CN112051206B - Accelerated aging method for detecting tiger skin line defect of plastic product of automobile exterior trimming part - Google Patents
Accelerated aging method for detecting tiger skin line defect of plastic product of automobile exterior trimming part Download PDFInfo
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- G01N17/004—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light to light
Abstract
The invention discloses an accelerated aging method for detecting tiger skin line defects of plastic products of automobile exterior trimming parts, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting an automobile exterior material, and preparing a test sample; (2) establishing a test condition of a solar tracking condensation accelerated aging method, (3) calculating effective total ultraviolet irradiation according to the optical effect of the material; (4) carrying out an aging test on a test sample by adopting a sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method, wherein when the test sample has a tiger stripe phenomenon with alternate light and shade, the sample has the tiger stripe defect, and if the test sample does not have the tiger stripe phenomenon with alternate light and shade, the sample does not have the tiger stripe defect; (5) and (4) correlation verification, namely setting a natural aging control group and verifying the accuracy of the sun tracking light condensation accelerated aging method. The method has the advantages of low test cost, simple and convenient operation, low energy consumption, high result accuracy and the like, and has high application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile exterior trim plastic products, and particularly relates to an accelerated aging method for detecting tiger skin line defects of an automobile exterior trim plastic product.
Background
With the deep promotion and development of the light weight of the automobile, the development of thinning the plastic product of the automobile exterior trimming part is increasingly serious, and a series of appearance quality problems of the injection molding product follow. The tiger skin pattern, one of the appearance defects of the exterior trimming parts of automobiles, becomes the most common appearance quality problem, particularly on large-sized thin-wall automobile injection molding parts, such as injection molding parts of bumpers, wheel trims and the like. The main reasons for the formation of the tiger skin lines include injection molding process with thin wall and large flow length ratio, extrusion swelling or mold stripping expansion, high viscoelasticity in plastic melt, uneven wall thickness of products and the like. When the 'tiger skin line' defect is serious, the defect can be observed by naked eyes; some products can not observe the tiger skin lines through naked eyes, but under the action of environmental stress such as temperature, humidity, irradiation and the like of an outdoor natural environment, the tiger skin lines with alternate light and shade begin to appear after the products are put into use for a period of time, and the appearance quality of an automobile is seriously influenced.
Generally, the weather resistance evaluation of the plastic product of the automobile exterior trimming part is mainly realized by an artificial accelerated aging experiment, and the method comprises methods of accelerated aging of a xenon lamp, accelerated aging of a carbon arc lamp, accelerated aging of an ultraviolet lamp and the like. Although the artificial accelerated aging test has short period and quick aging, the artificial light source and the natural light spectrum have larger difference, and the influence of factors such as day and night temperature difference, seasonal variation, air active components and the like is ignored, so that all factors in the natural environment cannot be completely and really reflected. Therefore, although some automobile exterior trim plastic products are evaluated through an artificial accelerated aging test, the defects of 'tiger skin stripes' still appear after the products are put into use for a period of time, the service life of the products is rapidly reduced, and the brand reputation and the market competitiveness of automobiles are seriously influenced. However, in the current situation, the appearance quality is one of the key control indexes of the quality inspection department, so that the problem of 'tiger skin stripe' is not detected, which is one of the focuses of the detection personnel, and the development of a detectable high-correlation test method is urgent.
Moreover, methods such as xenon lamp accelerated aging, carbon arc lamp accelerated aging, ultraviolet lamp accelerated aging and the like in the prior art, especially xenon lamp accelerated aging test methods commonly used for automobile tiger stripe detection at present, are high in energy consumption and cost, and are carried out in a laboratory, so that the influence of natural environment is ignored, and the result accuracy is low.
The solar tracking light-gathering aging test mainly refers to a test method for rapidly evaluating the weather resistance of a material under the outdoor natural environment through solar irradiation received by the surface of the reinforced material. The solar tracking light-gathering accelerated aging test is used for accelerating material aging in a real environment, and can greatly improve the accuracy of an accelerated test method, so that the correlation between a test result and an actual service state is higher. Compared with an artificial acceleration test method, the solar tracking light-gathering accelerated aging test method has the advantages of lower test cost and less energy consumption, and has great scientific significance for green sustainable development.
