CN112070152A - Evaluation method for grazing recovery effect of degenerated alpine meadow - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating the grazing recovery effect of a degenerated alpine meadow, and relates to the technical field of evaluation of the grazing recovery effect of the alpine meadow. The method introduces a network analysis method, combines a sample survey method and a community analysis method, comprehensively evaluates the structure and function of an ecological system of the alpine meadow by comparing the community structural similarity, the key species, the community network connectivity, the clustering degree and the productivity of the healthy alpine meadow and the grazing alpine meadow, and accurately evaluates the recovery effect after the degraded alpine meadow is grazed. The method can solve the problems that the deteriorated alpine meadow is unclear in the grazing prohibition age and lacks a reasonable recovery effect evaluation method, can avoid biochemical succession in the alpine meadow caused by overlong grazing prohibition age on the basis of recovering the deteriorated alpine meadow, and fully utilizes meadow resources to achieve a multi-win effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of evaluation of grazing recovery effects in alpine meadows, and particularly relates to an evaluation method of grazing recovery effects in degraded alpine meadows.
Background
The Tibetan north plateau is an important plateau special animal husbandry production base in China, is also a source head area of big rivers such as Yangtze river, anger river and the like, is an important ecological safety barrier in China and south Asia areas, and has obvious ecological and production functions. However, in recent years, due to climate change, land utilization change, excessive grazing, frequent occurrence of biological disasters and the like, the alpine meadow in the north of tibetan has undergone large-area degradation, and although the degradation trend is restrained in recent years, the degradation situation is still severe overall.
The grazing prohibition is the first choice for recovering deteriorated grasslands, is widely applied in China, and has good effect. However, the grazing prohibition cannot be infinite, so that the long-term grazing prohibition is not only unfavorable for the stability of the ecological system of the meadow, but also can lead to biochemical succession of alpine meadows to alpine grasslands, is also not favorable for the development of meadow utilization and grass husbandry, and can bring impact on the socioeconomic development of alpine pastoral areas. At present, some researches indicate that the suitable grazing period of alpine meadows is 6-10 years, and the researches evaluate the vegetation recovery effect under the grazing condition by taking meadow productivity as a main measure, but the accuracy, the reliability and the like are questioned.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an evaluation method for the grazing prohibition recovery effect of a degraded alpine meadow, which can accurately evaluate the recovery situation of the structure and the function of the ecological system of the degraded alpine meadow and improve the accuracy and the reliability of evaluation of the grazing prohibition recovery effect of the degraded alpine meadow.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a degraded alpine meadow grazing-forbidden recovery effect evaluation method, which comprises the following steps of: (1) in the arctic-alpine deteriorated meadows in the tibetan with the altitude of more than 4500 m in the Tibet region, community investigation is carried out in 8 months by using sample methods in the arctic-alpine meadows in different grazing-forbidden years and adjacent healthy arctic meadows respectively;
(2) carrying out difference analysis on the plant community structures of the forbidden alpine meadows and the healthy alpine meadows by adopting a non-metric multi-dimensional scale analysis and displacement multivariate variance analysis method;
(3) calculating species important values, eliminating plants with the important values lower than 5%, calculating a correlation coefficient between the two plants according to the species important values, and selecting obviously related species to construct a plant community network; when the plant community network is constructed, plant species are used as nodes, correlation coefficients are used as weights of network edges, the node with the highest central value is determined as a key species of the plant community, and average connectivity and average similarity are calculated; calculating species importance values according to the average values of relative coverage, relative height and relative productivity of each plant species in the community;
(4) when the structure of the grazing-forbidden alpine meadow community is not remarkably different from that of a healthy alpine meadow, key species and the healthy alpine meadow belong to the same genus, the average network connectivity and average degree reach over 90% of that of the healthy alpine meadow, and the productivity reaches over 85% of that of the healthy alpine meadow, a good recovery effect is achieved, and grazing prohibition can be relieved.
