CN112067473A - Experimental method for die steel forging and cooling control process - Google Patents
Experimental method for die steel forging and cooling control process Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 33
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001417935 Platycephalidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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Abstract
The invention provides and discloses an experimental method for a die steel forging and cooling control process, which is used for carrying out forging and cooling control experiments on die steel by utilizing a designed special concave head and flat head stainless steel die on a thermal simulation testing machine. The die steel material to be tested is placed in a die, a compression test is carried out in a simulation actual forging production process under a certain deformation process and a certain cooling system, controlled forging and controlled cooling are carried out on the die steel material, and corresponding post-forging structure and performance are obtained. The experimental method has the advantages of convenient operation, simple die structure, accurate control of deformation and cooling parameters, easy control of deformation heating temperature, accordance with actual conditions of the forging production process and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and mainly relates to an experimental method for a die steel forging and cooling control process.
Background
Forging is used as a main forming mode of die steel materials, and the product quality is influenced by a plurality of factors such as heating temperature and heat preservation time before forging, initial forging temperature and final forging temperature, deformation amount and deformation rate, cooling rate and the like. The die steel material has high alloy content, large deformation resistance and poor thermoplasticity, is limited by equipment capability, the controlled forging and controlled cooling in the conventional forging process are not easy to realize, and certain large deformation can not be used in the conventional forging or can not be achieved in the conventional forging, so that good structure and performance can not be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental method for the forging and cooling control process of die steel, which can simulate the actual forging process, realize the accurate control of temperature, deformation rate and cooling rate, obtain the microstructure after forging and excellent mechanical properties which cannot be obtained by conventional forging, and provide a guiding function for scientific research and production technology improvement.
The experimental method for the forging and cooling control process of the die steel comprises the following steps:
and placing a cylindrical sample of the die steel material to be tested in a compression die, and performing a compression deformation test of controlled forging and controlled cooling through a thermal simulation testing machine. The compression mold used included a pair of truncated cylindrical stainless steel molds and a pair of re-entrant cylindrical stainless steel molds. The working end of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mould is a plane of a cylinder, the working end of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mould is a plane of a cylinder, and a circular arc-shaped concave surface is arranged in the middle of the working end of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mould.
Specifically, the forging and cooling control compression deformation experiment comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a die steel material by adopting a certain smelting method, and measuring the austenitizing temperature of the die steel material;
(2) processing the die steel material into a die steel material cylindrical sample;
(3) fixing the pair of truncated cylinder stainless steel molds in the chuck of the thermal simulation test machine, placing the cylindrical sample between the pair of truncated cylinder stainless steel molds, and enabling two end planes of the cylindrical sample to be in contact with the working end plane of the truncated cylinder stainless steel molds; monitoring the temperature of the cylindrical sample by using temperature measuring equipment such as a thermocouple and the like, performing a compression experiment on the cylindrical sample according to set deformation temperature, deformation and deformation rate, immediately placing the cylindrical sample in water for quenching after the compression experiment, and keeping a high-temperature deformation tissue;
(4) replacing a flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold with the pair of concave-head cylindrical stainless steel molds, rotating the compressed cylindrical sample by 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction and placing the compressed cylindrical sample between the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel molds, wherein the compressed cylindrical sample is in a round drum shape, bulge appears on the side surface, the plane where the circular arc of the working end of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mold is parallel to the planes of the two ends of the compressed cylindrical sample, the outer end of the bulge of the compressed cylindrical sample is fully contacted with the circular arc concave surface of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mold, performing a secondary compression experiment on the cylindrical sample according to the set heat preservation time, deformation temperature, deformation and deformation rate to ensure that the cylindrical sample is pulled out along the axial direction, preferably, rotating the cylindrical sample by a certain angle along the axial direction, and performing secondary compression according to the set heat preservation time, deformation temperature, deformation and deformation rate, repeating the axial rotation-compression process according to the set times; and cooling to room temperature at a set cooling rate after deformation.
The arc radius of the arc-shaped concave surface of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel die is 1-1.2 times of the radius of the outer end of the projection of the cylindrical sample after the compression experiment in the step (3), and the arc central angle of the arc-shaped concave surface of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel die is 120-150 degrees.
