CN112059343B - Cathode tool for machining variable-diameter round hole in conductor material and machining method - Google Patents
Cathode tool for machining variable-diameter round hole in conductor material and machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112059343B CN112059343B CN202010892788.7A CN202010892788A CN112059343B CN 112059343 B CN112059343 B CN 112059343B CN 202010892788 A CN202010892788 A CN 202010892788A CN 112059343 B CN112059343 B CN 112059343B
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- tube electrode
- hole
- spiral groove
- machining
- diameter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
Abstract
The invention relates to a cathode tool for machining a variable-diameter round hole in a conductor material and a machining method. The problems of difficult processing and poor surface quality of the hole wall in the prior art are solved. The invention comprises the following steps: 1. the outer diameter of the tube electrode is d, the inner diameter of the tube electrode is 0.8d, and a spiral groove is processed on the surface of the tube electrode; 2. fixing a conductor workpiece with a cylindrical hole with an inner bore diameter of D in a machine tool workbench, and placing a cathode tool in the cylindrical hole of the conductor workpiece under the action of a machine tool clamp; 3. the tube electrode is connected with the cathode of the power supply, the workpiece is connected with the anode of the power supply, the working solution and the deionized water are mixed into a solution, and the working solution is injected from the top of the tube electrode and flows out from the bottom of the tube electrode and the spiral groove; 4. and (3) when the processing is started, the tube electrode rotates at a constant speed, the remaining effective working part on the surface of the tube electrode after the spiral groove is removed carries out electrolytic processing on the cylindrical hole, the material on the inner wall of the hole is dissolved and removed, and the inner diameter of the hole is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of conductor material processing, and particularly relates to a cathode tool and a processing method for processing a reducing circular hole in a conductor material.
Background
Deep hole processing technology has a very important position in the field of mechanical processing, and with the development of science and technology, parts which are difficult to process deep holes, such as high strength, high hardness and the like, are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, medical instruments and the like, for example, a turbine blade material of an aeroengine mainly selects nickel-based high-temperature alloy, meanwhile, air film cooling holes are processed on the blade to improve the high temperature resistance of the blade, and each combustion chamber of the high-performance aeroengine contains up to one hundred thousand air film holes. Meanwhile, in order to optimize the cooling effect to the maximum extent, special-shaped hole processing schemes such as a dustpan hole, a water drop hole, a dovetail hole and the like are successively designed on the basis of the traditional round hole, and deep hole processing becomes a key process and difficult challenge of modern mechanical manufacturing.
The traditional drilling and electric spark machining can carry out deep hole machining. However, the drilling process has the process defects of insufficient rigidity of the tool, easy breakage of the drill bit, difficult discharge of cutting scraps and the like. In the electric spark machining, although the hardness of the part material is not limited, the electrode loss is serious along with the increase of the hole depth, so that the machining efficiency is reduced and the manufacturing cost is increased, and moreover, a recast layer also exists on the hole wall after the electric spark machining, so that the surface quality and the material performance of the hole are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cathode tool and a processing method for processing a reducing circular hole in a conductor material, which aim to solve the problems of difficult processing and poor surface quality of a hole wall in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a cathode tool for machining a variable-diameter round hole in a conductor material, which comprises a cylindrical tubular electrode with a hollow inner part, wherein the material is brass or red copper, and a spiral groove is formed in the surface of the tubular electrode.
The method for processing the variable-diameter round hole in the conductor material by using the cathode tool comprises the following steps of:
1. the outer diameter of the tube electrode is d, the inner diameter of the tube electrode is 0.8d, a spiral groove is processed on the surface of the tube electrode, the pitch of the spiral groove is s, and the width of the spiral groove is k;
2. fixing the conductor workpiece with the processed cylindrical hole with the inner diameter D in a machine tool workbench, wherein the height of the selected tube electrode is greater than that of the cylindrical hole, and placing a cathode tool in the cylindrical hole of the conductor workpiece under the action of a machine tool clamp;
3. the voltage of the DC power supply is 10V-20V, the tube electrode is connected with the cathode of the power supply, the workpiece is connected with the anode of the power supply, and the working solution is NaNO315-25% NaNO mixed with deionized water3The working solution is injected from the top of the tube electrode and flows out from the bottom of the tube electrode and the spiral groove;
4. and (3) starting processing, enabling the tube electrode to rotate at a constant speed under the driving of a machine tool clamp, and carrying out electrolytic processing on the cylindrical hole by the residual effective working part on the surface of the tube electrode after the spiral groove is removed, so as to dissolve and remove the material on the inner wall of the hole and increase the inner diameter of the hole.
The screw pitch s and the groove width k of the spiral groove on the cathode tool are the same and are used for processing straight holes. Every effective work area on the pipe electrode surface is the same too, uses the hole that such pipe electrode was processed, can enlarge hole diameter, still straight hole, is not the reducing round hole.
