CN112067508A - Simulation device and simulation method for diffusion of overlying strata isolation grouting filling slurry - Google Patents
Simulation device and simulation method for diffusion of overlying strata isolation grouting filling slurry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating diffusion of overburden rock isolation grouting filling slurry, which are suitable for industrial and mining research. The device comprises a simulation mining module, a grouting unit, a slurry multistage stirring and storing unit, a slurry pumping and flow stabilizing unit and a data monitoring and data acquisition unit; and a simulated mining module is laid in the grouting unit, and materials of the simulated caving zone and the simulated isolation layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The experimental method comprises the steps of adding a tracer into the slurry, and reproducing the slurry diffusion process; the storage type pressure gauge can continuously record the pressure value of each hole, and the bleeding characteristics of the slurry can be determined by researching the absorbed water amount in the similar simulation material. The non-contact strain measurement camera can continuously take pictures to monitor the compaction quantity of the simulated collapse zone. The simulation under different working condition backgrounds such as single-hole, multi-hole and multi-hole sequential grouting can be carried out according to research needs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation experiment device and a simulation method, in particular to a device and a method for simulating diffusion of overburden rock isolation grouting filling slurry used in coal mining.
Background
The overburden rock isolation grouting filling is one of important components of a coal mine green mining technology system. In recent years, the coal pressing device plays an important role in solving the problem of coal pressing below a building, and gradually becomes an important means for solving the problem of mining and taking over of a mine enterprise. According to the method, the rock stratum movement law is fully utilized, high-pressure grouting filling is carried out on the selected lower separation layer cavity of the key layer, so that the injectable space is enlarged, the overlying strata form a compaction bearing structure, the key layer is supported, the ground surface subsidence is effectively controlled, and ground structures are protected.
One of the key points of the technical research is the diffusion rule of the slurry in the overlying strata fracture. Due to the complexity of the actual formation, the existing in-situ test method cannot intuitively reflect the diffusion process of the slurry in the separation layer. At present, an indoor simulation experiment is an important means for researching a slurry diffusion theory and a grouting technology, and a traditional simulation experiment system meets the simulation requirement under a specific engineering background to a certain extent, but cannot be applied to the diffusion simulation experiment of slurry in an overlying strata fracture. And mainly has the following defects:
(1) the dynamic development process of the isolated zone during mining cannot be accurately simulated.
(2) The simulation system does not have visualization conditions and can not visually obtain the slurry diffusion characteristics in the experiment
(3) The dynamic compaction process of the broken rock mass in the caving zone in the grouting process cannot be simulated.
(4) The traditional similar simulation material is composed of sand, gypsum and calcium carbonate with different proportions, and the obtained similar material is extremely easy to disintegrate when meeting slurry or water, is not suitable for similar flow-solid coupling experiment simulation and cannot be used for an experiment under a grouting condition.
(5) The traditional similarity simulation system still uses a mode of prearranging measuring points in the aspect of strain monitoring, and has extremely high requirements on the tightness of the device due to the requirement of the similarity of diffusion simulation experiments in overlying strata fractures, so that the traditional method cannot be used
Strain monitoring is performed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the simulation device and the simulation method for the diffusion of the overburden rock isolation grouting filling slurry are simple in structure and real in simulation effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the simulation device for the diffusion of the overlying strata isolation grouting filling slurry comprises a simulation mining module, a grouting unit, a slurry pumping and flow stabilizing unit, a slurry multi-stage stirring and storing unit and a data monitoring and collecting unit;
the grouting unit comprises a transparent organic glass cavity and a cover plate which are matched with each other, a sealing washer around the cover plate for sealing is arranged between the transparent organic glass cavity and the cover plate and is fastened and sealed through bolts, specifically, a circle of guide groove for accommodating the sealing washer around the cover plate is arranged on an opening at the top of the transparent organic glass cavity, the sealing washer around the cover plate is arranged in the guide groove, a circle of threaded holes are formed in the transparent organic glass cavity and the cover plate at the outer side of the guide groove at intervals, bolts are arranged in the threaded holes, the sealing washers are arranged on the bolts, a plurality of grouting holes are formed in the cover plate at equal intervals along a central line, a grouting pipeline with a corresponding size is arranged in each grouting hole;
the simulation mining module comprises a crawler belt, rolling shafts, a base, a remote control electric control winch, a traction chain and a pulley block, wherein the base is a rectangular cavity with the size matched with that of the transparent organic glass cavity, the remote control electric control winch and the pulley block are arranged at the bottom of the base, the plurality of rolling shafts are arranged at the upper opening of the base in parallel, the crawler belt is arranged on the plurality of rolling shafts and is mutually connected with the pulley block through the traction chain, and the pulley block is connected with the remote control electric control winch; when the device is used, the whole simulation mining module is fixed in the transparent organic glass cavity by the base, the traction chain is driven by controlling the remote control electric control winch to drive the crawler belt to move on the rolling shaft, and the process that the horizontal movement of the crawler belt simulates the mining of a working face and forms a goaf is realized;
the multistage stirring and slurry storage unit comprises a fixed support, a fixed support top interface and a fixed support lower interface are respectively arranged above and below the fixed support, a cooling tank is arranged on the fixed support lower interface, a slurry making barrel is arranged in the cooling tank, a sleeve clamp is arranged in the slurry making barrel, a stirrer extending into the slurry making barrel is arranged on the fixed support top interface, a stirrer speed regulation box is connected with a stirrer circuit, a ball valve is arranged below the side edge of the cooling tank, fly ash slurry is extremely easy to precipitate in a standing state, so that the concentration difference of injected slurry in an experiment is large, therefore, the multistage stirring equipment can provide continuous stirring work for the prepared slurry in the experiment process, in the experiment, as the slurry needs to be prepared and guided into the slurry making barrel for multiple times, at the moment, in order to ensure the consistency of new slurry and old slurry and prevent the precipitation of slurry, the stirring speed should be changed by adjusting the stirrer speed, and the slurry is kept in a stirring state all the time.