Preferably, the method for monitoring the temperature of the cylindrical sample in the step (3) is as follows: two thermocouple wires are welded in the middle of the side face of the cylindrical sample during the compression experiment, and the other end of each thermocouple wire is connected with a thermal simulation testing machine to monitor the temperature of the cylindrical sample.
In the step (1), the function of measuring the austenitizing temperature is as follows: providing a theoretical reference for the setting of the deformation temperature of the steps (3) and (4). On one hand, after the deformation temperature is higher than the austenitizing temperature, the structure is completely transformed into austenite, the plastic deformation capacity of the austenite phase is optimal, and the austenite phase can bear larger deformation, so that the deformation temperature set in the application is generally higher than the austenitizing temperature. On the other hand, deformation at the austenitizing temperature belongs to the warm forging category, more defects such as dislocation and the like are introduced into the structure, and the forming energy of recrystallized grains is increased.
And (3) and (4) simulating the upsetting and drawing-out processes in the actual forging of the die steel, wherein after the primary upsetting in the step (3), the cylindrical sample has bulging and protruding on the side edge. Because the thermal simulation testing machine heats the cylindrical sample by the contact of the compression mold and the cylindrical sample, the two end planes of the cylindrical sample are contacted with the working end plane of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in the step (3), the contact is sufficient, and the heating condition is good. After one-time upsetting, bulging and protruding are formed on the side edge of the cylindrical sample, and if a flat-head die is still adopted, the plane of the working end of the flat-head die is close to tangency with the protruding portion of the cylindrical sample, so that the contact area is small. In the actual forging production process of die steel, because the forging piece is usually large in size and slow in heat dissipation, the proper heating deformation temperature can be ensured; and in the analogue test on the thermal simulation testing machine, the cylinder sample is less, and the heat dissipation is very fast relatively, if the work end of mould and cylinder sample area of contact are too little then can't guarantee the bulk temperature of cylinder sample, and the control to cylinder sample deformation temperature is very big, also does not accord with forged actual conditions. Therefore in the compression experiment process after and for the second time, this application adopts concave head cylinder stainless steel mould, and the convex concave surface of working end can form good contact or be close with the bulging arch that forms after the compression of cylinder sample for the first time, is favorable to the accuse temperature of heating and cylinder sample, more accords with the actual forging process of mould steel.
The cylindrical sample in the application is subjected to one-time upsetting, is rotated for 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction and then is subjected to one-time or multiple-time axial rotation-compression mode to simulate the drawing process in actual forging, and the condition in the actual forging process is met.
The beneficial effect of this application: the forging process is simulated by using the thermal simulation testing machine, and compared with the actual forging process, the control on parameters such as deformation, deformation rate, deformation temperature, cooling rate and the like is easier to realize, and the purpose of controlling forging and cooling of the die steel material is realized. The two groups of compression dies with the flat heads and the concave heads are adopted, so that the forging process in actual production can be better simulated, parameters such as deformation, deformation rate and the like which cannot be achieved or cannot be used in actual production can be used for testing on a thermal simulation testing machine, good forged microstructures and good mechanical properties can be formed, and a guiding effect is provided for scientific research and production processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a compression mold and a cylindrical sample placement configuration designed according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic microstructure of H13 steel obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic microstructure of H13 steel obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microscopic microstructure of Cr8Mo2SiV steel obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microscopic microstructure of Cr8Mo2SiV steel obtained in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a microscopic microstructure of 3Cr2MnNiMo steel obtained in example 5 of the present invention, (a)750 ℃, (b)850 ℃, (c)950 ℃, (d)1050 ℃;
FIG. 7 shows the microstructure of 3Cr2MnNiMo steel obtained in example 6 of the present invention, (a) 20%, (b) 40%, (c) 80%. Reference numerals: : the method comprises the following steps: 1-cylindrical sample, 2-compression mould, 3-test machine chuck, 4-flat head cylindrical stainless steel mould and cylindrical sample placing mode, and 5-concave head cylindrical stainless steel mould and cylindrical sample placing mode.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples will allow one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
In the embodiment, the size of the cylindrical sample is phi 8 multiplied by 15mm, the compression deformation is 50% during upsetting, the diameter of the outer end of the upset is 13mm, the circular arc radius of the concave head cylindrical stainless steel die is set to be 6.8mm, and the central angle of the circular arc is 120 degrees.
