cutting to the designed battery size; and finally, stacking the positive and negative pole pieces into a battery in a dry environment, adding a heating film, and injecting liquid for packaging to obtain the lithium ion battery.
TABLE 1 examination of the properties of the heating films obtained in examples 1 to 4 and comparative example
Figure BDA0002688814180000061
Figure BDA0002688814180000071
As can be seen from table 1, the charging and discharging efficiency of the lithium ion battery manufactured by the heating film for the low temperature lithium ion battery obtained in the present invention is significantly higher than that of the conventional battery.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the illustrated embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the present patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a conductive substance into a titanate coupling agent to obtain a first mixture, mixing the first mixture with a polymer matrix to obtain a second mixture, heating the second mixture to a molten state at the temperature of 150-220 ℃, and stirring to obtain a molten mass; the polymer matrix is high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, meta-polytetrafluoroethylene or styrene butadiene rubber;
(2) and (2) pressing the molten mass obtained in the step (1) into a film at the temperature of 130-180 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.3-0.8MPa, then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 90-120 ℃ for 10-60min, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material is carbon nanotubes, acetylene black, graphene, nanographite, nanocarbon powder, or nanocarbon powder.
3. The method for preparing a heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the titanate coupling agent accounts for 1-5% of the volume of the conductive substance.
4. The method for preparing a heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the volume of the conductive material is 3-20% of the volume of the mixture.
5. The method of manufacturing a heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the thickness after the film is pressed to be formed is 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
6. The heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. Use of the heating film for a low-temperature lithium ion battery according to claim 6 in a lithium ion battery.
8. The application of the heating film for the low-temperature lithium ion battery in the lithium ion battery according to claim 7, wherein the preparation of the lithium ion battery comprises the following steps: and (3) placing 1-5 low-temperature lithium ion batteries between the battery pole pieces by using a heating film, then leading out electrodes, and injecting and packaging to obtain the lithium ion batteries.
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CN1655290A (en) * 2005-02-24 2005-08-17 深圳市固派电子有限公司 Macromolecular positive temperature coefficient thermosensitive resistor and method for making same
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