CN112063801B - Stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112063801B CN112063801B CN202010977767.5A CN202010977767A CN112063801B CN 112063801 B CN112063801 B CN 112063801B CN 202010977767 A CN202010977767 A CN 202010977767A CN 112063801 B CN112063801 B CN 112063801B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
- C21C7/0685—Decarburising of stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0087—Treatment of slags covering the steel bath, e.g. for separating slag from the molten metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The application provides stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preparing initial molten steel; injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace for refining to decarbonize the initial molten steel and generate a first slag and an intermediate molten steel; removing the first slag from the intermediate molten steel; and injecting the intermediate molten steel from which the first slag is removed into a VOD refining furnace; blowing oxygen into the VOD refining furnace to remove si from the intermediate molten steel and generate second molten slag and molten steel to be cast; calculating the si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel according to the second slag and the molten steel to be cast; adjusting the pH value of the intermediate molten steel according to the desilting amount so that the content of aluminum in the molten steel to be cast is not more than a preset value; the embodiment of the application provides stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, the purity of the stainless steel is higher, and the purpose of special products can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of stainless steel, in particular to stainless steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ultra-pure stainless steel can achieve the aim of producing the ultra-pure stainless steel by changing the composition and the content of inclusion components in common stainless steel water.
The technical process of common stainless steel production adjusts the level of inclusion on the quality control of stainless steel production products by means of the treatment process of a later-stage external refining part, and the purity of molten steel cannot meet the application of special products (such as injector needle tubes, photoelectrons and the like) because exogenous inclusions are increased continuously and endogenous inclusions generated in the metallurgical process cannot be effectively adsorbed and removed in the treatment process.
It should be noted that the above background description is only for the sake of clarity and complete description of the technical solutions of the present invention and for the understanding of those skilled in the art. Such solutions are not considered to be known to the person skilled in the art merely because they have been set forth in the background section of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the embodiment of the application provides the stainless steel and the preparation method thereof, the purity of the stainless steel is higher, and the purpose of special products can be met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme: a method of making stainless steel, comprising: preparing initial molten steel; injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace for refining so as to decarbonize the initial molten steel and generate first slag and intermediate molten steel; removing the first slag from the intermediate molten steel; and injecting the intermediate molten steel from which the first slag is removed into a VOD refining furnace; blowing oxygen into the VOD refining furnace to remove si of the intermediate molten steel and generate second molten slag and molten steel to be cast; calculating the si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel according to the second slag and the molten steel to be cast; and adjusting the pH value of the intermediate molten steel according to the desilting amount so that the content of aluminum in the molten steel to be cast is not more than a preset value.
As a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises: and casting the molten steel to be cast to generate a steel ingot.
As a preferred embodiment, the value of Al in the steel ingot is 10 ppm.
As a preferred embodiment, the step of blowing oxygen into the VOD refining furnace to desil the intermediate molten steel and generate a second slag and molten steel to be cast specifically comprises: blowing oxygen into the VOD refining furnace and controlling the temperature in the VOD refining furnace to perform desili on the intermediate molten steel and generate the second slag and the water to be cast.
As a preferred embodiment, the steps of preparing the initial molten steel specifically include: preparing the initial molten steel in an electric furnace or a converter; wherein the aluminum content in the manufacturing material of the electric furnace or the converter is lower than a preset value.
As a preferred embodiment, the step of injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace for refining to decarburize the initial molten steel and to generate a first slag and an intermediate molten steel includes: injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace through a ladle car for refining so as to decarbonize and reduce the initial molten steel and generate first slag and intermediate molten steel; wherein the content of aluminum in the manufacturing material of the buggy ladle is not more than a second predetermined value.
As a preferred embodiment, the step of calculating the si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel based on the second slag and the molten steel to be cast specifically comprises: obtaining a first content of Al in an oxide of a target metal in the intermediate molten steel; obtaining a second content of an oxide of the target metal in the second slag; and acquiring the Si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel according to the first content and the second content.
As a preferred embodiment, before the step of obtaining the first content of Al in the oxide of the target metal in the intermediate molten steel, the method further includes: and performing component analysis on the second slag to obtain metal elements forming the second slag, and taking one metal element as the target metal.
Stainless steel, which is prepared according to the stainless steel preparation method.