The slurry pumping and flow stabilizing unit comprises a peristaltic pump, the peristaltic pump is fixed on the top interface of the fixed support, a slurry inlet of the peristaltic pump extends into the slurry making barrel through a pipeline and is connected and fixed with the sleeve clamp, a slurry outlet of the peristaltic pump is connected with the grouting unit through a three-way valve and a grouting pipeline, and a slurry storage device is arranged on the grouting pipeline;
the data monitoring and acquisition unit comprises a video camera, a non-contact strain measurement camera and a plurality of storage type pressure gauges, wherein the video camera is arranged at a position right above the grouting unit and used for shooting video information of flowing of slurry; the non-contact strain measurement camera is arranged at a position right facing the grouting unit and used for monitoring the strain condition of each position in the grouting process, and the camera, the non-contact strain measurement camera and the plurality of storage type pressure gauges are connected with the data acquisition device through data lines.
Uniformly paving a layer of caving zone crushed rock body simulation material above a mining module in a transparent organic glass cavity, flattening, paving a layer of solid-fluid coupling similar material between the caving zone crushed rock body simulation material and a cover plate, and standing for 24 hours to obtain the artificial caving rock; the simulated caving zone is made of sawdust or light soft foam for crushing rock mass; the main body of the solid-current coupling similar material is sponge, the upper part of the sponge is provided with an industrial filter cloth whole layer covering, the lower part of the sponge is adhered with a waterproof film adhesive and the sponge together form an isolation layer which is contacted with the slurry, the isolation layer is of a whole layer structure and is directly laid above the fractured rock mass simulation material of the caving zone, water separated out from the slurry freely penetrates through the filter cloth and is stored in the sponge, and if the sponge reaches a limit water storage state, the water can not be retained any more, the waterproof film plays a role of water isolation and prevents the water from penetrating into the fractured rock mass simulation material of the caving zone.
Transparent scales perpendicular to the bottom are arranged on the periphery of the transparent organic glass cavity at equal intervals.
The position of the video camera is adjusted to a position capable of shooting the whole situation of a grouting experiment, the non-contact strain measurement camera is opposite to and can clearly shoot the dynamic change position of the fractured rock mass in the caving zone simulated by the material simulating the fractured rock mass in the caving zone in the grouting unit, and the video camera can be arranged at any position needing direct video detection according to needs.