Example 1
The compression mold and the cylindrical sample placing mode used in this example are shown in fig. 1, and the forging and cooling control test method described in this example: the die steel to be researched is placed in the middle of a compression die, and a thermal simulation testing machine is used for carrying out controlled forging and controlled cooling experiments on the metal cylindrical sample. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the H13 hot work die steel material is prepared by a certain smelting method, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.40% of C, 0.89% of Si, 0.42% of Mn, 1.01% of V, 5.15% of Cr and 1.74% of Mo;
(2) processing the cylindrical sample of the die steel material in the step (1);
(3) placing a flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in a chuck of a testing machine, clamping a cylindrical sample between a pair of flat-head cylindrical stainless steel molds, welding a thermocouple on the side surface of the cylindrical sample to monitor the temperature of the cylindrical sample, setting the deformation temperature of 1050 ℃ and the deformation rate of 1s, wherein the placement mode is as shown in figure 1-1Upsetting the cylindrical sample, immediately taking down the upset cylindrical sample, quenching the upset cylindrical sample in water, and reserving a high-temperature deformation structure;
(4) and (3) fixing the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in the chuck of the testing machine instead of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold, rotating the thickened cylindrical sample by 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction, and compressing the cylindrical sample to be contacted with the concave-head circular mold along the outer end of the bulge, as shown in figure 1. Set deformation temperature 1050 ℃ and deformation rate 1s-1And the deformation is 80%, the side surface of the cylindrical sample is compressed, the cylindrical sample is axially drawn out once, and the cylindrical sample is immediately taken down and placed in water to be quenched after being drawn out to keep a high-temperature deformation tissue.
The microstructure of the deformed cylindrical sample of H13 steel is shown in FIG. 2, and it is completely recrystallized, the grain size is 35 μm, the grain is obviously refined, and the micro Vickers hardness is 582.5 HV.
Example 2
The compression mold and the cylindrical sample placement method used in this example were the same as in example 1. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the H13 hot work die steel material is prepared by a certain smelting method, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.40% of C, 0.89% of Si, 0.42% of Mn, 1.01% of V, 5.15% of Cr and 1.74% of Mo;
(2) processing the cylindrical sample of the die steel material in the step (1);
(3) placing a flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in a chuck of a testing machine, clamping a cylindrical sample between a pair of flat-head cylindrical stainless steel molds, welding a thermocouple on the side surface of the cylindrical sample to monitor the temperature of the cylindrical sample in a manner of placing the cylindrical sample in a mode shown in figure 1, wherein the set deformation temperature is 1050 ℃, and the deformation rate is 1s-1The deformation is 50%, and the cylindrical sample after upsetting is immediately taken down and placed in water for quenching to reserve a high-temperature deformation structure;
(4) fixing the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in the chuck of the testing machine instead of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold, rotating the thickened cylindrical sample by 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction, and contacting the compressed cylindrical sample with the concave-head cylindrical mold along the outer end of the bulge, wherein the set deformation temperature is 1050 ℃ and the deformation rate is 1s, as shown in figure 1-1And the deformation is 60%, the side surface of the cylindrical sample is compressed, the cylindrical sample is axially drawn out, and the cylindrical sample is cooled to room temperature at a cooling rate of 30 ℃/s after being drawn out.
As shown in FIG. 3, the microstructure of the deformed cylindrical sample of H13 steel has fine recrystallized grains with a grain size of 55 μm and a micro Vickers hardness of 535HV, and a part of unrecrystallized area exists in the structure, so that the cracking tendency of the cylindrical sample is reduced.