However, the method is not used for detecting the 'tiger skin line' defect of the automobile exterior trimming part material at present, so that the accelerated test method capable of detecting the 'tiger skin line' defect of the automobile exterior trimming part material is established based on a sun tracking condensation accelerated aging test, is used for prolonging the service life of the automobile exterior trimming part plastic product, and provides technical support for improving the quality of the equipment product in the automobile industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an accelerated aging method for detecting tiger skin stripes of an automobile exterior trim plastic product.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the accelerated aging method for detecting tiger stripe defects of plastic products of automobile exterior trimming parts comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an automobile exterior material, and preparing a test sample;
(2) establishing test conditions of a sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method, including determining the fixing mode of a test sample on an aging device, the number of reflecting mirrors participating in reflection, setting of an upper temperature limit, and taking a picture and observing each test condition of a period;
(3) calculating effective total ultraviolet irradiation according to the luminous effect of the material;
(4) carrying out an aging test on the test sample by adopting the test conditions set in the step (2) and the effective total ultraviolet irradiation amount obtained in the step (3) by adopting a sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method, wherein when the test sample has a tiger skin pattern phenomenon with alternate light and shade, the sample has the tiger skin pattern defect, and if the test sample does not have the tiger skin pattern phenomenon with alternate light and shade, the sample does not have the tiger skin pattern defect;
(5) and (4) correlation verification, namely setting a natural aging control group and verifying the accuracy of the sun tracking light condensation accelerated aging method.
In the accelerated aging method for detecting tiger skin line defects of the plastic products of the automobile exterior trimming parts, the method comprises the following steps:
preferably, the automobile exterior material in step (1) includes a fiber reinforced material, a nanocomposite material, a toughened composite material, and the like of a polymer material such as one or more of Polypropylene (PP), Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), Polyolefin elastomer (POE), Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene copolymer (ABS), and High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS).
Preferably, the test sample in step (1) is cut by a dumbbell cutter, or a dumbbell standard tensile bar obtained by injection molding is used as the test sample.
Namely, the automobile exterior trim material test sample in the step (1) can be obtained by cutting through a dumbbell-shaped cutter, and a dumbbell-shaped standard tensile sample strip can also be obtained by injection molding and is used for a sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging test.
Preferably, the fixing mode of the test sample on the aging equipment in the step (2) is clamping groove fixing, and compared with the original fixing method of the pressing strip, the method can ensure that the test sample is not stressed by pressure and cannot deform in the test process, so that the flatness of the surface of the material and the received solar radiation are influenced, and the accuracy of the test result is influenced.
Preferably, the number of the reflecting mirrors participating in reflection in the step (2) is 0-30, different lenses are arranged for defining different accelerating multiplying powers, and the more the number of the lenses is, the more obvious the accelerating effect is.
Preferably, in the step (2), the upper limit value of the temperature is 70-75 ℃, the upper limit value of the temperature control is very important, which is near the critical temperature of the aging mechanism transition of the related materials, and when the temperature is higher than the critical temperature, the detection of tiger skin stripes can be influenced.
Preferably, the photographing and observation period in the step (2) is 7-15 days/time.
Further, the application recommends two periods of 7 or 15 days, the time period can be determined according to the accelerated aging condition of the equipment, the aging is a relatively long process, and the frequent photographing and observation periods are not suitable.
The sun tracking light condensation accelerated aging test in the step (2) is carried out in an outdoor test station, the prepared automobile exterior material test sample is installed in an equipment sample area of a sun tracking light condensation accelerated aging method in a clamping groove fixing mode, then the number of reflectors participating in light condensation is set, and the upper limit value of temperature is set under the condition that an aging mechanism is not changed; and after the temperature exceeds the upper limit value, activating a baffle and other conventional temperature control mechanisms in the sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging equipment, so that the sample is in a protected state, stopping when the temperature is reduced to be not higher than a set value by 10 ℃, and regularly photographing and observing the appearance change of the test.
Under the irradiation of sunlight, the material is easily affected by ultraviolet radiation to generate free radicals, and then oxidation or crosslinking occurs, and finally, the material is aged. Therefore, the material has a light effect phenomenon, can be calculated through the following modified Schwarzchild equation (1), is based on real-time monitoring and statistics of irradiation data, and can be used for calculating the required total sunlight irradiation amount according to the following equation (2) after tiger stripes appear and setting the total sunlight ultraviolet irradiation amount as a test endpoint in the next test process.
Preferably, the effective total uv exposure calculated in step (3) is calculated by the modified Schwarzchild equation (1) as shown below:
Ieffect＝aIactual x (1)
in the formula:
Ieffectthe effective total ultraviolet radiation dose is in megajoules per square meter (MJ/m)2)；
IactualThe total ultraviolet irradiation amount is megajoules per square meter (MJ/m)2)；
a is an acceleration factor of the material when the temperature rises by 10 ℃ every time, and is determined according to the type of the material;
x is an effective solar radiation factor and is determined according to the type of the material;
Iactualthe total ultraviolet irradiation amount is megajoules per square meter (MJ/m)2)；
ItThe total ultraviolet radiation intensity at the time t is measured in megajoules per square meter (MJ/m)2)；
t is the cumulative time of tiger stripes in minutes.