By means of the technical scheme, the stainless steel and the preparation method thereof can decarbonize initial molten steel through the AOD refining furnace and the VOD refining furnace and generate first molten slag and intermediate molten steel; removing Si of the intermediate molten steel to generate second molten slag and molten steel to be cast; adjusting the pH value of the intermediate molten steel by calculating the desilting amount of the intermediate molten steel so that the content of aluminum in the to-be-cast molten steel is not more than a preset value; thereby obviously reducing the aluminum content in the steel ingot, improving the purity of the stainless steel and meeting the application of special products. Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the purity of the stainless steel is higher, and the requirement of special products can be met.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for assisting the understanding of the present application, and are not particularly limited to the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the present application. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this application, may select various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the present application, depending on the particular situation. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing stainless steel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for manufacturing stainless steel according to the present embodiment includes: step S11: preparing initial molten steel; step S13: injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace for refining so as to decarbonize the initial molten steel and generate first slag and intermediate molten steel; step S15: removing the first slag from the intermediate molten steel; and injecting the intermediate molten steel from which the first slag is removed into a VOD refining furnace; step S17: blowing oxygen into the VOD refining furnace to remove si from the intermediate molten steel and generate second molten slag and molten steel to be cast; step S19: calculating the si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel according to the second slag and the molten steel to be cast; step S21: and adjusting the pH value of the intermediate molten steel according to the desili amount so as to enable the content of aluminum in the molten steel to be cast to be not more than a preset value.
According to the scheme, the stainless steel preparation method disclosed by the embodiment of the application can decarbonize initial molten steel through the AOD refining furnace and the VOD refining furnace and generate first molten slag and intermediate molten steel; removing Si of the intermediate molten steel to generate second molten slag and molten steel to be cast; adjusting the pH value of the intermediate molten steel by calculating the desilting amount of the intermediate molten steel so that the content of aluminum in the to-be-cast molten steel is not more than a preset value; thereby obviously reducing the aluminum content in the steel ingot, improving the purity of the stainless steel and meeting the application of special products.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, step S11: an initial molten steel is prepared. Further, step S11 is to prepare an initial molten steel, specifically including:
a charge with a low aluminium content (for example ferrochrome carbon) is first selected. The charge is then placed into an electric furnace or converter to prepare the initial molten steel. Wherein the aluminum content in the manufacturing material of the electric furnace or the converter is lower than a preset value. That is, the refractory material with extremely low aluminum content is used for manufacturing an electric furnace or a converter, so that the aluminum content in the stainless steel molten steel is not more than a first preset value. The preset value can be set according to actual needs. Thereby realizing the control of the aluminum content of the stainless steel molten steel by controlling the aluminum content in the manufacturing materials of the electric furnace or the converter; further reducing the aluminum content in the stainless steel from the source. The first predetermined value may be set according to actual conditions, and this application does not provide any provisions. Specifically, the charge is charged into an electric furnace or a converter to be melted, to carry out primary smelting in the electric furnace or the converter. The rough smelting comprises the process operations of oxygen blowing decarburization, pre-reduction, adjustment and grading.
In the present embodiment, step S13: the initial molten steel is poured into an AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) refining furnace for refining to decarburize the initial molten steel and to generate a first slag and an intermediate molten steel. Specifically, in an AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) refining furnace, Oxygen is blown into initial molten steel at normal atmospheric pressure, and inert gas (e.g., Argon Ar, nitrogen N) is blown into the initial molten steel 2 ) By reducing the partial pressure of CO, a pseudo vacuum is achieved, thereby reducing the carbon content to very low levels and inhibiting the oxidation of chromium in the steel. So that the initial molten steel is converted into intermediate molten steel and first molten slag by refining the initial molten steel in an AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) refining furnace.
In one embodiment, the step S13 of pouring the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace for refining to decarburize the initial molten steel and generate a first slag and an intermediate molten steel includes:
injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace through a ladle car for refining so as to decarbonize and reduce the initial molten steel and generate first slag and intermediate molten steel; wherein the aluminum content in the manufacturing material of the buggy ladle is not more than a second predetermined value. Namely, the ladle car is made of refractory material with extremely low aluminum content, so as to realize the control of the aluminum content of the manufacturing material of the ladle car; thereby avoiding the continuous increase of aluminum which is externally mixed in the intermediate molten steel and the initial molten steel, and reducing the source of the externally mixed impurities in the stainless steel mother liquor. The second predetermined value may be set according to actual conditions, and this application does not provide any provisions.
In the present embodiment, step S15: removing the first slag from the intermediate molten steel; and pouring the intermediate molten steel from which the first slag is removed into a VOD (vacuum oxygen decarburization) refining furnace. Specifically, a slag removal apparatus external to the AOD refining furnace may be employed to remove the first molten slag from the intermediate molten steel. Further, the intermediate molten steel is poured into a VOD (vacuum oxygen decarburization) refining furnace by a ladle car. Thereby can avoid the aluminium of exogenous inclusion constantly increasing through the control to the aluminium content of buggy ladle to reduce the source of the exogenous inclusion of stainless steel mother liquor.