And changing the pitch s and the width k of the spiral groove on the cathode tool to process the reducing circular hole. The effective working area of the tube electrode is changed, and the diameter-variable circular hole can be machined.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the cathode tube electrode tool provided by the invention has a simple structure and is easy to process.
2. The processing steps are simple: the tube electrode with the spiral groove is used as a cathode tool, and cylindrical holes with different diameters are machined by an electrolytic machining method so as to meet the requirements of aeroengine on air film cooling holes. The electrolytic machining is a process for machining a workpiece by utilizing the anodic dissolution principle of metal, has no cutting force effect, does not generate residual stress on the surface of the workpiece, does not generate a recast layer on a hole wall like electric spark machining, has high surface quality, has remarkable advantages for deep hole machining in materials difficult to machine, and has lower production cost for a single piece when the batch is larger.
3. The processing method is not only suitable for processing straight holes, but also capable of processing variable-diameter round holes.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cathode tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a machined hole of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a decrease in the effective working area of the tube electrode caused by increasing the groove width or decreasing the pitch in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of example 4 for machining a tapered hole;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of processing a drum-shaped hole according to embodiment 5;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the dumbbell-shaped hole of example 6;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of machining a circular hole of any diameter;
description of the drawings: 1-inner hole to be processed, 2-tube electrode with spiral groove.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the cathode tool provided by the present invention is manufactured based on a known tube electrode having an outer diameter d and an inner diameter of 0.8d, and is made of brass or red copper. On the surface of the tube electrode, a spiral groove is arranged, namely a groove is processed along the spiral line, the pitch of the spiral groove is s, and the width of the groove is k. Since the portion of the helical groove is already hollowed out, the remaining surface is the effective working area of the tube electrode.
The cathode tool is used for processing a conductor workpiece, a cylindrical hole is processed on the conductor workpiece, the diameter of the cylindrical hole is D, and the outer diameter D of the tube electrode is D- (0.2 mm-2 mm).
Example 1, referring to fig. 2, a method for machining a circular hole in a conductive material using the above-described cathode tool, comprising the steps of:
1. the outer diameter of the tube electrode is d, the inner diameter of the tube electrode is 0.8d, a spiral groove is machined on the surface of the tube electrode, the pitch of the spiral groove is s, the width of the spiral groove is k, and the pitch s and the width k of the spiral groove on the cathode tool are the same in the embodiment;
2. fixing the conductor workpiece with the processed cylindrical hole with the inner diameter D in a machine tool workbench, wherein the height of the selected tube electrode is greater than that of the cylindrical hole, and placing a cathode tool in the cylindrical hole of the conductor workpiece under the action of a machine tool clamp;
3. the voltage of the DC power supply is 10V-20V, the tube electrode is connected with the cathode of the power supply, the workpiece is connected with the anode of the power supply, and the working solution is NaNO315-25% NaNO mixed with deionized water3The working solution is injected from the top of the tube electrode and flows out from the bottom of the tube electrode and the spiral groove;
4. and (3) starting processing, enabling the tube electrode to rotate at a constant speed under the driving of a machine tool clamp, and carrying out electrolytic processing on the cylindrical hole by the residual effective working part on the surface of the tube electrode after the spiral groove is removed, so as to dissolve and remove the material on the inner wall of the hole and increase the inner diameter of the hole. Because every effective work area on the pipe electrode surface all is the same, the hole that uses such pipe electrode processing can enlarge the hole diameter, still is the straight hole, is not the reducing round hole.
Example 2, the method is the same as example 1 except that the groove width k is increased, as shown in fig. 3 (a); alternatively, the pitch s may be reduced, as shown in fig. 3(b), to reduce the effective working area of the tube electrode. If the effective working area of the tube electrode is reduced, the material removed from the workpiece under the same conditions is reduced, and therefore the resulting bore diameter is reduced when a cylindrical bore is machined using such a tube electrode.
Example 3 reducing the groove width of the helical groove, or increasing the pitch of the helical groove, can increase the effective working area of the tube electrode. When the effective working area of the tube electrode is increased, the material of the removed workpiece is increased under the same conditions, and therefore, when a cylindrical hole is machined by using the tube electrode, the diameter of the obtained hole is also increased.
Through the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3, it can be found that if the aperture needing to be processed is larger, a spiral groove with a large screw pitch and a small groove width can be processed on the surface of the tube electrode; conversely, if the smaller the bore diameter to be machined, a helical groove with a small pitch and a large groove width can be adopted on the surface of the tube electrode. Therefore, the effective working area of the tube electrode can be changed by changing the pitch s and the width k of the spiral groove, and then circular holes with different inner diameters are processed.
Example 4 as shown in fig. 4, when a spiral groove with a small pitch and a large groove width was formed at one end of the tube electrode and a spiral groove with a large pitch and a small groove width was formed at the other end of the tube electrode, a tapered hole with a small diameter at one end and a large diameter at the other end was formed by electrolytic machining in a cylindrical hole formed by the above-described cathode tool.