A simulation method of a simulation device for overburden rock isolation grouting filling slurry diffusion comprises the following steps:
mixing fly ash and water according to a proportion required by an experiment to prepare simulated slurry, adding a tracer into the simulated slurry, injecting the simulated slurry into a separation layer formed in a transparent organic glass cavity from a grouting hole of a cover plate, recording the whole diffusion process of the simulated slurry in the separation layer by using a camera, and analyzing the plane flowing form of the simulated slurry in a video to obtain the diffusion rule of the simulated slurry;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, mounting a simulation mining module, and placing the simulation mining module at the bottom of a transparent organic glass cavity; uniformly paving the same-thickness caving zone crushed rock mass simulation material above the simulation mining module; then uniformly paving solid-fluid coupling similar materials with equal thickness above the broken rock body simulation material of the caving zone, and determining the simulated initial fracture opening degree by the thickness of the paved solid-fluid coupling similar materials; a injectable space is reserved between the upper surface of the solid-fluid coupling similar material and the cover plate;
covering the cover plate above the transparent organic glass cavity, fitting the sealing gaskets around the cover plate with the guide grooves, and connecting bolts and nuts to ensure the air tightness between the cover plate and the transparent organic glass cavity;
continuously grouting the grouting unit through a plurality of grouting holes in the cover plate until the whole reserved groutable space is filled with grout, starting to control the mining module to carry out simulated face extraction when the pressure data is recorded by the storage type pressure gauge, and continuously working the mining module in the grouting process until grouting is finished, wherein the simulation material of the fractured rock mass of the caving zone is bent and fractured under the influence of mining;
in the grouting process, the whole process of diffusion of the grout added with the tracer in the separation layer is recorded through a camera, the pressure of each grouting hole is continuously recorded by utilizing a plurality of storage type pressure gauges, the data of pressure distribution and frame conditions are obtained through analysis, the grout injected through the grouting holes in the grouting process is subjected to planar diffusion by taking the grouting holes as the circle centers, the flow speed of the grout is continuously reduced in the flowing process, and the pressures of the grout reacted at all positions in the separation layer are different by utilizing the flowing characteristics of the grouting pressure to react the grout;
the upper part of an isolation layer made of a solid-fluid coupling similar material is not completely contacted with a cover plate, a rectangular grouting space is reserved, grouting is continued after the preset grouting space is filled with injected grout, the pressure of the grout at each position in the isolation layer basically tends to be consistent, the flowing of the grout under the condition is not obvious, due to the increase of the pressure and the self-weight influence of the grout, the simulation isolation layer made of the solid-fluid coupling similar material is continuously pressed downwards by the grout while deforming, a new grouting space is formed, the detected grouting pressure value shows a fluctuation type change, the pressure distribution and the change condition of each grouting hole are continuously recorded and filed, and the change rule of the pressure in the simulation grout flow in the grouting process is obtained by analyzing the pressure change condition of the collected grouting holes; because the slurry is filled for continuous water separation, the separated water continuously permeates through the filter cloth and is absorbed by the simulation isolating layer, the slurry in the isolatable layer is continuously separated from water and consolidated into slurry, and the thickness of the slurry is continuously increased in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction along with the continuous grouting;
in the grouting process, a non-contact strain measurement camera is used for continuously shooting and recording, the grouting space is continuously reduced along with the increase of the volume of injected slurry, and the grouting pressure is continuously increased; after the simulated separation layer is filled with injected grout, continuously pressurizing and grouting, wherein the grout pressure at each position in the separation layer basically tends to be consistent, and the grouting pump is constant-speed grouting, so that the grouting pressure is constant after the grouting flow is fixed, and the caving zone broken rock simulation material below the simulated separation layer is compressed under the action of self weight and the extrusion of grout above under the joint influence of the grouting pressure and the self weight of the grout in the separation layer under the condition that the grouting pressure and the self weight of the grout in the separation layer absorb enough moisture; the grouting pressure value shows fluctuation type change, and the compaction amount information of the broken rock mass of the simulated collapse zone is measured through the change of the grouting pressure;
after the device is cleaned, the phenomenon that the device is repeatedly used due to the fact that slurry is piled up and similar simulation materials are solidified is prevented.
Key parameters such as slurry water-cement ratio, grouting flow and the like can be switched at will according to experiment needs, single-hole grouting experiment research of overlying rock isolation grouting filling can be developed, and simulation experiments under a plurality of different working condition backgrounds such as porous grouting experiment research and porous sequence grouting experiment research can also be realized.
Has the advantages that:
the dynamic evolution process of 3 parts of the injected separation layer, the isolation layer and the broken rock mass in the caving zone formed by mining is visual, and the whole process of flowing of the slurry in the separation layer is reproduced through tracing. And simulating the fractured rock mass of the caving zone by using saw dust, and monitoring the compression data of the fractured rock mass of the caving zone under the influence of grouting pressure by non-contact measurement. The sensor measures stress and strain during traditional contact, and particularly, the sensor has the defects that the arrangement is complex in the aspect of measuring strain, part of the sensor is damaged in the arrangement or use process, data measured by the sensor cannot be monitored in real time and the data can be exported, the non-contact measurement can not only reduce the complex process of point arrangement, but also continuously record the displacement of the monitored part in the experimental process, and can realize the function of automatically processing the strain value, so that the working strength of data import and analysis is greatly reduced, and the experimental research process is simplified. The solid-fluid coupling experimental material (the novel solid-fluid coupling similar material is a solid-phase dispersion prepared by mixing and heating paraffin, hydraulic oil, PVA material, hydrated magnesium silicate fine powder, river sand and straw powder according to a certain proportion and similar materials in the state are paved and molded) uniformly spread and flattened to simulate the isolation layer below a grouting layer after the solid-fluid coupling experimental material is disintegrated when meeting water and slurry, the defect that the traditional similar simulation material cannot be disintegrated when meeting water slurry is overcome, and the process that the slurry separates out water in the flowing process can be simulated. Meanwhile, the invention can be used for carrying out single-hole grouting experimental research, multi-hole grouting experimental research and multi-hole sequential grouting experimental research on overburden rock isolation grouting filling, and key parameters such as slurry water cement ratio, grouting flow and the like can be switched at will according to experimental requirements in the experiment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for simulating the diffusion of overlying strata isolation grouting filling slurry;
FIG. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of the device for simulating the diffusion of the overburden rock isolation grouting filling slurry according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a simulated mining module of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a transparent organic glass cavity; 2-a threaded hole; 3-grouting holes; 4-sealing a gasket around the cover plate; 5-sealing rubber ring; 6-bolt; 7-cover plate; 8-crawler belt; 9-a roller; 10-a base; 11-remote control electric control capstan; 12-a drag chain; 13-a pulley block; 14-a fixed support; 15-a stirrer; 16-a blender gearbox; 17-pulping barrel; 18-a cooling tank; 19-ball valve; 20-fixed shelf lower interface; 21-fixed stent top interface; 22-a peristaltic pump; 23-grouting a pipeline; 24-a cannula clamp; 25-a slurry storage device; 26-a camera; 27-a non-contact strain measurement camera; 28-storage pressure gauge; 29-three-way valve; 30-a data acquisition device; 31-a data line; 32-novel solid-fluid coupling similar materials; 33-simulating fractured rock mass similar material of the fractured zone.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, embodiments and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the simulation device for overburden rock isolation grouting filling slurry diffusion comprises a simulation mining module, a grouting unit, a slurry pumping and flow stabilizing unit, a slurry multi-stage stirring and storing unit and a data monitoring and acquiring unit;
the grouting unit comprises a transparent organic glass cavity 1 and a cover plate 7 which are matched with each other, a sealing gasket 4 used for sealing the periphery of the cover plate is arranged between the transparent organic glass cavity 1 and the cover plate 7 and is fastened and sealed through bolts, concretely, a circle of guide groove for accommodating the sealing gasket 4 around the cover plate is arranged on an opening at the top of the transparent organic glass cavity 1, the sealing gasket 4 around the cover plate is arranged in the guide groove, a circle of threaded holes 2 are formed in the outer sides of the guide groove of the transparent organic glass cavity 1 and the cover plate 7 at intervals, bolts 6 are arranged in the threaded holes 2, the sealing gaskets 5 are arranged on the bolts, a plurality of grouting holes 3 are formed in the cover plate 7 at equal intervals along a central line, a grouting pipeline with a corresponding size is arranged in each grouting;
as shown in fig. 3, the simulated mining module comprises a crawler belt 8, rollers 9, a base 10, a remote control electric control winch 11, a traction chain 12 and a pulley block 13, wherein the base 10 is a rectangular cavity matched with the transparent organic glass cavity 1 in size, the remote control electric control winch 11 and the pulley block 13 are arranged at the bottom of the base 10, a plurality of rollers 9 are arranged at an upper opening of the base 10 in parallel, the crawler belt 8 is arranged on the plurality of rollers 9, the crawler belt 8 is mutually connected with the pulley block 13 through the traction chain 12, and the pulley block 13 is connected with the remote control electric control winch 11; when the mining simulation device is used, the whole simulation mining module is fixed in the transparent organic glass cavity 1 by the base 10, the traction chain 12 is driven by controlling the remote control electric control winch 11 to drive the crawler 8 to move on the rolling shaft 9, and the process that the horizontal movement of the crawler 8 simulates the working face mining and forms a goaf is realized;
uniformly paving a layer of caving band crushed rock body simulation material 33 above a mining module in the transparent organic glass cavity 1, flattening, paving a layer of solid-fluid coupling similar material 32 between the caving band crushed rock body simulation material 33 and the cover plate 7, and standing for 24 hours to obtain the artificial; 33 sawdust or light soft foam which is used as a material for simulating a broken rock body of the caving zone; the main body of the solid-current coupling similar material 32 is sponge, the upper part of the sponge is provided with an industrial filter cloth whole layer covering, the lower part of the sponge is adhered with a waterproof film adhesive and the sponge together form an isolation layer which is contacted with the slurry, the isolation layer is of a whole layer structure and is directly paved above the fractured rock mass simulation material 33 of the caving zone, water separated out from the slurry freely penetrates through the filter cloth and is stored in the sponge, and if the sponge reaches a limit water storage state, the water can not be retained any more, the waterproof film plays a role of water insulation and prevents water from penetrating into the fractured rock mass simulation material 33 of the caving zone.
