CN114624172B - Test method based on photovoltaic material outdoor demonstration accelerated aging test system - Google Patents
Test method based on photovoltaic material outdoor demonstration accelerated aging test system Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/004—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The application relates to a test method based on a photovoltaic material outdoor demonstration accelerated aging test system, and relates to the field of photovoltaic material outdoor demonstration test. The method is applied to an outdoor demonstration accelerated aging test system of a photovoltaic material, and the test system comprises a base, a connecting column, a transmission box, a rotating shaft, a supporting frame and at least one group of sample aging modules; the sample aging module comprises a Fresnel lens, a sample mounting aluminum plate, a test sample and an adjustable bracket; the test system further comprises a data acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit comprises a power module, a data acquisition module, a sun tracking sensor, a temperature sensor, a weather sensor, a first full-wave band irradiance sensor, a first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, a second full-wave band irradiance sensor, a second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor and a computer. The method and the device realize the process that the photovoltaic material completely simulates natural aging, and further accurately judge the aging resistance of the photovoltaic material, so that the aging acceleration efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of outdoor demonstration testing of photovoltaic materials, in particular to a testing method based on an outdoor demonstration accelerated aging testing system of photovoltaic materials.
Background
The photovoltaic material is applied to the photovoltaic module, and works in the outdoor natural environment for a long time, and the organic material can generate an aging phenomenon, so that the service life of the photovoltaic module is shortened, and the generated energy is influenced.
The accelerated aging test of the photovoltaic material in the related technology adopts an indoor simulation mode, and the accelerated aging is accelerated by providing ultraviolet irradiation or damp heat and damp freeze circulation.
However, compared with the outdoor actual natural environment, the indoor test condition is single, the natural aging process cannot be completely simulated, and the supply and demand parties bring out test requirements on the outdoor demonstration accelerated aging of the photovoltaic material, but no specific test device and test method exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the application provides a testing method based on a photovoltaic material outdoor demonstration accelerated aging testing system, and the technical problem to be solved is how to realize the process that a photovoltaic material completely simulates natural aging, so that the aging resistance of the photovoltaic material is accurately judged, and the accelerated aging efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the application is as follows:
the method is applied to the photovoltaic material outdoor evidence accelerated aging test system, and the test system comprises a base, a connecting column, a transmission box, a rotating shaft, a support frame and at least one group of sample aging modules, wherein the connecting column is connected to the base, the transmission box is rotatably connected with the top of the connecting column, the transmission box is hinged with the support frame through the rotating shaft, and the at least one group of sample aging modules are installed on the support frame;
the sample aging module comprises a Fresnel lens, a sample mounting aluminum plate, a test sample and an adjustable bracket, wherein the Fresnel lens is positioned at the top of the adjustable bracket, the sample mounting aluminum plate is positioned below the Fresnel lens, and the test sample is arranged on the sample mounting aluminum plate;
the test system further comprises a data acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit comprises a power supply module, a data acquisition module, a sun tracking sensor, a temperature sensor, a weather sensor, a first full-band irradiance sensor, a first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, a second full-band irradiance sensor, a second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor and a computer, and the sun tracking sensor, the weather sensor, the first full-band irradiance sensor and the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor are arranged on the adjustable bracket; the second full-band irradiance sensor and the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor are mounted on the sample mounting aluminum plate; the temperature sensor is arranged on the back surface of the test sample; the power module is connected with the data acquisition module and the transmission box; the transmission box, the sun tracking sensor, the temperature sensor, the weather sensor, the first full-wave band irradiance sensor, the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, the second full-wave band irradiance sensor and the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor are all in communication connection with the data acquisition module; the data acquisition module is in communication connection with the computer;
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a test sample;
packaging the test sample;
placing the test sample on the sample mounting aluminum plate for outdoor exposure and aging test;
responding to the test period of the outdoor exposure aging test reaching a preset irradiation period threshold value, and performing aging resistance test on the test sample;
and determining the ageing resistance parameter of the test sample based on the ageing resistance test of the test sample.
