CN112070152B - Evaluation method for forbidden pasture recovery effect of degraded alpine meadow - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating the effect of disabled pasture recovery of a degraded alpine meadow, and relates to the technical field of evaluation of the effect of disabled pasture recovery of the alpine meadow. According to the method, a network analysis method is introduced, sample side investigation and community analysis methods are combined, and the recovery effect of the degraded alpine meadow after the forbidden pasture is accurately evaluated by comparing the structural similarity, key species, community network connectivity, clustering degree and productivity of the healthy alpine meadow and the forbidden pasture community. The method can solve the problems of unclear forbidden grazing age of the degraded alpine meadow and lack of a reasonable recovery effect evaluation method, can avoid biochemical succession in the alpine meadow caused by overlong forbidden grazing age on the basis of recovering the degraded alpine meadow, and fully utilizes grassland resources to achieve the effect of winning more.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of evaluation of a grazing-forbidden recovery effect of a alpine meadow, and particularly relates to a degradation alpine meadow grazing-forbidden recovery effect evaluation method.
Background
The Tibetan north plateau is an important plateau characteristic animal husbandry production base in China, is also a source area of large rivers such as Yangtze river and Yangtze river, is an important ecological safety barrier in China and south Asia areas, and has remarkable ecological and production functions. However, in recent years, due to climate change, land utilization change, excessive grazing, frequent biological disasters and the like, the alpine meadow on the Tibetan north plateau is degraded in a large area, and the degradation trend is restrained in recent years, but the overall degradation situation is still more severe.
The grazing inhibition is a preferred measure for recovering the degraded grassland, and is widely applied in China, so that a good effect is achieved. However, the pasture forbidden cannot be indefinite, and long-term pasture forbidden is not only not beneficial to the stabilization of the meadow ecological system, but also can cause biochemical succession in the occurrence of the alpine meadow to the alpine meadow, is also not beneficial to the utilization of grasslands and the development of grassland industries, and can bring impact to the social and economic development of the alpine pasture area. Up to the present, some researches indicate that the suitable grazing prohibition period of alpine meadow is 6-10 years, and the researches evaluate the vegetation restoration effect under the grazing prohibition condition by taking grassland productivity as a main measure, but the accuracy, the reliability and the like are questioned.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the effect of forbidding and recovering the grazing of a degraded alpine meadow, which can accurately evaluate the recovery condition of the structure and the function of an ecological system of the degraded alpine meadow and improve the accuracy and the reliability of the evaluation of the effect of forbidding and recovering the degraded alpine meadow.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for evaluating the forbidden pasture recovery effect of a degraded alpine meadow, which comprises the following steps: (1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out community investigation in a Tibetan north severe cold degenerated meadow with an altitude of 4500 m or more in a Tibetan area by using sample methods in the severe cold meadow with different forbidden age periods and in the adjacent healthy severe cold meadow in 8 months;
(2) Performing differential analysis on plant community structures of the forbidden high-cold meadow and the healthy high-cold meadow by adopting a non-metric multidimensional analysis and displacement multivariate analysis method;
(3) Calculating species importance values, eliminating plants with the importance values lower than 5%, calculating correlation coefficients between two plants according to the species importance values, and selecting obviously correlated species to construct a plant community network; when the plant community network is constructed, plant species are taken as nodes, a correlation coefficient is taken as a weight of the network edge, the node with the highest central value is determined as a key species of the plant community, and average connectivity and average clustering degree are calculated; calculating species importance values according to the average value of the relative coverage, the relative height and the relative productivity of each plant species in the community;
(4) When the variation of the forbidden high-cold meadow community structure and the healthy high-cold meadow is not obvious, the key species and the healthy high-cold meadow belong to the same genus, the average network connectivity and the average clustering degree reach more than 90% of the healthy high-cold meadow, and the productivity reaches more than 85% of the healthy high-cold meadow, the good recovery effect is achieved, and the forbidden pasture can be relieved.