The multistage stirring and slurry storage unit comprises a fixed support 14, a fixed support top interface 21 and a fixed support lower interface 20 are respectively arranged above and below the fixed support 14, a cooling tank 18 is arranged on the fixed support lower interface, a slurry making barrel 17 is arranged in the cooling tank 18, a sleeve clamp 24 is arranged in the slurry making barrel 17, a stirrer 15 extending into the slurry making barrel 17 is arranged on the fixed support top interface 21, a stirrer speed adjusting box 16 is connected with a stirrer 15 line, a ball valve 19 is arranged below the side edge of the cooling tank 18, and the fly ash slurry is easy to separate and deposit under a standing state, so that the concentration difference of injected slurry in an experiment is large, therefore, the multistage stirring equipment can provide continuous stirring work for the prepared slurry in the experiment process, in the experiment, as the slurry needs to be prepared and guided into the slurry making barrel 17 for multiple times, at the moment, in order to ensure the consistency of the concentration of new slurry and old slurry and prevent the separated and deposited slurry, the stirring speed should, and the slurry is kept in a stirring state all the time.
The slurry pumping and flow stabilizing unit comprises a peristaltic pump 22, the peristaltic pump 22 is fixed on a top interface 21 of the fixed support, a slurry inlet of the peristaltic pump 22 extends into the slurry making barrel 17 through a pipeline and is connected and fixed with a sleeve clamp 24, a slurry outlet of the peristaltic pump 22 is connected with the grouting unit through a three-way valve 29 and a grouting pipeline 23, and a slurry storage device 25 is arranged on the grouting pipeline 23;
the data monitoring and acquisition unit comprises a video camera 26, a non-contact strain measurement camera 27 and a plurality of storage type pressure gauges 28, wherein the video camera 26 is arranged at a position right above the grouting unit and used for shooting video information of flowing of slurry, the storage type pressure gauges 28 are arranged on the grouting pipeline 23 and the cover plate 7 and used for acquiring the pressure at each part of the grouting pipeline 23 and the cover plate 7, the storage type pressure gauges 28 are connected to a data acquisition unit through data lines, and data processing software in the data acquisition unit automatically records the change situation of the internal pressure of the device measured in an experiment in real time and automatically generates a pressure data curve; the non-contact strain measurement camera 27 is arranged at a position opposite to the grouting unit and used for monitoring the strain condition of each position in the grouting process, and the video camera 26, the non-contact strain measurement camera 27 and the plurality of storage type pressure gauges 28 are connected with the data acquisition device 30 through data lines 31. The position of the video camera 26 is adjusted to a position capable of shooting the whole situation of the grouting experiment, the non-contact strain measurement camera 27 is opposite to and can clearly shoot the dynamic change position of the fractured rock mass in the caving zone simulated by the material 33 for simulating the fractured rock mass in the caving zone in the grouting unit, and the non-contact strain measurement camera can be arranged at any position needing direct video detection according to needs.
A simulation method for spreading of overburden rock isolation grouting filling slurry comprises the following steps:
mixing fly ash and water according to a proportion required by an experiment to prepare simulated slurry, adding a tracer into the simulated slurry, injecting the simulated slurry into a separation layer formed in a transparent organic glass cavity 1 from a grouting hole 3 of a cover plate 7, recording the whole diffusion process of the simulated slurry in the separation layer by using a camera 26, and analyzing the planar flowing form of the simulated slurry in a video to obtain the diffusion rule of the simulated slurry;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, mounting a simulation mining module, and placing the simulation mining module at the bottom of a transparent organic glass cavity 1; uniformly paving the caving zone crushed rock mass simulation material 33 with the same thickness above the simulation mining module; then uniformly paving solid-fluid coupling similar materials 32 with equal thickness above the broken rock body simulation material 33 of the caving zone, and determining the simulated initial fracture opening degree by the thickness of the paved solid-fluid coupling similar materials 32; a injectable space is left between the upper surface of the solid-fluid coupling similar material 32 and the cover plate 7;
covering the cover plate 7 above the transparent organic glass cavity 1, using a sealing gasket around the cover plate to be matched with the guide groove, and connecting bolts and nuts to ensure the air tightness between the cover plate 7 and the transparent organic glass cavity 1;
continuously grouting the grouting units through the plurality of grouting holes 3 on the cover plate 7 until the whole reserved grouting space is filled with grout, starting to control the mining module to carry out simulated face extraction when the pressure data is recorded by the storage type pressure gauge 28, and then continuously working the mining module in the grouting process until grouting is finished, so that the fractured rock mass simulation material 33 of the caving zone is bent and fractured under the influence of mining;
in the grouting process, the whole process of diffusion of the grout added with the tracer in the separation layer is recorded through a camera 26, the pressure of each grouting hole 3 is continuously recorded through a plurality of storage type pressure gauges 28, the data of pressure distribution and frame conditions are obtained through analysis, the grout injected through the grouting holes 3 in the grouting process is subjected to planar diffusion by taking the grouting holes as the circle centers, the flow speed of the grout is continuously reduced in the flowing process, and the pressures of the grout reacted at all positions in the separation layer are different by utilizing the flowing characteristics of the grouting pressure to react the grout;