In the present embodiment, step S17: oxygen is blown into a VOD (vacuum oxygen decarburization) refining furnace to perform desili on the intermediate molten steel and generate second molten slag and molten steel to be cast. Specifically, after the intermediate molten steel is poured into a VOD (vacuum oxygen decarburization) refining furnace, oxygen is blown into the VOD refining furnace and stirred under a vacuum condition; so that oxygen can react with the metal elements in the intermediate molten steel, and then the intermediate molten steel is desilt to generate second slag and molten steel to be cast. Stirring under vacuum conditions enables the secondary slag formed in the intermediate molten steel to float up for inclusion adsorption. For example, oxygen reacts with silicon in the intermediate molten steel to form silica. It is to be understood that oxygen is not limited to silicon dioxide produced by reaction with silicon in the intermediate molten steel, and may be aluminum oxide produced by reaction with another metal element (for example, aluminum).
In the present embodiment, step S19: and calculating the Si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel according to the second slag and the molten steel to be cast. The amount of Si removed may refer to a reduced Si content in the intermediate molten steel.
Further, step S19 calculates the si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel according to the second slag and the molten steel to be cast, and specifically includes:
step S191: obtaining a first content of Al in an oxide of a target element in the intermediate molten steel; wherein the target element is a metal element contained in the second slag. Because the second slag contains various metal oxides. For example, as shown in Table 1, the second slag contains CaO and SiO 2 、MnO、P 2 O 5 、MgO、Cr 2 O 3 Fe0, the metal oxide contained in the second slag is not limited to the one listed in table 1, and may be another one, and the present application does not intend to limit the present invention. The second Slag therefore contains various different components of the Slag component.
Step S193: a second content of an oxide of the target element in the second slag is obtained. In particular, the second content may be obtained by performing a compositional analysis on the second slag. The second content of alumina can be obtained, for example, by compositional analysis.
Step S195: and obtaining the desili amount of the stainless steel molten steel according to the first content and the second content. Specifically, the desili amount of the stainless steel molten steel can be obtained by a difference between a first content of aluminum in the stainless steel molten steel and a second content of aluminum oxide in the second slag.
Further, before the step S191 obtains the first content of Al in the oxide of the target metal in the intermediate molten steel, the method further includes:
and analyzing the components of the second slag to obtain metal elements forming the second slag, and taking one metal element as a target element. That is, the composition analysis of the second slag may be to select a metal element in the second slag as a target element. Further, the target element is aluminum. Of course, the target element is not limited to aluminum, and may be other metal elements, such as silicon, etc., and the present application does not limit the target element. Therefore, after silicon is selected as a target element, the first content of silicon in the intermediate molten steel can be obtained by performing component analysis on the intermediate molten steel; the second content of silica is then obtained by performing a compositional analysis on the second slag. And finally, obtaining the desili amount of the intermediate molten steel through the difference between the first content of silicon and the second content of silicon dioxide.
In the present embodiment, step S21: and adjusting the pH value of the intermediate molten steel Slag according to the desil amount so that the content of aluminum in the molten steel to be cast is not more than a preset value. Therefore, the content of aluminum in the molten steel to be cast can be reduced by adjusting the pH value of the intermediate molten steel Slag and carrying out vacuum deoxidation, and the purity of the molten steel to be cast is further improved.
Further, table 1 shows the contents of various oxides in the second slag according to the embodiment of the present application.
| Composition (I) | CaO | SiO2 | MnO | P2O5 | S | Al2O3 | MgO | Cr2O3 | Fe0 |
| VOD1 | 53.87 | 33.36 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 2.763 | 6.08 | 0.05 | 0.15 |
| VOD2 | 52.359 | 31.408 | 0.849 | 0.013 | 0.051 | 1.243 | 6.944 | 0.854 | 0.236 |
| VOD3 | 57.33 | 33.09 | 0.853 | 0.068 | 0.079 | 1.082 | 6.373 | 0.71 | 0.30 |
TABLE 1
In one embodiment, the method of preparing stainless steel of the embodiments of the present application further includes:
step S23: and casting the molten steel to be cast to generate a steel ingot. Further, the value of Al in the steel ingot was 10 ppm.
Further, table 2 shows the content of aluminum in the stainless steel according to the embodiment of the present application at different stages. As can be seen from Table 2, the amount of aluminum after the first AOD refining was 16 ppm; then the amount of the AOD refined and the VOD refined is 6 ppm; and the content of the cast product is 1 ppm. The content of aluminum after the second AOD refining is 3 ppm; then the amount of the AOD refined and the VOD refined is 11 ppm; 6ppm after casting. The content of aluminum after the third AOD refining is 6 ppm; then the amount of the AOD refined and the VOD refined is 3 ppm; 3ppm after casting. Therefore, the content of aluminum in the stainless steel molten steel after AOD refining, VOD refining and pouring can reach 1ppm, the possibility of forming MgO-Al 2O3 spinel inclusions in the stainless steel matrix material is greatly reduced, and the quality control requirement of super-pure stainless steel production is met.
