The composite graphite negative electrode and preparation method of lithium ion battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to negative electrode for lithium ion battery and its preparing technical field, more particularly to a kind of lithium ion battery is answered
Close graphite cathode and preparation method.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery:It is a kind of secondary cell (rechargeable battery), it relies primarily on lithium ion between a positive electrode and a negative electrode
Movement carrys out work.In charge and discharge process, Li+Insertion and deintercalation are come and gone between two electrodes:During charging, Li+Taken off from positive pole
It is embedding, negative pole is embedded in by electrolyte, negative pole is in rich lithium state;It is then opposite during electric discharge.Battery, which typically uses, contains elemental lithium
Material is the representative of modern high performance battery as electrode.
At present, Study on Li-ion batteries is increasingly extensive, and the lithium ion battery as secondary green battery is shown than other
Battery has the advantages of incomparable, and voltage platform is high, pollution-free, high-energy-density, small volume and in light weight etc..Current lithium ion
Battery is mainly used in low discharging current, but due to the development of electric automobile etc., the performance of lithium ion battery is proposed higher
It is required that.By taking electric automobile as an example, consumer is exactly speed to an important evaluation index of electric automobile, if speed wants high,
The power of battery will be big, i.e. the electric current of battery is big, and heat production is more.
And the negative material of the lithium ion battery of prior art is generally graphite, some addition graphenes, but the stone added
Black alkene additive is also common graphite alkene, as sheet carbon structure, and the structure has good heat conduction and conductive effect in lamella
Fruit, and due to the presence of dirac point (electroneutral point) between lamella so that state of isolation is nearly between mutual lamella,
Electric current is big, more than heat production in the case of, it is impossible to heat is shed in time, potential safety hazard be present, or even is exploded, causes the person
Injury, it is extremely dangerous.
Therefore the lithium ion battery material with high magnification heavy-current discharge performance is urgently studied, to adapt to the need in market
Will.
The content of the invention
The present invention solves the technical problem of providing a kind of composite graphite negative electrode and preparation method of lithium ion battery,
Wherein composite graphite electrode is to add time layer graphene in graphite to form, and secondary layer graphene be 3-5 lamellars graphene simultaneously
The new material of doped diamond, and the diamond added is Spherical Carbon so that between the adjacent two layers of multilayer chip graphene
Conducting, improve material conductivity;Therefore the present invention increases thermal conductivity, and battery is sent out in the case where not changing battery other structures
Caused heat is shed in time in electric process, battery is effectively reduced energy consumption during larger current is discharged, and
Extend battery life.
In order to solve the above technical problems, one aspect of the present invention is:A kind of answering for lithium ion battery is provided
Close graphite cathode, including graphite and time layer graphene, the weight percentage of each component are as follows:The graphite be 94-96% and
The secondary layer graphene is 4-6%;
The secondary layer graphene includes multilayer chip graphene and diamond, and the diamond is located at multilayer chip graphene
Adjacent two layers between, the carbon atom of the diamond and described multilayer chip graphene corresponds;
The weight ratio of the multilayer chip graphene and the diamond is 18-19:1;
The multilayer chip graphene is 3-5 lamellar graphenes, and every layer of thickness of the multilayer chip graphene is
0.2-0.5nm;The interlamellar spacing of the adjacent two layers of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.2-0.4nm;
The diamond is Spherical Carbon, and the particle diameter of the Spherical Carbon is 0.7-1.6nm.
Further say, the weight ratio of the multilayer chip graphene and the diamond is 18.5:1;
The number of plies of the multilayer chip graphene is 5 layers, and every layer of thickness of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.5nm;
The interlamellar spacing of the adjacent two layers of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.3nm;
The diamond is Spherical Carbon, and the particle diameter of the Spherical Carbon is 0.9nm.
Further say, the preparation method of the secondary layer graphene is carried out in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1: multilayer chip graphene is prepared using chemical deposition:With cathode-ray on silica substrate surface
One layer of nickel metal layer is deposited, the thickness of the nickel metal layer is 200-400nm;
Step 2: be passed through in the tube furnace of 950-1150 DEG C of temperature methane, hydrogen and ammonia composition gaseous mixture and
Common graphite powder, and room temperature is cooled within 100ms rapidly, obtain multilayer chip graphene, multilayer chip stone described herein
The number of plies of black alkene is 3-12 layers;
Step 3: more than 100,000 grades under cleanliness factor environment, by separating 3-5 with molecular knife after electron microscope observation
Lamellar graphene;
Step 4: the 3-5 lamellars graphene that step 3 separates is mixed in proportion with diamond, in vacuum 100-
Under 200Pa, 600-800 DEG C of high temperature, 34-38h is stirred, is got product.
Further say, the graphite is native graphite or Delanium, and the native graphite is selected from compact crystal shape stone
At least one of ink, crystalline flake graphite and aphanitic graphite.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of the composite graphite negative electrode of described lithium ion battery, according to following step
It is rapid to carry out:
Graphite and time layer graphene are added in agitator, -0.08~-0.09MPa is evacuated to, keeps the feelings of vacuum
3-5h is stirred under condition, reaches 9000~14000mPas to viscosity, produces the negative pole.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The composite graphite electrode of the present invention is to add time layer graphene in graphite to form, reasonable mixture ratio so that use this
The battery of composite graphite electrode can effectively reduce energy consumption during larger current is discharged, and extend battery life;Wherein
The secondary layer graphene added is 3-5 lamellars graphene and the new material of doped diamond, and the diamond added is spherical
Carbon so that turned between the adjacent two layers of multilayer chip graphene, improve material conductivity, so that using the new material just
Pole slurry and battery, in the case where not changing battery other structures, increase thermal conductivity, and caused heat during cell power generation
Amount is shed in time, battery is effectively reduced energy consumption during larger current is discharged, and extends battery life, is improved
Security.