the upper part of the isolation layer formed by the solid-fluid coupling similar material 32 is not completely contacted with the cover plate 7, a rectangular grouting space is reserved, grouting is continued after the preset grouting space is filled with injected grout, the pressure of the grout at each position in the separation layer basically tends to be consistent, the flowing of the grout under the condition is not obvious, the simulation isolation layer formed by the solid-fluid coupling similar material 32 is continuously pressed downwards by the grout while being deformed due to the increase of the pressure and the dead weight of the grout, a new grouting space is formed, the detected grouting pressure value shows fluctuation type change, the pressure distribution and the change condition of each grouting hole 3 are continuously recorded and filed, and the change rule of the pressure in the grout flowing is simulated in the grouting process by analyzing the collected pressure change condition of the grouting holes 3; because the slurry is filled for continuous water separation, the separated water continuously permeates through the filter cloth and is absorbed by the simulation isolating layer, the slurry in the isolatable layer is continuously separated from water and consolidated into slurry, and the thickness of the slurry is continuously increased in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction along with the continuous grouting;
in the grouting process, the non-contact strain measurement camera 27 is used for continuously shooting and recording, the grouting space is continuously reduced along with the increase of the volume of injected slurry, and the grouting pressure is continuously increased at the moment; after the injected grout is filled in the simulated separation layer, the grouting is continuously carried out, the grout pressure at each position in the separation layer basically tends to be consistent, and the grouting pump 22 is used for constant-speed grouting, so that the grouting pressure is a constant value after the grouting flow is fixed, and the caving zone broken rock body simulation material 33 below the simulated separation layer is compressed under the action of self weight and the extrusion of the grout above under the joint influence of the grouting pressure and the self weight of the grout in the separation layer after the solid-fluid coupling similar material 32 of the simulated separation layer absorbs enough moisture; the grouting pressure value shows fluctuation type change, and the compaction amount information of the broken rock mass of the simulated collapse zone is measured through the change of the grouting pressure;
after the device is cleaned, the phenomenon that the device is repeatedly used due to the fact that slurry is piled up and similar simulation materials are solidified is prevented.
Key parameters such as slurry water-cement ratio, grouting flow and the like can be switched randomly as required, single-hole grouting experimental research of overlying rock isolation grouting filling can be developed, and simulation experiments under various working condition backgrounds such as porous grouting experimental research and porous sequential grouting experimental research can also be realized.
And (3) carrying out data analysis on the pressure distribution, the pressure change value and the compaction degree change value in the slurry diffusion process, monitoring that grouting is carried out at the initial stage of separation layer formation in the detection process, wherein the internal pressure of the cavity is zero, the compaction amount of the simulated collapse zone is 0, continuing grouting until the pressure is formed in the cavity, and gradually increasing the compaction amount of the simulated collapse zone along with the increase of the pressure, but the increase range is relatively slow. And (4) continuing grouting, wherein the grouting pressure at each grouting hole tends to be consistent, and the compaction amount of the simulated collapse belt reaches the compressibility limit of the material. The research on the plane flowing characteristics of the slurry in the separation space, the pressure distribution condition, the bleeding characteristics of the slurry, the difference of the compaction degree of the lower part of the separation layer at different positions and other scientific problems is realized.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a simulation device that overburden rock isolation slip casting fills thick liquid diffusion which characterized in that: the device comprises a simulation mining module, a grouting unit, a slurry pumping and flow stabilizing unit, a slurry multi-stage stirring and storing unit and a data monitoring and acquiring unit;
wherein the grouting unit comprises a transparent organic glass cavity (1) and a cover plate (7) which are matched with each other, a sealing gasket (4) used for sealing the periphery of the cover plate is arranged between the transparent organic glass cavity (1) and the cover plate (7), and is sealed by bolt fastening, concretely, an opening at the top of the transparent organic glass cavity (1) is provided with a circle of guide groove for accommodating the sealing gaskets (4) around the cover plate, the sealing gaskets (4) around the cover plate are arranged in the guide groove, the transparent organic glass cavity (1) and the cover plate (7) are provided with a circle of threaded holes (2) at intervals outside the guide groove, a bolt (6) is arranged in the threaded hole (2), the bolt is provided with the sealing gaskets (5), the cover plate (7) is provided with a plurality of grouting holes (3) at equal intervals along the central line, a grouting pipeline with a corresponding size is arranged in each grouting hole (3), and a thread matched with the storage type pressure gauge is arranged at the end of the grouting pipeline;