In one possible implementation, the placing the test sample on the sample mounting aluminum plate for outdoor exposure and aging testing includes:
responding to the working state of the sun tracking sensor, controlling the transmission box to work through the data acquisition module, enabling the testing system to change along with the change of the azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the sun, and realizing the zero incident angle of the sunlight relative to the sample aging module;
responding to the working state of the meteorological sensor, and acquiring meteorological data through the data acquisition module;
responding to the working state of the first full-wave band irradiance sensor, and acquiring full-wave band irradiation quantity before condensation through the data acquisition module;
responding to the working state of the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, and collecting the irradiation quantity of the ultraviolet band before condensation through the data collection module;
responding to the working state of the second full-wave band irradiance sensor, and collecting the full-wave band irradiation quantity after condensation through the data collection module;
responding to the working state of the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, and collecting the irradiation quantity of the concentrated ultraviolet band through the data collecting module;
and responding to the working state of the temperature sensor, and acquiring the temperature of the test sample through the data acquisition module.
In one possible implementation manner, the data acquisition unit further comprises a dust shielding sensor, wherein the dust shielding sensor is mounted on the sample mounting aluminum plate, and the dust shielding sensor is in communication connection with the data acquisition module;
the test sample is placed on the sample mounting aluminum plate for outdoor exposure and aging test, and the method further comprises the following steps:
and responding to the dust shielding sensor in a working state, and monitoring the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample through the data acquisition module.
In one possible implementation manner, the monitoring, by the data acquisition module, the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample in response to the dust shielding sensor being in an operating state includes:
and when the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample is more than 5%, cleaning the test sample.
In one possible implementation manner, the performing the ageing resistance test on the test sample in response to the test period of the outdoor exposure ageing test reaching a preset irradiation period threshold value includes:
and in response to the test period of the outdoor exposure aging test reaching a preset irradiation period threshold, performing one or more of mechanical property test, breakdown voltage test, yellowing index test, water vapor transmittance test, reflectivity test, infrared spectrum test and SEM morphology observation test on the test sample.
In one possible implementation, the preset irradiation period threshold is one year; the mechanical property test comprises a tensile strength test and an elongation at break test.
In one possible implementation, the preparing a test sample includes:
a first material die, a second material die, and a laminate are prepared.
In one possible implementation, the packaging the test sample includes:
and sealing the periphery of the test sample by using a reflective aluminum adhesive tape.
In one possible implementation manner, after the temperature of the test sample is collected by the data collection module in response to the temperature sensor being in an operating state, the method further includes:
and when the temperature of the test sample is higher than 80 ℃, cooling the test sample to keep the temperature of the test sample below 80 ℃.
In one possible implementation, the weather data includes, but is not limited to, one or more of wind speed and direction data, rain volume data, ambient temperature and humidity data, condensation data, and barometric pressure data.
The beneficial effects that this application provided technical scheme brought include at least:
the transmission box is rotatably connected with the top of the connecting column, and the transmission box is hinged with the supporting frame through the rotating shaft, so that double-shaft tracking movement of the test system is realized, and further, when the sun tracking sensor works, the incident angle of sunlight relative to the sample aging module is zero, and the maximum utilization rate of outdoor irradiation energy is realized;
by the arrangement of the data acquisition unit, acquisition and monitoring of meteorological data, full-wave band irradiation quantity before condensation, ultraviolet band irradiation quantity before condensation, full-wave band irradiation quantity after condensation, ultraviolet band irradiation quantity after condensation, temperature of a test sample and dust shielding rate on the surface of the test sample are realized;
by the test method applied to the test system, the natural aging process of the photovoltaic material is completely simulated, the aging resistance of the photovoltaic material is accurately judged, the aging acceleration efficiency is improved, and the illumination acceleration of 5 times of normal outdoor irradiation is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the application and together with the embodiments of the application, and not constitute a limitation to the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic material outdoor demonstration accelerated aging test system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sample burn-in module of a photovoltaic material outdoor demonstration accelerated burn-in test system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 illustrates a connection block diagram of a data acquisition unit of a photovoltaic material outdoor verification accelerated aging test system provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 illustrates a test method flow chart of a photovoltaic material based outdoor demonstration accelerated aging test system provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of another testing method for a photovoltaic material based outdoor demonstration accelerated aging testing system provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
in the figure:
1. an outdoor demonstration accelerated aging test system for photovoltaic materials;
11. a base; 12. a connecting column; 13. a transmission box; 14. a rotating shaft; 15. a support frame; 16. a sample aging module;
161. a Fresnel lens; 162. mounting an aluminum plate on a sample; 163. testing the sample; 164. an adjustable bracket;
1641. fresnel lens rims; 1642. a lens frame connector; 1643. a first slide bar; 1644. a second slide bar; 1645. a third slide bar; 1646. sliding the adjusting piece;
3. a data acquisition unit;
31. a power module; 32. a data acquisition module; 33. a sun tracking sensor; 34. a temperature sensor; 35. a weather sensor; 36. a first full band irradiance sensor; 37. a first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor; 38. a second full band irradiance sensor; 39. a second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor; 310. a computer; 311. dust shields the sensor.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The present application is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
First, the terms involved in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described:
the Fresnel lens, also called a threaded lens, is mostly made of thin sheets formed by injection molding of polyolefin materials, and also made of glass, one surface of the lens is a smooth surface, and concentric circles from small to large are inscribed on the other surface of the lens, and the textures of the Fresnel lens are designed according to the interference and interference of light and the requirements of relative sensitivity and receiving angle.