Preferably, the sample method in the step (1) comprises dividing the grazing sample plot and the healthy alpine meadow into 4-6 cells, and randomly selecting 6-9 samples in each cell, wherein the specification of the samples is 0.5m in length and 0.5m in width.
Preferably, the indexes of the community survey in step (1) include: plant coverage, height and productivity were determined.
Preferably, the species importance value in step (3) is (relative coverage + relative height + relative productivity)/3, wherein the relative coverage is the sum of species coverage/all species coverage, the relative height is the sum of species height/all species height, and the relative productivity is the sum of species productivity/all species productivity.
The invention provides an evaluation method of a grazing prohibition recovery effect of a degenerated alpine meadow, which introduces community structure analysis into evaluation of the grazing prohibition recovery effect of the degenerated alpine meadow, determines whether vegetation recovery is good or not by comparing the difference of community structures of plants of a grazing prohibition meadow and a healthy meadow, and improves the evaluation method of ignoring the community structure only according to productivity; the method also introduces network analysis, screens key species, and represents the plant species correlation affinity degree and community complexity degree through network connectivity degree and network clustering degree; the pasture forbidding effect can be more accurately and comprehensively evaluated by comparing the pasture forbidding and the healthy grasslands from the aspects of key species, interspecific relations and community complexity. The method integrates productivity, community structure and key species, can accurately evaluate the recovery condition of the structure and function of the ecological system of the degraded alpine meadow, and improves the accuracy and reliability of evaluation of the grazing prohibition recovery effect of the degraded alpine meadow.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a degraded alpine meadow grazing-forbidden recovery effect evaluation method, which comprises the following steps of: (1) in the arctic-alpine deteriorated meadows in the tibetan with the altitude of more than 4500 m in the Tibet region, community investigation is carried out in 8 months by using sample methods in the arctic-alpine meadows in different grazing-forbidden years and adjacent healthy arctic meadows respectively;
(2) carrying out difference analysis on the plant community structures of the forbidden alpine meadows and the healthy alpine meadows by adopting a non-metric multi-dimensional scale analysis and displacement multivariate variance analysis method;
(3) calculating species important values, eliminating plants with the important values lower than 5%, calculating a correlation coefficient between the two plants according to the species important values, and selecting obviously related species to construct a plant community network; when the plant community network is constructed, plant species are used as nodes, correlation coefficients are used as weights of network edges, the node with the highest central value is determined as a key species of the plant community, and average connectivity and average similarity are calculated; calculating species importance values according to the average values of relative coverage, relative height and relative productivity of each plant species in the community;
(4) when the structure of the grazing-forbidden alpine meadow community is not remarkably different from that of a healthy alpine meadow, key species and the healthy alpine meadow belong to the same genus, the average network connectivity and average degree reach over 90% of that of the healthy alpine meadow, and the productivity reaches over 85% of that of the healthy alpine meadow, a good recovery effect is achieved, and grazing prohibition can be relieved.
The method is used for carrying out community investigation in 8 months in alpine deteriorated meadows in the north of Tibet with the altitude of more than 4500 m in the Tibet region and in alpine meadows in different grazing-forbidden years and adjacent healthy alpine meadows respectively by using the sample method. In selecting a target grazing land and a healthy lawn, the invention preferably selects a grazing land according to the actual demand and selects a healthy lawn having a regional representation nearby for evaluating the health status of the lawn.
The community survey method is used for community survey, and preferably comprises the steps of dividing pastoral plots and healthy grasslands into 4-6 cells, randomly selecting 6-9 samples in each cell, wherein the specification of the samples is 0.5m in length and 0.5m in width; the indexes of community survey preferably include: plant coverage, height and productivity were determined.
The invention adopts a non-metric multi-dimensional scale analysis and a displacement multivariate variance analysis method to perform difference analysis on the plant community structures of the grazing grassland and the healthy grassland.