TABLE 2
The embodiment of the application also provides the stainless steel prepared by the preparation method. The content of aluminum in the stainless steel is not more than a predetermined value; thereby obviously reducing the aluminum content in the stainless steel, and improving the purity of the stainless steel so as to meet the application of special products.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and to distinguish similar objects, and there is no order between the two, and no indication or implication of relative importance should be understood. In addition, in the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided would be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego the subject matter and should not be construed as an admission that the applicant does not consider such subject matter to be part of the disclosed subject matter.
Claims (6)
1. A method of making stainless steel, comprising:
preparing initial molten steel;
injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace for refining so as to decarbonize the initial molten steel and generate first slag and intermediate molten steel;
removing the first slag from the intermediate molten steel; and injecting the intermediate molten steel from which the first slag is removed into a VOD refining furnace;
blowing oxygen into the VOD refining furnace and stirring under the vacuum condition to ensure that the oxygen can react with Al in the intermediate molten steel to generate Al 2 O 3 Further performing desilting on the intermediate molten steel to generate second slag and water to be cast steel, calculating the desilting amount of the intermediate molten steel according to the second slag and the water to be cast steel, and adjusting the pH value of the intermediate molten steel according to the desilting amount to enable the content of aluminum in the water to be cast steel to be not more than a preset value;
and casting the molten steel to be cast to generate a steel ingot, wherein the value of Al in the steel ingot is 10 ppm.
2. The method for preparing stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the step of blowing oxygen into the VOD refining furnace to desil the intermediate molten steel and generate a second slag and water to be cast includes:
blowing oxygen into the VOD refining furnace and controlling the temperature in the VOD refining furnace to perform desili on the intermediate molten steel and generate the second slag and the water to be cast.
3. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of preparing an initial molten steel, specifically comprising:
preparing the initial molten steel in an electric furnace or a converter; wherein the aluminum content in the manufacturing material of the electric furnace or the converter is lower than a preset value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace for refining to decarburize the initial molten steel and produce a first slag and an intermediate molten steel, comprises:
injecting the initial molten steel into an AOD refining furnace through a ladle car for refining so as to decarbonize and reduce the initial molten steel and generate first slag and intermediate molten steel; wherein the aluminum content in the manufacturing material of the buggy ladle is not more than a second predetermined value.
5. The method for preparing stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel based on the second slag and the molten steel to be cast includes:
obtaining a first content of Si in the intermediate molten steel;
obtaining SiO in the second slag 2 A second content of (d);
and acquiring the Si removal amount of the intermediate molten steel according to the first content and the second content.
6. A stainless steel produced according to the stainless steel production method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| JP4107801B2 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2008-06-25 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Method for producing Fe-Ni-based permalloy alloy having excellent magnetic properties |
| JP4025171B2 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2007-12-19 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance, weldability and surface properties and method for producing the same |
| JP4673343B2 (en) * | 2007-06-06 | 2011-04-20 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Stainless steel sheet excellent in corrosion resistance, weldability and surface properties and method for producing the same |
| JP5338056B2 (en) * | 2007-09-18 | 2013-11-13 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Stainless steel refining method |
| CN101962740B (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2013-03-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Ferrite stainless steel for automobile exhaust emission system and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5687590B2 (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2015-03-18 | 日本冶金工業株式会社 | Method for producing boron-containing stainless steel |
| CN102329920B (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2013-04-24 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for smelting high-aluminum low-silicon ultra pure ferritic stainless steel |
| KR101320319B1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-10-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | Refining method for stainless steel |
| CN102787196B (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2013-10-16 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Method for smelting stainless steel by direct reduced iron |
| CN102787195B (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2013-10-16 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Stainless-steel smelting method |
| CN104087838B (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-20 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of super-purity ferrite anti-bacteria stainless steel and manufacture method |
| CN104263880B (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2016-06-01 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of stainless steel smelting method adapting to high phosphorus raw material |
| CN107574385B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-07-12 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of process improving bistable ferrite stainless steel continuous casting billet equiaxial crystal ratio |
| CN108796167A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-13 | 泰州市申工不锈钢制品有限公司 | A kind of stainless steel smelting method |
| CN110484685A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-22 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | The control method of titaniferous stainless steel dross |
| CN111575588B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-06-22 | 浦项(张家港)不锈钢股份有限公司 | Martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel and preparation method and application thereof |
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