Preferably, the natural aging control group in the step (5) is: and (3) carrying out natural 45-degree angle insolation in a non-condensing and tracking state to carry out outdoor natural aging (refer to GB/T3681).
Compared with the laboratory artificial accelerated aging test method, the method has the following advantages:
(1) the invention uses the sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method for the first time in the aspect of tiger skin line defect detection of the plastic product of the automobile exterior trimming part;
(2) the method improves the sample installation method in the solar tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method, adopts a clamping groove fixing method (figure 1), and compared with the prior art, the clamping groove fixing method has the advantages that the clamping groove fixing method does not apply stress to the sample, so that the sample is deformed, the received solar irradiation is influenced, and the accuracy of the test result is influenced;
(3) compared with an artificial accelerated test method, such as xenon lamp accelerated aging and ultraviolet lamp accelerated aging, the solar tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method has the advantages that the light source is natural sunlight in the test process, electric energy does not need to be consumed and converted into light energy, high-cost light tube consumable materials are not consumed in the test process, cost saving, energy saving and emission reduction can be realized, and the method has great scientific significance for green sustainable development;
(4) compared with an artificial accelerated test method, the method is carried out under outdoor natural conditions, and the accelerated aging test method has better correlation;
(5) compared with the existing solar tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method, the existing method only provides a test flow, does not consider the shape, the number of reflectors, the upper temperature limit, the total radiation amount and the like of a test sample, and also does not set a comparison, and the solar tracking light-gathering accelerated aging test in the prior art is not applied to tiger skin pattern detection of the automobile exterior material, so that the special requirements of the automobile exterior material are not researched in the prior art.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the card-type sample fixing method used in examples 1 to 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The injection molded PP/EPDM dumbbell-type standard sample bar with the diameter of 20 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 4mm is arranged in a sample area of sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging test equipment (the equipment can refer to a natural atmosphere accelerated exposure test device in the patent application with the application number of 02250367.6) by a clamping groove fixing method (as shown in figure 1), the number of light-gathering reflectors is 10, the upper limit value of the temperature is 75 ℃, no humidity enhancement is arranged, and the effective total ultraviolet irradiation amount is about 670MJ/m2Thereby developing accelerated aging of the PP/EPDM samples.
The effective total uv exposure was calculated by the modified Schwarzchild equation (1) as shown below:
Ieffect＝aIactual x (1)
in the formula:
Ieffectthe effective total ultraviolet radiation dose is in megajoules per square meter (MJ/m)2)；
IactualThe total ultraviolet irradiation amount is megajoules per square meter (MJ/m)2)；
a is an acceleration factor of the material when the temperature rises by 10 ℃ every time, and is determined according to the type of the material;
x is an effective solar radiation factor and is determined according to the type of the material;
Iactualthe total ultraviolet irradiation amount is megajoules per square meter (MJ/m)2)；
ItThe total ultraviolet radiation intensity at the time t is measured in megajoules per square meter (MJ/m)2)；
t is the cumulative time of tiger stripes in minutes.
The sample photographing and observing period is 15 days/time. In the accelerated aging test process, the sample has a tiger skin stripe phenomenon with alternate light and shade, namely the sample has defects, and the detection result is unqualified.
When the accelerated aging test is carried out, a natural exposure test at an angle of 45 degrees is set as a control group, the test method refers to GB/T3681, and after the test is finished, the control group also has the defect of black and white tiger skin lines, which shows that the detection method in the embodiment has reliable results.
Example 2
The automobile exterior trimming part PP/EPDM is cut into a standard sample strip of 20 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 4mm by a dumbbell-type cutter, and is installed in a sample area of sun tracking accelerated aging test equipment (the equipment is a natural atmospheric aging exposure accelerated test device which can track the sun in application number 201020221142.8) by a clamping groove type fixing method, the number of light gathering reflectors is 0, the upper limit value of the temperature is 70 ℃, and the effective total ultraviolet irradiation amount is approximately 680MJ/m2(calculation method same as example 1), no humidity enhancement was provided, thereby carrying out accelerated aging of PP/EPDM samples.
The sample photographing and observing period is 15 days/time. In the accelerated aging process, the sample has a tiger skin stripe phenomenon with alternate light and shade, namely the sample has defects, and the detection result is unqualified.
While the accelerated aging test was conducted, a natural exposure test at an angle of 45 ° was set as a control group. The test method is referred to GB/T3681. After the test is finished, the contrast group also has the defect of black and white alternate tiger skin stripes, which shows that the detection method in the embodiment has reliable results.