Example 3
The compression mold and the cylindrical sample placement method used in this example were the same as in example 1. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the Cr8Mo2SiV cold-work die steel material is prepared by a certain smelting method and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.98% of C, 1.02% of Si, 0.42% of Mn, 2.1% of Mo, 8.01% of Cr and 0.32% of V;
(2) processing the cylindrical sample of the die steel material in the step (1);
(3) placing a flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in a chuck of a testing machine, clamping a cylindrical sample between a pair of flat-head cylindrical stainless steel molds, welding a thermocouple on the side surface of the cylindrical sample to monitor the temperature of the cylindrical sample, and setting a deformation temperatureDegree 1100 deg.C, deformation rate 1s-1The deformation is 50 percent, the cylindrical sample is subjected to compression upsetting, and the cylindrical sample is immediately taken down after upsetting and placed in water for quenching to reserve a high-temperature deformation tissue;
(4) fixing the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in the chuck of the testing machine instead of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold, rotating the thickened cylindrical sample by 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction, and contacting the compressed cylindrical sample with the concave-head cylindrical mold along the outer end of the bulge, wherein the deformation temperature is 1050 ℃ and the deformation rate is 1s as shown in figure 1-1The deformation is 30%, and the cylindrical sample is compressed for the second time, namely the cylindrical sample is axially drawn out for the first time; then the cylindrical sample is rotated 90 degrees along the axial direction, the deformation temperature is set to be 1000 ℃, and the deformation rate is set to be 1s-1And the deformation is 30%, the cylindrical sample is axially elongated for the second time, and the deformed cylindrical sample is placed in water for quenching to reserve a high-temperature deformation tissue.
The microstructure of the deformed cylindrical sample of the Cr8Mo2SiV steel is shown in FIG. 4, the crushing degree of large-size eutectic carbides after secondary drawing is obviously improved, and the number of the granular secondary carbides separated after dissolution is increased and the distribution is more dispersed. The microscopic vickers hardness value of the cylindrical sample was 486.4 HV.
Example 4
The compression mold and the cylindrical sample placement method used in this example were the same as in example 1. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the Cr8Mo2SiV cold-work die steel is prepared by a certain smelting method and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.98% of C, 1.02% of Si, 0.42% of Mn, 2.1% of Mo, 8.01% of Cr and 0.32% of V;
(2) processing the cylindrical sample of the die steel material in the step (1);
(3) placing a flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in a chuck of a testing machine, clamping a cylindrical sample between a pair of flat-head cylindrical stainless steel molds, welding a thermocouple on the side surface of the cylindrical sample to monitor the temperature of the cylindrical sample, setting the deformation temperature to be 1100 ℃ and the deformation rate to be 1s, wherein the placement mode is as shown in figure 1-1Upsetting the cylindrical sample, immediately taking down the upset cylindrical sample, quenching the upset cylindrical sample in water, and reserving a high-temperature deformation structure;
(4) fixing the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in the chuck of the testing machine instead of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold, rotating the thickened cylindrical sample by 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction, and contacting the compressed cylindrical sample with the concave-head cylindrical mold along the outer end of the bulge, wherein the deformation temperature is 1100 ℃ and the deformation rate is 5s as shown in figure 1-1And the deformation is 50%, the side surface of the cylindrical sample is compressed, the cylindrical sample is drawn out along the axial direction, and the deformed cylindrical sample is placed in water for quenching to reserve a high-temperature deformation tissue.
The microstructure of the deformed cylindrical sample of the Cr8Mo2SiV steel is shown in figure 5, the micro Vickers hardness of the cylindrical sample is 543.6HV, distorted austenite grains are taken as the main parts in the deformed structure, the austenite grains are elongated along the elongation direction, the distortion energy in the structure is increased, a substructure with high dislocation density exists, and a sufficient nucleation point is provided for recrystallization.