Example 5, as shown in fig. 5, if spiral grooves with small pitch and large groove width are formed at both ends of the tube electrode and spiral grooves with large pitch and small groove width are formed at the middle part, a drum-shaped hole with small hole diameter at both ends and large hole diameter at the middle can be formed.
Example 6, as shown in fig. 6, if spiral grooves with large pitches and small groove widths are formed at both ends of the tube electrode and spiral grooves with small pitches and large groove widths are formed at the middle part, a dumbbell-shaped hole with large hole diameters at both ends and small hole diameter at the middle part can be formed.
In example 7, as shown in fig. 7, spiral grooves with different pitches and groove widths were formed at different positions of the tube electrode, and holes with different inner diameters were obtained by machining.
Claims (1)
1. A method for processing a variable-diameter round hole in a conductor material by using a cathode tool is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the cathode tool comprises a cylindrical tube electrode with a hollow interior, the interior of the cylindrical tube electrode is made of brass or red copper, and a spiral groove is formed in the surface of the tube electrode; the method for machining the variable-diameter round hole comprises the following steps of:
1) the outer diameter of the tube electrode is d, the inner diameter of the tube electrode is 0.8d, a spiral groove is processed on the surface of the tube electrode, the pitch of the spiral groove is s, and the width of the spiral groove is k;
2) fixing the conductor workpiece with the processed cylindrical hole with the inner diameter D in a machine tool workbench, selecting a tube electrode with the height larger than that of the cylindrical hole, and placing the tube electrode in the cylindrical hole of the conductor workpiece under the action of a machine tool clamp;
3) the voltage of the DC power supply is 10V-20V, the tube electrode is connected with the cathode of the power supply, the workpiece is connected with the anode of the power supply, and the working solution is NaNO315-25% NaNO mixed with deionized water3The working solution is injected from the top of the tube electrode and flows out from the bottom of the tube electrode and the spiral groove;
4) when the machining is started, the tube electrode is driven by a machine tool clamp to rotate at a constant speed, the remaining effective working part on the surface of the tube electrode after the spiral groove is removed carries out electrochemical machining on the cylindrical hole, materials on the inner wall of the hole are removed through dissolution, and the inner diameter of the hole is increased;
spiral grooves with different groove widths and different thread pitches are processed at different positions of the tube electrode and are used for processing the variable-diameter round holes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010892788.7A CN112059343B (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Cathode tool for machining variable-diameter round hole in conductor material and machining method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010892788.7A CN112059343B (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2020-08-31 | Cathode tool for machining variable-diameter round hole in conductor material and machining method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112059343A CN112059343A (en) | 2020-12-11 |
| CN112059343B true CN112059343B (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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| CN114046180B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2024-01-30 | 西北工业大学 | Combined hole air film cooling structure utilizing rotational flow |
Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0976123A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-25 | Kaijo Corp | Electric discharge tool electrode and electric discharge machine using it |
| CN2363821Y (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-02-16 | 机械工业部苏州电加工机床研究所 | Electrode for deep small hole electric spark machining |
| CN201091948Y (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2008-07-30 | 广东轻工职业技术学院 | Self-guided composite material tube electrode and electric spark deep eyelet processing device thereof |
| CN202180270U (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-04-04 | 亿和塑胶电子制品(深圳)有限公司 | Electrode used for EDM (electric discharge machining) of deep hole |
| TW201521922A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-16 | Metal Ind Res & Dev Ct | Electrode structure for electrochemical processing and electrochemical processing device |
| CN106735640A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | Spiral groove type tube-shaped electrolyte instrument and electrochemical machining method |
| CN107470726A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-15 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of electrolytic machining device of the profound and subtle groove of surface of workpiece |
-
2020
- 2020-08-31 CN CN202010892788.7A patent/CN112059343B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0976123A (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-25 | Kaijo Corp | Electric discharge tool electrode and electric discharge machine using it |
| CN2363821Y (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-02-16 | 机械工业部苏州电加工机床研究所 | Electrode for deep small hole electric spark machining |
| CN201091948Y (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2008-07-30 | 广东轻工职业技术学院 | Self-guided composite material tube electrode and electric spark deep eyelet processing device thereof |
| CN202180270U (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-04-04 | 亿和塑胶电子制品(深圳)有限公司 | Electrode used for EDM (electric discharge machining) of deep hole |
| TW201521922A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-16 | Metal Ind Res & Dev Ct | Electrode structure for electrochemical processing and electrochemical processing device |
| CN106735640A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-05-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | Spiral groove type tube-shaped electrolyte instrument and electrochemical machining method |
| CN107470726A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-15 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of electrolytic machining device of the profound and subtle groove of surface of workpiece |
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| CN112059343A (en) | 2020-12-11 |
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