According to the method, species important values are calculated, plants with the important values lower than 5% are removed, correlation coefficients between the two plants are calculated according to the species important values, and obviously related species are selected to construct a plant community network; when the plant community network is constructed, plant species are used as nodes, correlation coefficients are used as weights of network edges, the node with the highest central value is determined as a key species of the plant community, and average connectivity and average similarity are calculated; species importance values were calculated from the average of relative coverage, relative height, relative productivity of each plant species in the community.
The important value of the species is (relative coverage + relative height + relative productivity)/3, wherein the relative coverage is the sum of the coverage of the species/the coverage of all the species, the relative height is the sum of the height of the species/the height of all the species, and the relative productivity is the sum of the productivity of the species/the productivity of all the species; and calculating a correlation coefficient between the two plants according to the species importance values, and selecting the species with obvious correlation (p <0.05) to construct a plant community network.
The method for calculating the correlation coefficient of the present invention is preferably:
in the formula, rABIs a correlation coefficient of important values between A and B species, AiAnd BiFor the important values of the two species a and B in different ways,
and
the average importance of the two species a and B in different species is given.
The average connectivity is preferably calculated by:
in the formula, kiThe connectivity of the node i, and n is the number of nodes;
ki＝Σj≠iaij
kithe algorithm of (1)
In the formula, aijIs the correlation coefficient between nodes i and j;
the average clustering degree is preferably calculated by:
in the formula, CCiThe clustering degree of the node i is shown, and n is the number of the nodes;
CCithe algorithm of (1)
In the formula IiNumber of connections between nodes connected to node i, Ki' is a node with a connection to node i.
In the method, when the structure of the grazing alpine meadow community is not remarkably different from that of a healthy alpine meadow, key species and the healthy alpine meadow belong to the same genus, the average network connectivity and average degree reach over 90 percent of that of the healthy alpine meadow, and the productivity reaches over 85 percent of that of the healthy alpine meadow, a good recovery effect is achieved, and grazing can be relieved.
In the embodiment of the invention, experiments are carried out by taking deteriorated meadows with the average altitude of 4600 meters in the Narginia region of the Tibet autonomous region as an example, and the results prove that the alpine meadow community structure has no obvious difference (p is more than 0.05) from the healthy meadow in 5 years of banning and 7 years of banning, the alpine meadow community structure, the average network connectivity and the average homopolymerization degree of the key species and the healthy meadow all belong to the alpine genus, the average network connectivity and the average homopolymerization degree of the key species and the healthy meadow all reach 90% or more of the healthy meadow, the productivity reaches 85% or more of the healthy meadow in less than 5 years of banning and 7 years of banning, the deteriorated alpine meadow recovery effect.
The method for evaluating the effect of grazing recovery in a deteriorated alpine meadow according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto.
Example 1
The region: tibet autonomous region Naqu region, Subtilant region, average altitude of 4600 meters.
And (3) selecting the sample pattern: selecting different degradation alpine meadows with different grazing-prohibiting years, wherein the alpine meadows with different grazing-prohibiting years are selected, and comprise alpine meadows with different grazing-prohibiting years, with different grazing-prohibiting years of 5 years, with different grazing-prohibiting years of 7 years, with different grazing-prohibiting years of more than 7 years, and typical healthy alpine meadows in.
Community survey: in 2014, in the vigorous growing season (8 months), a sample method is adopted, pastoral samples and healthy grassland are divided into 5 cells, 5 samples with the size of 0.5m x 0.5m are randomly selected in each cell, community investigation is carried out, the plant coverage and height are measured, and the productivity is calculated according to species. The results showed a healthy turf productivity of 87g/m2The weight of the animal is 77g/m respectively below 5 years of grazing forbiddance, 7 years of grazing forbiddance and above 7 years of grazing forbiddance2、60g/m2、75g/m2And 69g/m288.5%, 69.0%, 86.2% and 79.3% of healthy grass, respectively.