The sun tracking sensor is a sensor capable of tracking the azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the sun, so that the transmission box drives the sample aging module on the support frame to move along with the sun through the rotating shaft, and the incident angle of the sunlight relative to the sample aging module is zero.
The temperature sensor is a sensor capable of sensing temperature and converting the temperature into a usable output signal, is a core part of a temperature measuring instrument, has various varieties, can be divided into two main types of contact type and non-contact type according to a measuring mode, and is divided into two types of thermal resistors and thermocouples according to characteristics of sensor materials and electronic elements.
The full-band irradiance sensor is used for detecting the full-band (namely all the light electromagnetic waves) irradiance.
An ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, a sensor for detecting ultraviolet (i.e., ultraviolet) band irradiance.
Weather sensors for detecting sensors including, but not limited to, one or more of wind speed and direction data, rain data, ambient temperature and humidity data, condensation data, and barometric pressure data.
The dust shielding sensor is used for detecting and monitoring the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an outdoor verification accelerated aging testing system for photovoltaic materials according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, where the testing system 1 includes a base 11, a connection post 12, a transmission box 13, a rotation shaft 14, a support frame 15, and at least one set of sample aging modules 16, the connection post 12 is connected to the base 11, the transmission box 13 is rotatably connected to the top of the connection post 12, the transmission box 13 is hinged to the support frame 15 through the rotation shaft 14, and the at least one set of sample aging modules 16 are mounted on the support frame 15.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sample burn-in module of a photovoltaic material outdoor proof accelerated burn-in system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, wherein the sample burn-in module 16 includes a Fresnel lens 161, a sample mounting aluminum plate 162, a test sample 163, and an adjustable support 164, the Fresnel lens 161 is positioned on top of the adjustable support 164, the sample mounting aluminum plate 162 is positioned below the Fresnel lens 161, and the test sample 163 is positioned on the sample mounting aluminum plate 162; the adjustable bracket 164 includes a fresnel lens frame 1641, a lens frame connector 1642, a first slide bar 1643, a second slide bar 1644, a third slide bar 1645, and a slide adjustment tab 1646, the fresnel lens 161 is fixed in the fresnel lens frame 1641, and four corners of the fresnel lens frame 1641 are reinforced and fixed by four sets of lens frame connectors 1642; the two ends of the second slide bar 1644 are connected with a sliding adjusting piece 1646, the first end of the second slide bar 1644 is connected with the bottom of the Fresnel lens frame 1641 in a sliding manner, and the second end of the second slide bar 1644 is connected with the first slide bar 1643 in a sliding manner; the first slide bar 1643 is parallel to the fresnel lens frame 1641, and the first slide bar 1643 is perpendicular to the second slide bar 1644; the sample mounting aluminum plate 162 is fixed below the Fresnel lens 161 through a third slide bar 1645, the sample mounting aluminum plate 162 is parallel and coaxial with the Fresnel lens 161, the sample mounting aluminum plate 162 is in sliding connection with the third slide bar 1645, and two ends of the third slide bar 1645 are in sliding connection with the second slide bar 1644.