Preferably, the sampling method in the step (1) includes dividing the grazing-forbidden plot and the healthy alpine meadow into 4-6 cells, and randomly selecting 6-9 sampling parties in each cell, wherein the specifications of the sampling parties are 0.5m long by 0.5m wide.
Preferably, the indicators of the community investigation in the step (1) include: plant coverage, height and productivity were measured.
Preferably, the species importance value of step (3) = (relative coverage + relative height + relative productivity)/3, wherein relative coverage is the sum of species coverage/all species coverage, relative height is the sum of species height/all species height, and relative productivity is the sum of species productivity/all species productivity.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the effect of forbidding and recovering a degraded alpine meadow, which introduces community structure analysis into the evaluation of the effect of forbidding and recovering the degraded alpine meadow, determines whether vegetation recovery is good or not by comparing the difference of the plant community structures of the forbidding meadow and the healthy meadow, and improves the evaluation method for neglecting the community structures only according to productivity; the method also introduces network analysis, screens key species, and characterizes the affinity degree of plant species and the complexity degree of communities through network connectivity and network clustering degree; the pasture forbidding effect can be more accurately and comprehensively evaluated by comparing pasture forbidding with healthy pastures from the angles of key species, inter-species relations and community complexity. The method integrates productivity, community structure and key species, can accurately evaluate the recovery condition of the structure and function of the ecological system of the degraded alpine meadow, and improves the accuracy and reliability of evaluation of the forbidden pasturing recovery effect of the degraded alpine meadow.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for evaluating the forbidden pasture recovery effect of a degraded alpine meadow, which comprises the following steps: (1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out community investigation in a Tibetan north severe cold degenerated meadow with an altitude of 4500 m or more in a Tibetan area by using sample methods in the severe cold meadow with different forbidden age periods and in the adjacent healthy severe cold meadow in 8 months;
(2) Performing differential analysis on plant community structures of the forbidden high-cold meadow and the healthy high-cold meadow by adopting a non-metric multidimensional analysis and displacement multivariate analysis method;
(3) Calculating species importance values, eliminating plants with the importance values lower than 5%, calculating correlation coefficients between two plants according to the species importance values, and selecting obviously correlated species to construct a plant community network; when the plant community network is constructed, plant species are taken as nodes, a correlation coefficient is taken as a weight of the network edge, the node with the highest central value is determined as a key species of the plant community, and average connectivity and average clustering degree are calculated; calculating species importance values according to the average value of the relative coverage, the relative height and the relative productivity of each plant species in the community;
(4) When the variation of the forbidden high-cold meadow community structure and the healthy high-cold meadow is not obvious, the key species and the healthy high-cold meadow belong to the same genus, the average network connectivity and the average clustering degree reach more than 90% of the healthy high-cold meadow, and the productivity reaches more than 85% of the healthy high-cold meadow, the good recovery effect is achieved, and the forbidden pasture can be relieved.
The invention discloses a method for investigating communities in a high-cold-degraded meadow in Tibetan areas, wherein the altitude of the method is 4500 meters or more, and the method is used for investigating communities in the high-cold meadow in different forbidden ages and in the nearby healthy high-cold meadow in 8 months. When the target grazing-forbidden plot and the healthy grassland are selected, the grazing-forbidden plot is preferably selected according to actual requirements, and the healthy grassland with regional representativeness is selected nearby for evaluating the health state of the grassland.
The invention utilizes a sample method to conduct community investigation, the sample method preferably comprises dividing a forbidden pasture and a healthy grassland into 4-6 cells, and randomly selecting 6-9 sample parties in each cell, wherein the specifications of the sample parties are 0.5m long by 0.5m wide; the indicators of the community investigation preferably include: plant coverage, height and productivity were measured.
The invention adopts a non-metric multidimensional analysis and a displacement multivariate analysis of variance method to carry out differential analysis on plant community structures of the pasture forbidden and healthy grasslands.