the simulation mining module comprises a crawler belt (8), rolling shafts (9), a base (10), a remote control electric control winch (11), a traction chain (12) and a pulley block (13), wherein the base (10) is a rectangular cavity matched with the transparent organic glass cavity (1) in size, the remote control electric control winch (11) and the pulley block (13) are arranged at the bottom of the base (10), a plurality of rolling shafts (9) are arranged at an upper opening of the base (10) in parallel, the crawler belt (8) is arranged on the plurality of rolling shafts (9), the crawler belt (8) is connected with the pulley block (13) through the traction chain (12), and the pulley block (13) is connected with the remote control electric control winch (11); when the mining simulation device is used, the whole simulation mining module is fixed in the transparent organic glass cavity (1) by the base (10), the traction chain (12) is driven by controlling the remote control electric control winch (11) to drive the crawler belt (8) to move on the rolling shaft (9), and the process that the horizontal movement of the crawler belt (8) simulates the mining of a working face and forms a goaf is realized;
the multistage stirring and slurry storage unit comprises a fixed support (14), a fixed support top interface (21) and a fixed support lower interface (20) are respectively arranged above and below the fixed support (14), a cooling tank (18) is arranged on the fixed support lower interface, a slurry making barrel (17) is arranged in the cooling tank (18), a sleeve clamp (24) is arranged in the slurry making barrel (17), a stirrer (15) extending into the slurry making barrel (17) is arranged on the fixed support top interface (21), the stirrer (15) is connected with a stirrer speed regulating box (16) through a line, a ball valve (19) is arranged below the side edge of the cooling tank (18), the fly ash slurry is extremely easy to be separated out and deposited under a standing state, so that the concentration difference of injected slurry is large in an experiment, therefore, multistage stirring equipment can provide continuous stirring work for the prepared slurry in the experiment process, and in the experiment, the slurry needs to be prepared and guided into the slurry making barrel (17) for many, at this time, in order to ensure the consistency of the concentration of the new and old slurry and prevent the precipitation of the slurry, the stirring speed is changed by adjusting the speed regulating box (16) of the stirrer, and the slurry is always in a stirring state.
The slurry pumping and flow stabilizing unit comprises a peristaltic pump (22), the peristaltic pump (22) is fixed on a top interface (21) of the fixed support, a slurry inlet of the peristaltic pump (22) extends into the slurry making barrel (17) through a pipeline and is fixedly connected with a sleeve clamp (24), a slurry outlet of the peristaltic pump (22) is connected with the slurry injecting unit through a three-way valve (29) and a slurry injecting pipeline (23), and a slurry storage device (25) is arranged on the slurry injecting pipeline (23);
the data monitoring and acquisition unit comprises a video camera (26), a non-contact strain measurement camera (27) and a plurality of storage type pressure gauges (28), wherein the video camera (26) is arranged at a position right above the grouting unit and used for shooting video information of flowing slurry, the storage type pressure gauges (28) are arranged on the grouting pipeline (23) and the cover plate (7) and used for acquiring the pressure at each position of the grouting pipeline (23) and the cover plate (7), the storage type pressure gauges (28) are connected to the data acquisition unit through data lines, and data processing software in the data acquisition unit automatically records the change situation of the internal pressure of the device measured in an experiment in real time and automatically generates a pressure data curve; the non-contact strain measurement camera (27) is arranged at a position right facing the grouting unit and used for monitoring the strain condition of each position in the grouting process, and the video camera (26), the non-contact strain measurement camera (27) and the plurality of storage type pressure gauges (28) are connected with the data acquisition device (30) through data lines (31).
2. The overburden isolation grouting and grout diffusion simulation device of claim 1, wherein: uniformly paving a layer of caving zone crushed rock body simulation material (33) above a mining module in a transparent organic glass cavity (1), flattening, paving a layer of solid-fluid coupling similar material (32) between the caving zone crushed rock body simulation material (33) and a cover plate (7), and standing for 24 hours to obtain the artificial rock; the simulation caving zone crushed rock mass material (33) is sawdust or light soft foam; the main body of the solid-current coupling similar material (32) is sponge, the upper part of the sponge is provided with an industrial filter cloth whole layer covering, the lower part of the sponge is adhered with a waterproof film adhesive and the sponge to form an isolation layer which is contacted with the slurry, the isolation layer is of a whole layer structure and is directly paved above the fractured rock mass simulation material (33) of the caving zone, water separated out from the slurry freely permeates through the filter cloth and is stored in the sponge, and if the sponge reaches a limit water storage state and can not retain water any more, the waterproof film plays a water-proof role and prevents water from permeating into the fractured rock mass simulation material (33) of the caving zone.
3. The overburden isolation grouting and grout diffusion simulation device of claim 1, wherein: transparent scales vertical to the bottom are arranged around the transparent organic glass cavity (1) at equal intervals.
4. The overburden isolation grouting and grout diffusion simulation device of claim 1, wherein: the position of the video camera (26) is adjusted to a position capable of shooting the whole situation of a grouting experiment, the non-contact strain measurement camera (27) is opposite to and can clearly shoot the dynamic change position of the fractured rock mass in the caving zone simulated by the material (33) simulating the fractured rock mass in the caving zone in the grouting unit, and the video camera can be arranged at any position needing direct video detection according to needs.