FIG. 3 shows a connection block diagram of a data acquisition unit of a photovoltaic material outdoor evidence accelerated aging test system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the test system 1 further includes a data acquisition unit 3, the data acquisition unit 3 includes a power module 31, a data acquisition module 32, a solar tracking sensor 33, a temperature sensor 34, a weather sensor 35, a first full-band irradiance sensor 36, a first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor 37, a second full-band irradiance sensor 38, a second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor 39, and a computer 310, the solar tracking sensor 33, the weather sensor 35, the first full-band irradiance sensor 36, and the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor 37 are mounted on an adjustable support 164; the second full band irradiance sensor 38 and the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor 39 are mounted on the sample mounting aluminum plate 162; the temperature sensor 34 is mounted on the back of the test sample 163; the power module 31 is connected with the data acquisition module 32 and the transmission box 13; the transmission box 13, the sun tracking sensor 33, the temperature sensor 34, the weather sensor 35, the first full-band irradiance sensor 36, the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor 37, the second full-band irradiance sensor 38 and the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor 39 are all in communication connection with the data acquisition module 32; the data acquisition module 32 is communicatively coupled to a computer 310.
The connecting post 12 has a first driving motor therein for driving the transmission box 13 to rotate; the transmission box 13 is internally provided with a second driving motor which is used for driving the rotating shaft 14 to drive the supporting frame 15 to rotate; the first and second drive motors are powered by a power module 31.
In the embodiment of the application, the number of the sample aging modules 16 is 8 groups, and the sample aging modules are arranged on the supporting frame 15 in a shape of a Chinese character kou; through the arrangement of 8 groups of sample aging modules, namely 8 large-size Fresnel lenses are arranged to form 3 times of illumination intensity, and the biaxial movement of the test system is arranged, so that the test sample and sunlight always keep the optimal incident angle, and the maximum irradiation intensity is received to realize 2 times of accelerated aging effect; therefore, the illumination acceleration of 5 times of normal outdoor irradiation is realized.
In the embodiment of the application, the adjustable bracket 164 is slidably connected with the bottom of the fresnel lens frame 1641 through the first end of the second slide bar 1644, the second end of the second slide bar 1644 is slidably connected with the first slide bar 1643, the two ends of the third slide bar 1645 are slidably connected with the second slide bar 1644, and the sample mounting aluminum plate 162 is slidably connected with the third slide bar 1645, so that the sample mounting aluminum plate 162 with different sizes can be flexibly configured according to the number and the sizes of the test samples 163 is realized.
In the present embodiment, the first full band irradiance sensor 36 and the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor 37 are mounted on the fresnel lens bezel 1641.
In the embodiment of the application, through the rotatable connection of the transmission box 13 and the top of the connecting column 12 and the hinged connection of the transmission box 13 and the supporting frame 15 through the rotating shaft 14, the dual-axis tracking motion of the test system 1 is realized, and then when the sun tracking sensor 33 works, the incident angle of sunlight relative to the sample aging module 16 is enabled to be zero, so that the maximum utilization rate of outdoor irradiation energy is realized.
In the embodiment of the application, through the arrangement of the data acquisition unit 3, acquisition and monitoring of meteorological data, full-wave band irradiation quantity before condensation, ultraviolet band irradiation quantity before condensation, full-wave band irradiation quantity after condensation, ultraviolet band irradiation quantity after condensation, temperature of a test sample and dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample are realized.
Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a testing method of an outdoor verification accelerated aging testing system based on a photovoltaic material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, where the method is applied to the above-mentioned outdoor verification accelerated aging testing system of a photovoltaic material, and the method includes the following steps:
step 401, preparing a test sample.
In the embodiment of the application, the test sample is a photovoltaic material sample for outdoor accelerated aging, and the types, the numbers and the sizes of the photovoltaic material samples are different according to the test requirements.
Step 402, packaging the test sample.
In this application embodiment, as the core component in the photovoltaic system of photovoltaic module, the merits of its quality will seriously influence photovoltaic system's generated energy and life-span, and only raw and other materials select correctly, and raw and other materials match best, and packaging technology is good, can make crystalline silicon cell piece safe and stable, guarantees photovoltaic module good long-term power generation performance, consequently need encapsulate the test sample before carrying out outdoor exposure ageing test.
In step 403, the test sample is placed on a sample mounting aluminum plate for outdoor exposure and aging testing.
In this application embodiment, adjustable support passes through the first end and the bottom sliding connection of fresnel lens frame of second slide bar, the second end and the first slide bar sliding connection of second slide bar, the both ends and the second slide bar sliding connection of third slide bar to and sample installation aluminum plate and third slide bar sliding connection's setting, has realized can be according to the quantity and the nimble sample installation aluminum plate that disposes the size difference of size of test sample.