Example 5
The compression mold and the cylindrical sample placement method used in this example were the same as in example 1. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the 3Cr2MnNiMo plastic die steel is prepared by a certain smelting method and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.36 percent of C, 0.20 percent of Si, 1.50 percent of Mn, 0.40 percent of Mo and 0.98 percent of Ni;
(2) processing the cylindrical sample of the die steel material in the step (1);
(3) placing a flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in a chuck of a testing machine, clamping a cylindrical sample between a pair of flat-head cylindrical stainless steel molds, welding a thermocouple on the side surface of the cylindrical sample to monitor the temperature of the cylindrical sample, setting the deformation temperature of 1050 ℃ and the deformation rate of 1s, wherein the placement mode is as shown in figure 1-1Upsetting the cylindrical sample, immediately taking down the upset cylindrical sample, quenching the upset cylindrical sample in water to reserve a high-temperature deformation tissue, and preparing 4 pier-upset cylindrical samples;
(4) fixing the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in the chuck of the testing machine instead of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold, rotating the thickened cylindrical sample by 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction, and contacting the compressed cylindrical sample with the concave-head circular mold along the outer end of the bulge, as shown in figure 1, 4 circular moldsThe column sample is set to have deformation temperatures of 750 deg.C, 850 deg.C, 950 deg.C, 1050 deg.C, and deformation rate of 1s-1And the deformation amount is 60%, the side surface of the cylindrical sample is compressed, the cylindrical sample is pulled out along the axial direction, and the deformed cylindrical sample is placed in water for quenching to reserve a high-temperature deformation tissue.
As shown in FIG. 6, the microstructure of the 3Cr2MnNiMo steel after deformation was most uniform at a deformation temperature of 750 ℃, the micro Vickers hardnesses of the samples at 750 ℃, 850 ℃, 950 ℃ and 1050 ℃ were 638HV, 672HV, 678HV and 681HV, and the crystal grain sizes were 35 μm, 47 μm, 52 μm and 60 μm, respectively. The deformation temperature is 750 ℃ in an alpha + gamma two-phase region temperature range, the true stress in the deformation process reaches 450MPa, more dislocations are introduced in the deformation process, and a large number of nucleation positions are provided for recrystallization, so that the dynamic recrystallization process is promoted, the dislocation density in the deformed tissue is reduced, and the recrystallization degree is high.
Example 6
The compression mold and the cylindrical sample placement method used in this example were the same as in example 1. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the 3Cr2MnNiMo plastic die steel is prepared by a certain smelting method and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.36 percent of C, 0.20 percent of Si, 1.50 percent of Mn, 0.40 percent of Mo and 0.98 percent of Ni;
(2) processing the cylindrical sample of the die steel material in the step (1);
(3) placing a flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in a chuck of a testing machine, clamping a cylindrical sample between a pair of flat-head cylindrical stainless steel molds, welding a thermocouple on the side surface of the cylindrical sample to monitor the temperature of the cylindrical sample, setting the deformation temperature of 1050 ℃ and the deformation rate of 1s, wherein the placement mode is as shown in figure 1-1Upsetting the cylindrical sample, immediately taking down the upset cylindrical sample, quenching the upset cylindrical sample in water to reserve a high-temperature deformation tissue, and preparing 3 pier-upset cylindrical samples;
(4) fixing the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mold in the chuck of the testing machine instead of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mold, rotating the thickened cylindrical sample by 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction, and compressing the cylindrical sample to contact with the concave-head cylindrical mold along the outer end of the bulge, as shown in figure 1The deformation temperature is 1050 ℃ and the deformation rate is 1s-1Three pier thick cylindrical samples are drawn out by deformation of 20%, 40% and 80%, and the deformed samples are placed in water for quenching to reserve high-temperature deformation tissues.
The structure of the deformed sample of the 3Cr2MnNiMo steel is shown in FIG. 7, carbide particles are dispersed on martensite of a matrix structure, the content of the carbide particles is the highest when the deformation is 40%, the grain size is 55 μm, and the micro Vickers hardness is 680 HV.
Claims (7)
1. An experimental method for a die steel controlled forging and cooling process is characterized in that a cylindrical sample of die steel material to be researched is placed in a compression die, and a thermal simulation testing machine is used for carrying out controlled forging and cooling experiments on the cylindrical sample; the compression mold comprises: a pair of flat-head cylindrical stainless steel molds and a pair of concave-head cylindrical stainless steel molds; the working end of the flat-head cylindrical stainless steel mould is a plane of a cylinder, the working end of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mould is a plane of a cylinder, and a circular arc-shaped concave surface is arranged in the middle of the working end of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel mould.