And (3) community structure analysis: the difference analysis of the plant community structures of the pasture areas and the healthy grasslands is carried out by adopting a non-metric multi-dimensional scale analysis and displacement multivariate variance analysis method, and the difference (p is more than 0.05) between the grasslands and the healthy grasslands in 5-year and 7-year pasture forbidding and the difference (p is less than 0.05) between the grasslands and the healthy grasslands in 5-year and more than 7-year pasture forbidding and the healthy grasslands are found.
Network analysis: eliminating plant species with the frequency of less than 5% in the community, and calculating species importance values according to the average values of the relative coverage, relative height and relative productivity of the species; calculating a correlation coefficient between the two plants according to the species importance values, and selecting a species with obvious correlation (p <0.05) to construct a plant community network; and (3) taking the plant species as nodes, taking the correlation coefficient as the weight of the network connecting line, and determining the node (species) with the highest centrality as a key species of the plant community. The results show that the key species of the healthy grassland is high-mountain fleabane, the herb of Tomentia multifida is below 5 years of grazing, the herb of high-mountain fleabane is above 5 years of grazing, the herb of dwarf fleabane is above 7 years of grazing, and the herb of fleabane is above 7 years of grazing. From the average connectivity, healthy turf was 6.5, 5 years under grazing, 7 years over grazing, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, and 3.9, respectively, which were 80.0%, 93.8%, 95.4%, and 60.0% of healthy turf, respectively. The average clustering results showed that healthy turf was 0.65, under 5 years of grazing, 7 years of grazing, over 7 years of grazing, 0.49, 0.62, 0.59, and 0.41, respectively, 75.4%, 95.4%, 90.8%, and 63.1% of healthy turf, respectively.
Evaluation of recovery effect: the alpine meadow community structure has no obvious difference (p is more than 0.05) with the healthy grassland in 5-year grazing and 7-year grazing forbidding, the key species and the healthy grassland are of the same genus of the tall fescue, the network average connectivity and the average similarity reach 90% or more of the healthy grassland, and the productivity reaches 85% or more of the healthy grassland in less than 5-year grazing and 7-year grazing forbidding. And (4) integrating the results, determining that the recovery effect of the degraded alpine meadow is good after 5-7 years of grazing forbidding, and removing the grazing forbidding.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A deteriorated alpine meadow grazing recovery effect evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) in the arctic-alpine deteriorated meadows in the tibetan with the altitude of more than 4500 m in the Tibet region, community investigation is carried out in 8 months by using sample methods in the arctic-alpine meadows in different grazing-forbidden years and adjacent healthy arctic meadows respectively;
(2) carrying out difference analysis on the plant community structures of the forbidden alpine meadows and the healthy alpine meadows by adopting a non-metric multi-dimensional scale analysis and displacement multivariate variance analysis method;
(3) calculating species important values, eliminating plants with the important values lower than 5%, calculating a correlation coefficient between the two plants according to the species important values, and selecting obviously related species to construct a plant community network; when the plant community network is constructed, plant species are used as nodes, correlation coefficients are used as weights of network edges, the node with the highest central value is determined as a key species of the plant community, and average connectivity and average similarity are calculated; calculating species importance values according to the average values of relative coverage, relative height and relative productivity of each plant species in the community;
(4) when the structure of the grazing-forbidden alpine meadow community is not remarkably different from that of a healthy alpine meadow, key species and the healthy alpine meadow belong to the same genus, the average network connectivity and average degree reach over 90% of that of the healthy alpine meadow, and the productivity reaches over 85% of that of the healthy alpine meadow, a good recovery effect is achieved, and grazing prohibition can be relieved.
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the sample method of step (1) comprises dividing the grazing sample plot and the healthy alpine meadow into 4-6 cells, and randomly selecting 6-9 samples with a length of 0.5m and a width of 0.5m in each cell.
3. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the index of the community survey in step (1) comprises: plant coverage, height and productivity were determined.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the species importance value in step (3) is (relative coverage + relative height + relative productivity)/3, wherein relative coverage is the sum of species coverage/total species coverage, relative height is the sum of species height/total species height, and relative productivity is the sum of species productivity/total species productivity.
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