And step 404, performing ageing resistance test on the test sample in response to the test period of the outdoor exposure ageing test reaching the preset irradiation period threshold.
In this embodiment of the present application, the preset irradiation period threshold refers to an irradiation test period preset by the testing party. Alternatively, the irradiation test period is one of including, but not limited to, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years.
In the embodiment of the application, after the test period of the outdoor exposure and aging test reaches the preset irradiation period threshold, the test party takes down the test sample after the test is completed from the test system, and the laboratory equipment is used for testing the ageing resistance of the test sample, wherein the ageing resistance comprises one or more of mechanical property test, breakdown voltage test, yellowing index test, water vapor transmittance test, transmissivity test, reflectivity test, infrared spectrum test and SEM morphology observation test.
The mechanical properties mainly refer to macroscopic properties of materials, such as elastic properties, plastic properties, hardness, impact resistance and the like, which are the main basis for selecting materials when designing various engineering structures, and the mechanical properties of various engineering materials are measured by corresponding test equipment and instruments according to methods and procedures specified by related standards, and various parameters representing the mechanical properties of the materials are related to a series of internal and external factors such as chemical compositions, crystal lattices, grain sizes, external force characteristics (static force, power, impact force and the like), temperature, processing modes and the like of the materials.
The breakdown voltage is mainly suitable for testing the breakdown strength and the withstand voltage time of solid insulating materials (such as mediums of plastics, rubber, films, resins, mica, ceramics, glass, insulating paint and the like) under power frequency voltage or direct current voltage.
The yellowing index is the difference between the initial value of a material and the value after a yellowing test, and is generally a test for obtaining the yellowing degree of the material through thermal oxidation aging or photo-oxidation aging.
The water vapor transmission rate actually includes both the water vapor transmission rate and the water vapor transmission coefficient, and the meaning of these two meanings is also different, but can be used to indicate the ability of water vapor to transmit through a certain material. The water vapor transmission rate represents the weight of the water vapor transmission material under the conditions of a certain time, a certain temperature and a certain humidity, and the water vapor transmission rate is a standard value of the water vapor transmission rate converted by a coefficient and corresponds to the standard unit for comparison among different test results.
Transmittance, which is the emission phenomenon of incident light after passing through an object through refraction, is a transparent or semitransparent body, such as glass, color filters, etc., and if the transparent body is colorless, most of the light is transmitted through the object except for a small amount of light, and in order to represent the degree of transmission of the light by the transparent body, the light transmission property of the object is generally represented by the ratio of the transmitted light flux to the incident light flux, which is called light transmittance.
The reflectivity, which is the percentage of the total radiation energy reflected by an object, is called reflectivity, and the reflectivity of different objects is also different, which mainly depends on the properties (surface conditions) of the object itself, as well as the wavelength and the incidence angle of the incident electromagnetic wave, and the range of the reflectivity is always less than or equal to 1, so that the properties of the object can be judged by using the reflectivity.
Infrared spectrum testing refers to the analysis of molecular structure and chemical composition by using the absorption characteristics of substances to infrared radiation with different wavelengths through an infrared spectrometer.
SEM topography observation, scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which is an observation means between transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy, uses a focused very narrow high-energy electron beam to scan a sample, excites various physical information through the interaction between the beam and the substance, and collects, amplifies and re-images the information to achieve the purpose of representing the microscopic topography of the substance; the resolution of the novel scanning electron microscope can reach 1nm; the magnification can reach 30 ten thousand times or more and is continuously adjustable; the depth of field is large, the visual field is large, and the imaging stereoscopic effect is good; in addition, the scanning electron microscope and other analysis instruments are combined, so that the micro-region component analysis of the substance can be performed while the micro-morphology is observed.
Step 405, determining ageing resistance parameters of the test sample based on the ageing resistance test of the test sample.
In the embodiment of the application, the ageing resistance of the test sample is tested by laboratory equipment to obtain one or more of mechanical property test parameters, breakdown voltage test parameters, yellowing index test parameters, water vapor transmittance test parameters, reflectivity test parameters, infrared spectrum test parameters and SEM morphology observation test parameters. Finally, the ageing resistance of the photovoltaic material test sample is evaluated based on the ageing resistance parameters.