According to the method, species importance values are calculated, plants with the importance values lower than 5% are removed, correlation coefficients between two plants are calculated according to the species importance values, and obviously correlated species are selected to construct a plant community network; when the plant community network is constructed, plant species are taken as nodes, a correlation coefficient is taken as a weight of the network edge, the node with the highest central value is determined as a key species of the plant community, and average connectivity and average clustering degree are calculated; species importance is calculated from the average of the relative coverage, relative height, relative productivity of each plant species in the community.
The species importance value = (relative coverage + relative height + relative productivity)/3, wherein the relative coverage is the sum of species coverage/all species coverage, the relative height is the sum of species height/all species height, and the relative productivity is the sum of species productivity/all species productivity; and calculating a correlation coefficient between two plants according to the species importance value, and selecting a species with obvious correlation (p < 0.05) to construct a plant community network.
The calculation method of the correlation coefficient of the invention is preferably as follows:
wherein r is AB Is the correlation coefficient of the importance value between the two species A and B, A i And B i For the importance of the two species a and B in different parties,and->Is the average importance of the two species A and B in different parties.
The calculation method of the average connectivity preferably comprises the following steps:
wherein k is i The connectivity of the node i is obtained, and n is the number of nodes;
k i ＝Σ j≠i a ij
k i the algorithm of (a) is
Wherein a is ij Is the correlation coefficient between nodes i and j;
the calculation method of the average clustering degree is preferably as follows:
in CC i The clustering degree of the node i is obtained, and n is the number of the nodes;
CC i the algorithm of (a) is
Wherein, I i K is the number of connections between nodes having a connection with node i i ' is a node connected to node i.
In the invention, when the difference between the grazing-forbidden alpine meadow community structure and the healthy alpine meadow is not obvious, the key species and the healthy alpine meadow belong to the same genus, the average network connectivity and the average clustering degree reach more than 90% of the healthy alpine meadow, and the productivity reaches more than 85% of the healthy alpine meadow, the good recovery effect is achieved, and the grazing forbidden alpine meadow can be relieved.
Experiments are carried out on the color Ni region of the Natto area of the Tibetan autonomous region, and the degraded meadow with the average altitude of 4600 meters are taken as an example, so that the severe cold meadow community structure and the healthy meadow have no obvious difference (p > 0.05) between the disabled meadow community structure and the healthy meadow for 5 years and the disabled meadow for 7 years, the average connectivity and the average clustering degree of the key species and the healthy meadow of Songcao are 90% or more of the healthy meadow, the productivity of the disabled meadow for less than 5 years and the disabled meadow for 7 years are 85% or more of the healthy meadow, and the degraded high cold meadow recovery effect after the disabled meadow for 5-7 years is determined to be good, and the disabled meadow can be relieved.
The method for evaluating the effect of the recovery from grazing of the degraded alpine meadow provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but they are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Region: the average altitude of the color Nile area in the Natqu area of the Tibetan autonomous area is 4600 meters.
Sample selection: and selecting the degradation alpine meadows with different grazing prohibition years, including alpine meadows with grazing prohibition years below 5 years, grazing prohibition years 7 years and grazing prohibition years above 7 years, and typical healthy alpine meadows in the area.
Community investigation: in the growing season of 2014 (8 months), a sampling method is adopted to divide a forbidden plot and a healthy plot into 5 cells, 5 plots with the size of 0.5m are randomly selected in each cell, community investigation is carried out, the coverage and the height of plants are measured, and the productivity is calculated according to species. The result shows that the productivity of healthy grasslands is 87g/m 2 Less than 5 years of grazing, 7 years of grazing and more than 7 years of grazing are 77g/m respectively 2 、60g/m 2 、75g/m 2 And 69g/m 2 88.5%, 69.0%, 86.2% and 79.3% of healthy grass, respectively.
And (3) community structure analysis: the plant community structures of the pasture forbidden to be grazed and the healthy pasture forbidden to be grazed are subjected to differential analysis by adopting a non-metric multidimensional analysis and displacement multivariate analysis method, and the fact that the pasture forbidden to be grazed for 5 years and the pasture forbidden to be grazed for 7 years has no obvious difference (p > 0.05) from the plant community structures of the healthy pasture, and the plant community structures of the pasture forbidden to be grazed for less than 5 years and forbidden to be grazed for more than 7 years are obvious (p < 0.05).