2. The experimental method for the die steel controlled forging and cooling process according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a die steel material by adopting a certain smelting method, and measuring the austenitizing temperature of the die steel material;
(2) processing the die steel material into a die steel material cylindrical sample;
(3) fixing the pair of truncated cylinder stainless steel molds in the chuck of the thermal simulation test machine, placing the cylindrical sample between the pair of truncated cylinder stainless steel molds, and enabling two end planes of the cylindrical sample to be in contact with the working end plane of the truncated cylinder stainless steel molds; monitoring the temperature of the cylindrical sample, performing a compression experiment on the cylindrical sample according to set deformation temperature, deformation and deformation rate, immediately placing the cylindrical sample in water for quenching after the compression experiment, and keeping a high-temperature deformation tissue;
(4) replacing a flat-head cylinder stainless steel mold with the pair of concave-head cylinder stainless steel molds, rotating the compressed cylinder sample by 90 degrees along the vertical radial direction, placing the compressed cylinder sample between the concave-head cylinder stainless steel molds, enabling a plane where a working end arc of the concave-head cylinder stainless steel mold is located to be parallel to two end planes of the cylinder sample, enabling the compressed cylinder sample to be in full contact with an arc concave surface of the concave-head cylinder stainless steel mold along the outer end of the bulge, performing a secondary compression experiment on the compressed cylinder sample according to set heat preservation time, deformation temperature, deformation and deformation rate, and cooling the compressed cylinder sample to room temperature at the set cooling rate after deformation;
the arc radius of the arc-shaped concave surface of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel die is 1-1.2 times of the radius of the outer end of the projection of the cylindrical sample after the compression experiment in the step (3), and the arc central angle of the arc-shaped concave surface of the concave-head cylindrical stainless steel die is 120-150 degrees.
3. The experimental method for the die steel forging-controlling and cooling-controlling process according to claim 2, wherein after the secondary compression experiment in the step (4), the cylindrical sample is rotated by a certain angle in the axial direction, and is compressed again according to the set holding time, deformation temperature, deformation amount and deformation rate, the axial rotation-compression process is repeated for a set number of times, and the step of cooling to room temperature at a set cooling rate after the deformation in the step (4) is continued.
4. The experimental method for the die steel controlled forging and cooling process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for monitoring the temperature of the cylindrical sample in the step (3) is as follows: when the cylindrical sample is tested, two thermocouple wires are welded in the middle of the side face of the cylindrical sample, and the other end of each thermocouple wire is connected with a thermal simulation testing machine to monitor the temperature of the cylindrical sample.
5. The experimental method in the die steel forging-control and cooling-control process according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the die steel material is H13 hot work die steel, the deformation temperature in the step (4) is 1000-1050 ℃, the deformation amount is 45-85%, the cooling rate is greater than or equal to 30 ℃/s, the grain size of a cylindrical sample obtained after the step (4) is cooled to room temperature is 30-60 μm, and the micro Vickers hardness is within the range of 520HV-605 HV.
6. The experimental method for the forging and cooling control process of the die steel as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the die steel material is Cr8Mo2SiV cold-work die steel, the sample is subjected to one or more compression experiments in the step (4) to axially elongate the cylindrical sample, the deformation temperature of the one or more compression experiments is 1000-1100 ℃, and the deformation rate is 1-10s-1The deformation is 25% -60%; and (4) after the cylindrical sample is cooled to the room temperature, the obtained micro Vickers hardness value of the cylindrical sample is in the range of 440-590HV, and the granular secondary carbides dissolved in the structure of the cylindrical sample and then precipitated are distributed in a dispersion way.
7. The experimental method for the forging and cooling control process of the die steel according to the claim 2 or 3, wherein the die steel material is 3Cr2MnNiMo cold-work die steel, the deformation temperature in the step (4) is 700-1050 ℃, and the deformation rate is 1s-1The deformation is 20% -80%; and (4) cooling to room temperature to obtain a cylindrical sample with uniform tissue distribution, wherein the grain size of the cylindrical sample is 30-65 mu m, carbide particles are dispersed and separated out, and the micro Vickers hardness is in the range of 600-690 HV.
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