For a better understanding of the present application, the present application will be further described with reference to the drawings and one specific embodiment. It should be noted that the embodiments described in this specific embodiment are only some embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the scope of protection of the present application. Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of another testing method based on the photovoltaic material outdoor evidence accelerated aging testing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application, where the method is applied to the photovoltaic material outdoor evidence accelerated aging testing system, and the method includes the following steps:
step 501, a first material die, a second material die, and a laminate are prepared.
In the embodiment of the application, the first material bare chip is used for mechanical property test, 10 longitudinal samples are respectively prepared in one direction, and the tensile sample strip is ensured to be well stored on the 150mm 300mm material bare chip; the second material bare chip is used for testing breakdown voltage, yellowing index, water vapor transmittance, transmissivity, reflectivity, infrared spectrum, SEM morphology observation and the like; the laminates were used for appearance and yellowing index testing, the irradiated face being a glass face. The first material bare chip and the second material bare chip are respectively tested by the back board surface and the EVA surface when being exposed. EVA refers to a thermosetting adhesive film for a photovoltaic cell packaging adhesive film (EVA), and is used for being placed in the middle of laminated glass (EVA is short for Ethylene Vinyl Acetate).
Step 502, packaging the test sample, and placing the test sample on a sample mounting aluminum plate for outdoor exposure and aging test.
In the embodiment of the application, the packaging modes of the first material bare chip and the second material bare chip are consistent, the outdoor exposure is divided into a backboard face and an EVA face, and the number of test samples on each face is 4 (2 first material bare chips and 2 second material bare chips); the test sample is placed on a 300 mm-300 mm sample mounting aluminum plate (the first material bare chip can be stuck on one sample mounting aluminum plate by two pieces, but the safety of the test sample is ensured), and the periphery of the test sample is sealed by a reflective aluminum adhesive tape; the irradiation surface is a test sample of the back plate surface, and the EVA surface is arranged on a sample mounting aluminum plate; the irradiated side was the EVA side of the test sample, and the back plate side was placed on the sample mounting aluminum plate.
In the embodiment of the application, 3 laminated pieces for testing are prepared by laminating according to actual packaging conditions of products, battery pieces are added in the laminated pieces, and the glass is made of ultrawhite embossed glass: the thickness is 3.2mm, and the transmittance is more than 91.5% at the wave band of 380nm-1100 nm; EVA adhesive film for packaging photovoltaic module: the surface is flat, crease-free, stain-free, visible impurity-free, bubble-free and clear in embossing; the crosslinking degree is more than or equal to 75.0 percent.
In step 503, in response to the sun tracking sensor being in an operating state, the data acquisition module controls the driving box to operate, so that the testing system changes along with the change of the azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the sun, and the incident angle of the sunlight relative to the sample aging module is zero.
And step 504, in response to the weather sensor being in an operating state, collecting weather data through a data collecting module.
In embodiments of the present application, the meteorological data includes, but is not limited to, one or more of wind speed and direction data, rainfall data, ambient temperature and humidity data, condensation data, and barometric pressure data.
And 505, in response to the first full-band irradiance sensor being in an operating state, acquiring the full-band irradiance before condensation by a data acquisition module.
In the embodiment of the application, the light condensation is indicated as meaning that the light is not condensed by the fresnel lens, so the first full-band irradiance sensor is mounted on the fresnel lens frame.
And step 506, in response to the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor being in an operating state, acquiring the irradiation amount of the ultraviolet band before condensation through a data acquisition module.
In the embodiment of the application, before condensing, the meaning that light is not condensed by the fresnel lens is indicated, so the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor is mounted on the fresnel lens frame.
And step 507, in response to the second full-band irradiance sensor being in a working state, collecting the condensed full-band irradiance through the data collection module.
In the embodiment of the present application, the light is condensed by the fresnel lens, so the second full-band irradiance sensor is mounted on the sample mounting aluminum plate.
And step 508, in response to the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor being in an operating state, collecting the concentrated ultraviolet band irradiance through the data collection module.
In the embodiment of the present application, the light is condensed by the fresnel lens, so the second ultraviolet irradiance sensor is mounted on the sample mounting aluminum plate.
Step 509, in response to the temperature sensor being in an operating state, acquiring, by the data acquisition module, a temperature of the test sample.
In the embodiment of the application, the temperature sensor comprises two measuring modules, namely a thermocouple and a thermal resistor, wherein the single thermocouple temperature module is 8 independent channels, and the single thermal resistor temperature module is 6 independent channels.