5. A simulation method using the device for simulating the diffusion of the overburden isolation grouting filling slurry according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing fly ash and water according to a proportion required by an experiment to prepare simulated slurry, adding a tracer into the simulated slurry, injecting the simulated slurry into a separation layer formed in a transparent organic glass cavity (1) from a grouting hole (3) of a cover plate (7), recording the whole diffusion process of the simulated slurry in the separation layer by using a camera (26), and analyzing the planar flowing form of the simulated slurry in a video to obtain the diffusion rule of the simulated slurry;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, a simulation mining module is installed and is placed at the bottom of a transparent organic glass cavity (1); uniformly paving the caving zone crushed rock mass simulation material (33) with equal thickness above the simulation mining module; then uniformly paving solid-fluid coupling similar materials (32) with equal thickness above the broken rock mass simulation material (33) of the caving zone, and determining the simulated initial fracture opening degree by the thickness of the paved solid-fluid coupling similar materials (32); a injectable space is left between the upper surface of the solid-fluid coupling similar material (32) and the cover plate (7);
the cover plate (7) is covered above the transparent organic glass cavity (1), the sealing gaskets around the cover plate are matched with the guide grooves, and the air tightness between the cavity cover plate (7) and the interior of the transparent organic glass cavity (1) is ensured by connecting bolts and nuts;
continuously grouting the grouting unit through a plurality of grouting holes (3) in the cover plate (7) until the whole reserved injectable space is filled with grout, starting to control the mining module to carry out simulated working face extraction when a storage type pressure gauge (28) records pressure data, and then continuously working the mining module in the grouting process until grouting is finished, wherein the fractured rock mass simulation material (33) of the caving zone is bent and fractured under the influence of mining;
in the grouting process, the whole process of diffusion of the grout added with the tracer in the separation layer is recorded through a camera (26), the pressure of each grouting hole (3) is continuously recorded through a plurality of storage type pressure gauges (28), data of pressure distribution and frame conditions are obtained through analysis, the grout injected through the grouting holes (3) in the grouting process is subjected to planar diffusion by taking the grouting holes as circle centers, the flow speed of the grout is continuously reduced in the flowing process, and the pressures of the grout reacted at all positions in the separation layer are different by utilizing the flowing characteristics of the grouting pressure to react the grout;
the upper part of an isolation layer formed by solid-fluid coupling similar materials (32) is not completely contacted with a cover plate (7), a rectangular grouting space is reserved, grouting is continued after the preset grouting space is filled with injected grout, the pressure of the grout at each position in a separation layer basically tends to be consistent, the flowing of the grout under the condition is not obvious, due to the increase of the pressure and the self-weight influence of the grout, the simulated isolation layer formed by the solid-fluid coupling similar materials (32) is continuously pressed downwards by the grout while being deformed, a new grouting space is formed, the detected grouting pressure value shows fluctuation type change, the pressure distribution and change conditions of each grouting hole (3) are continuously recorded and filed, and the change condition of the pressure in the grouting hole (3) is analyzed, so that the change rule of the pressure in the grouting process in the simulated grout flow is obtained; because the slurry is filled for continuous water separation, the separated water continuously permeates through the filter cloth and is absorbed by the simulation isolating layer, the slurry in the isolatable layer is continuously separated from water and consolidated into slurry, and the thickness of the slurry is continuously increased in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction along with the continuous grouting;
in the grouting process, a non-contact strain measurement camera (27) is used for continuously photographing and recording, the grouting space is continuously reduced along with the increase of the volume of injected slurry, and the grouting pressure is continuously increased at the moment; after the simulated separation layer is filled with injected grout, pressurization grouting is continued, the grout pressure at each position in the separation layer basically tends to be consistent, and as the grouting pump (22) performs grouting at a constant speed, the grouting pressure is constant after the grouting flow is fixed, and the grouting pressure in the separation layer and the self weight of the grout jointly influence each other, the caving zone broken rock simulation material (33) below the simulation isolation layer is compressed under the action of the self weight and the extrusion of the grout above under the action of the self weight after the solid-fluid coupling similar material (32) of the simulation isolation layer absorbs moisture; the grouting pressure value shows fluctuation type change, and the compaction amount information of the broken rock mass of the simulated collapse zone is measured through the change of the grouting pressure;
after the device is cleaned, the phenomenon that the device is repeatedly used due to the fact that slurry is piled up and similar simulation materials are solidified is prevented.
6. The method for simulating the diffusion of overlying strata isolation grouting filling grout as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: key parameters such as slurry water-cement ratio, grouting flow and the like can be switched randomly as required, single-hole grouting research of overlying rock isolation grouting filling can be developed, and simulation work under a plurality of different working condition backgrounds of porous grouting research and porous sequential grouting research can be realized.
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Application publication date: 20201211 |