Network analysis: removing plant seeds with the occurrence frequency lower than 5% from the community, and calculating species importance values according to average values of the relative coverage, the relative height and the relative productivity of the species; calculating a correlation coefficient between two plants according to the species importance value, and selecting species with obvious correlation (p < 0.05) to construct a plant community network; and taking the plant species as nodes, taking the correlation coefficient as the weight of the network connection line, and determining the node (species) with the highest centrality as the key species of the plant community. The result shows that the key seed of the healthy grassland is the tall fleabane herb, the Potentilla chinensis is forbidden for less than 5 years, the tall fleabane herb is forbidden for 5 years, the dwarf fleabane herb is forbidden for 7 years, and the Chinese fleabane herb is forbidden for more than 7 years. From the average connectivity, healthy grasslands are 6.5, less than 5 years of grazing, 7 years of grazing, and more than 7 years of grazing are 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, and 3.9, respectively, 80.0%, 93.8%, 95.4%, and 60.0% of healthy grasslands, respectively. The average clustering degree result shows that the healthy grasslands are 0.65, less than 5 years of grazing, 7 years of grazing, and more than 7 years of grazing, respectively 0.49, 0.62, 0.59 and 0.41, and 75.4%, 95.4%, 90.8% and 63.1% of the healthy grasslands.
And (3) recovery effect evaluation: the high-cold meadow community structure and the healthy grasslands have no obvious difference (p > 0.05) between the high-cold meadow community structure and the healthy grasslands for 5 years and 7 years, the key species and the healthy grasslands are of the same genus of the fleabane genus, the average network connectivity and the average clustering degree reach 90% or more of the healthy grasslands, and the productivity of the high-cold meadow community structure and the healthy grasslands for less than 5 years and 7 years of the high-cold meadow community structure and the healthy grasslands reach 85% or more. The result is combined, the recovery effect of the degraded alpine meadow after 5-7 years of grazing inhibition is determined to be good, and the grazing inhibition can be relieved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The evaluation method for the effect of forbidding pasture recovery of the degraded alpine meadow is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out community investigation in a Tibetan north severe cold degenerated meadow with an altitude of 4500 m or more in a Tibetan area by using sample methods in the severe cold meadow with different forbidden age periods and in the adjacent healthy severe cold meadow in 8 months;
(2) Performing differential analysis on plant community structures of the forbidden high-cold meadow and the healthy high-cold meadow by adopting a non-metric multidimensional analysis and displacement multivariate analysis method;
(3) Calculating species importance values, eliminating plants with the importance values lower than 5%, calculating correlation coefficients between two plants according to the species importance values, and selecting obviously correlated species to construct a plant community network; when the plant community network is constructed, plant species are taken as nodes, a correlation coefficient is taken as a weight of the network edge, the node with the highest central value is determined as a key species of the plant community, and average connectivity and average clustering degree are calculated; calculating species importance values according to the average value of the relative coverage, the relative height and the relative productivity of each plant species in the community;
(4) When the variation of the forbidden high-cold meadow community structure and the healthy high-cold meadow is not obvious, the key species and the healthy high-cold meadow belong to the same genus, the average network connectivity and the average clustering degree reach more than 90% of the healthy high-cold meadow, and the productivity reaches more than 85% of the healthy high-cold meadow, the good recovery effect is achieved, and the forbidden pasture can be relieved.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sampling method in the step (1) comprises dividing a forbidden pasture and a healthy alpine meadow into 4-6 cells, and randomly selecting 6-9 sampling parties in each cell, wherein the specifications of the sampling parties are 0.5m long by 0.5m wide.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the indicators of the community investigation of step (1) include: plant coverage, height and productivity were measured.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the species importance value = (relative coverage + relative height + relative productivity) of step (3), wherein relative coverage is the sum of species coverage/all species coverage, relative height is the sum of species height/all species height, and relative productivity is the sum of species productivity/all species productivity.
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