Above description of the invention is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the skill of the present invention
Art means, and being practiced according to the content of specification, with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and coordinate accompanying drawing specifically below
It is bright as after.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the secondary layer graphene of the present invention;
Each several part mark is as follows in accompanying drawing:
Secondary layer graphene 100, multilayer chip graphene 101, carbon atom 102 and diamond 103.
Embodiment
Illustrate the embodiment of the present invention below by way of particular specific embodiment, those skilled in the art can be by this
Content disclosed in specification understands advantages of the present invention and effect easily.The present invention can also other different modes give
Implement, i.e. without departing substantially under the scope of disclosed, different modification and change can be given.
A kind of composite graphite negative electrode of lithium ion battery, as shown in figure 1, including graphite and time layer graphene 100, each component
Weight percentage it is as follows:The graphite is 94-96% and the secondary layer graphene is 4-6%;
The secondary layer graphene 100 includes multilayer chip graphene 101 and diamond 103, and the diamond is located at multilayer
Between adjacent two layers of flake graphite alkene, a pair of the carbon atom 102 1 of the diamond and described multilayer chip graphene
Should;
The weight ratio of the multilayer chip graphene and the diamond is 18-19:1;
The multilayer chip graphene is 3-5 lamellar graphenes, and every layer of thickness of the multilayer chip graphene is
0.2-0.5nm;The interlamellar spacing of the adjacent two layers of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.2-0.4nm;
The diamond is Spherical Carbon, and the particle diameter of the Spherical Carbon is 0.7-1.6nm.
The graphite is native graphite or Delanium, and the native graphite is selected from compact crystal shape graphite, crystalline flake graphite
At least one of with aphanitic graphite.
Embodiment 1:The graphite is 94% and the secondary layer graphene is 6%;
As shown in figure 1, the weight ratio of the multilayer chip graphene and the diamond is 18.5:1;
The number of plies of the multilayer chip graphene is 5 layers, and every layer of thickness of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.5nm;
The interlamellar spacing of the adjacent two layers of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.3nm;
The diamond is Spherical Carbon, and the particle diameter of the Spherical Carbon is 0.9nm.
Embodiment 2:The graphite is 95% and the secondary layer graphene is 5%;
The weight ratio of the multilayer chip graphene and the diamond is 18:1;
The number of plies of the multilayer chip graphene is 4 layers, and every layer of thickness of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.4nm;
The interlamellar spacing of the adjacent two layers of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.2nm;
The diamond is Spherical Carbon, and the particle diameter of the Spherical Carbon is 0.7nm.
Embodiment 3:The graphite is 96% and the secondary layer graphene is 4%;
The weight ratio of the multilayer chip graphene and the diamond is 18.7:1;
The number of plies of the multilayer chip graphene is 3 layers, and every layer of thickness of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.2nm;
The interlamellar spacing of the adjacent two layers of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.4nm;
The diamond is Spherical Carbon, and the particle diameter of the Spherical Carbon is 1.6nm.
Embodiment 4:The graphite is 94.5% and the secondary layer graphene is 5.5%;
The weight ratio of the multilayer chip graphene and the diamond is 18.3:1;
The number of plies of the multilayer chip graphene is 3 layers, and every layer of thickness of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.3nm;
The interlamellar spacing of the adjacent two layers of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.25nm;
The diamond is Spherical Carbon, and the particle diameter of the Spherical Carbon is 1.0nm.
Embodiment 5:The graphite is 95.5% and the secondary layer graphene is 4.5%;
The weight ratio of the multilayer chip graphene and the diamond is 19:1;
The number of plies of the multilayer chip graphene is 5 layers, and every layer of thickness of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.35nm;
The interlamellar spacing of the adjacent two layers of the multilayer chip graphene is 0.35nm;
The diamond is Spherical Carbon, and the particle diameter of the Spherical Carbon is 1.2nm.
Embodiments of the invention 1 are carried out in accordance with the following steps to the preparation method of the secondary layer graphene described in embodiment 5:
Step 1: multilayer chip graphene is prepared using chemical deposition:With cathode-ray on silica substrate surface
One layer of nickel metal layer is deposited, the thickness of the nickel metal layer is 200-400nm;
Step 2: be passed through in the tube furnace of 950-1150 DEG C of temperature methane, hydrogen and ammonia composition gaseous mixture and
Common graphite powder, and room temperature is cooled within 100ms rapidly, obtain multilayer chip graphene, multilayer chip stone described herein
The number of plies of black alkene is 3-12 layers;
Step 3: more than 100,000 grades under cleanliness factor environment, by separating 3-5 with molecular knife after electron microscope observation
Lamellar graphene;
Step 4: the 3-5 lamellars graphene that step 3 separates is mixed in proportion with diamond, in vacuum 100-
Under 200Pa, 600-800 DEG C of high temperature, 34-38h is stirred, is got product.
Preferably, in step 1, the thickness of the nickel metal layer is 300nm.
Embodiments of the invention 1 arrive the preparation method of the composite graphite electrode of the lithium ion battery described in embodiment 5, according to
Following steps are carried out:
Graphite and time layer graphene are added in agitator, -0.08~-0.09MPa is evacuated to, keeps the feelings of vacuum
3-5h is stirred under condition, reaches 9000~14000mPas to viscosity, produces the negative pole.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalent structure that bright specification and accompanying drawing content are made, or other related technical areas are directly or indirectly used in, similarly
It is included within the scope of the present invention.