Example 3
The injection-molded PP/POE dumbbell-type standard sample bar with the diameter of 20 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 4mm is arranged in a sample area of a sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging test device by a clamping-groove fixing method, the device can be referred to as a natural atmosphere accelerated exposure test device in the patent application with the application number of 02250367.6, the number of light-gathering reflectors is 8, the upper limit value of the temperature is 70 ℃, and the effective total ultraviolet irradiation amount is about 650MJ/m2And the humidity enhancement is not set, so that the accelerated aging of the PP/POE sample is carried out.
The sample photographing and observing period is 15 days/time. In the accelerated aging test process, the sample has a 'tiger skin stripe' phenomenon with alternate light and shade, namely the sample has defects, and the detection result is unqualified.
While the accelerated aging test was conducted, a natural exposure test at an angle of 45 ° was set as a control group. The test method is referred to GB/T3681. After the test is finished, the contrast group also has the defect of black and white alternate tiger skin stripes, which shows that the detection method in the embodiment has reliable results.
Example 4
ABS/EPDM dumbbell-type standard sample bar 20 × 10 × 4mm prepared by injection molding is arranged in a sample area of a sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging test device by a clamping groove type fixing method, the device can be referred to as a natural atmosphere accelerated exposure test device in the patent application with the application number of CN02250367.6, the number of light-gathering reflectors is 8, the upper limit value of the temperature is 75 ℃, and the effective total ultraviolet irradiation amount is about 670MJ/m2The humidity enhancement was not set to develop accelerated aging of the ABS/EPDM samples.
The sample photographing and observing period is 15 days/time. In the accelerated aging test process, the sample does not have a tiger skin stripe phenomenon with alternate light and shade, namely the sample has no defects and passes the detection.
While the accelerated aging test was conducted, a natural exposure test at an angle of 45 ° was set as a control group. The test method is referred to GB/T3681. After the test is finished, the control group does not have the black-white alternative tiger skin line defect, which shows that the detection method in the embodiment has reliable results.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various other modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the method of the present invention without departing from the basic technical concept of the present invention as described above according to the general technical knowledge and conventional means in the field of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An accelerated aging method for detecting tiger skin line defects of plastic products of automobile exterior trimming parts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting an automobile exterior material, and preparing a test sample;
(2) establishing test conditions of a sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method, including determining the fixing mode of a test sample on an aging device, the number of reflecting mirrors participating in reflection, setting of an upper temperature limit, and taking a picture and observing each test condition of a period;
(3) calculating effective total ultraviolet irradiation according to the luminous effect of the material;
(4) carrying out an aging test on the test sample by adopting the test conditions set in the step (2) and the effective total ultraviolet irradiation amount obtained in the step (3) by adopting a sun tracking light-gathering accelerated aging method, wherein when the test sample has a tiger skin pattern phenomenon with alternate light and shade, the sample has the tiger skin pattern defect, and if the test sample does not have the tiger skin pattern phenomenon with alternate light and shade, the sample does not have the tiger skin pattern defect;
(5) the correlation verification is that a natural aging control group is set to verify the accuracy of the sun tracking light condensation accelerated aging method;
in the step (2), the test sample is fixed on the aging equipment in a way of fixing a clamping groove;
the number of the reflectors participating in reflection in the step (2) is 0-30;
the upper limit value of the temperature in the step (2) is 70-75 ℃;
in the step (2), the photographing and observation period is 7-15 days/time.
2. The accelerated aging method for detecting tiger stripe defects of plastic products of automobile exterior trimming parts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the automobile exterior material in the step (1) comprises one or more of polypropylene, ethylene propylene diene monomer, polyolefin elastomer, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymer and impact-resistant polystyrene.
3. The accelerated aging method for detecting tiger stripe defects of plastic products of automobile exterior trimming parts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (2) cutting the test sample in the step (1) by using a dumbbell-shaped cutter, or performing injection molding to obtain a dumbbell-shaped standard tensile sample strip as the test sample.
4. The accelerated aging method for detecting tiger stripe defects of plastic products of automobile exterior trimming parts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the natural aging control group in the step (5) is as follows: and (3) under the non-condensing and tracking states, carrying out natural 45-degree angle insolation, and carrying out outdoor natural aging.
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| CN114624172B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2024-01-05 | 无锡市检验检测认证研究院 | Test method based on photovoltaic material outdoor demonstration accelerated aging test system |
| CN114723702A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-08 | 海门市腾飞橡塑厂 | Injection molding part tiger stripe defect detection method and system based on image processing |
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