In the embodiment of the application, when the temperature of the test sample is higher than 80 ℃, the test sample is cooled, so that the temperature of the test sample is kept below 80 ℃. Optionally, the sample mounting aluminum plate can be additionally provided with a water circulation or air cooling module for cooling.
And 510, responding to the working state of the dust shielding sensor, and monitoring the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample through a data acquisition module.
In the embodiment of the application, when the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample is greater than 5%, the test sample is cleaned.
In step 511, in response to the test period of the outdoor exposure aging test reaching the preset irradiation period threshold, the aging resistance test is performed on the test sample.
In the embodiment of the application, after the test period of the outdoor exposure and aging test reaches the preset irradiation period threshold, the test party takes down the test sample after the test is completed from the test system, and the laboratory equipment is used for testing the ageing resistance of the test sample, wherein the ageing resistance comprises one or more of mechanical property test, breakdown voltage test, yellowing index test, water vapor transmittance test, transmissivity test, reflectivity test, infrared spectrum test and SEM morphology observation test.
In the embodiment of the application, the preset irradiation period threshold is 1 year, and in the test period, outdoor testers perform appearance inspection for 1 month, take photos and record, and if obvious change exists, the scheme is adjusted.
Step 512, determining the aging resistance parameter of the test sample based on the aging resistance test of the test sample.
In the embodiment of the application, the ageing resistance of the test sample is tested by laboratory equipment to obtain one or more of mechanical property test parameters, breakdown voltage test parameters, yellowing index test parameters, water vapor transmittance test parameters, reflectivity test parameters, infrared spectrum test parameters and SEM morphology observation test parameters. Finally, the ageing resistance of the photovoltaic material test sample is evaluated based on the ageing resistance parameters. Wherein the mechanical property test comprises a tensile strength test and an elongation at break test.
It should be noted that the data acquisition module adopts RS485 communication, and can be extended in parallel on the same bus network structure, and at most 32 different modules can be connected in parallel.
In summary, through the rotatable connection of the transmission box and the top of the connecting column and the arrangement of the hinged connection of the transmission box and the supporting frame through the rotating shaft, the double-shaft tracking motion of the test system is realized, so that when the sun tracking sensor works, the incident angle of sunlight relative to the sample aging module is zero, and the maximum utilization rate of outdoor irradiation energy is realized;
by the arrangement of the data acquisition unit, acquisition and monitoring of meteorological data, full-wave band irradiation quantity before condensation, ultraviolet band irradiation quantity before condensation, full-wave band irradiation quantity after condensation, ultraviolet band irradiation quantity after condensation, temperature of a test sample and dust shielding rate on the surface of the test sample are realized;
by the test method applied to the test system, the natural aging process of the photovoltaic material is completely simulated, the aging resistance of the photovoltaic material is accurately judged, the aging acceleration efficiency is improved, and the illumination acceleration of 5 times of normal outdoor irradiation is realized.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications and variations can be made thereto without departing from the principles of the present application, and such modifications and variations are to be regarded as being within the scope of the application.
Claims (8)
1. The testing method is characterized in that the testing method is applied to the photovoltaic material outdoor evidence accelerated aging testing system, the testing system comprises a base, a connecting column, a transmission box, a rotating shaft, a supporting frame and at least one group of sample aging modules, the connecting column is connected to the base, the transmission box is rotatably connected with the top of the connecting column, the transmission box is hinged with the supporting frame through the rotating shaft, and the at least one group of sample aging modules are installed on the supporting frame;
the sample aging module comprises a Fresnel lens, a sample mounting aluminum plate, a test sample and an adjustable bracket, wherein the Fresnel lens is positioned at the top of the adjustable bracket, the sample mounting aluminum plate is positioned below the Fresnel lens, and the test sample is arranged on the sample mounting aluminum plate;
the test system further comprises a data acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit comprises a power supply module, a data acquisition module, a sun tracking sensor, a temperature sensor, a weather sensor, a first full-band irradiance sensor, a first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, a second full-band irradiance sensor, a second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor and a computer, and the sun tracking sensor, the weather sensor, the first full-band irradiance sensor and the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor are arranged on the adjustable bracket; the second full-band irradiance sensor and the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor are mounted on the sample mounting aluminum plate; the temperature sensor is arranged on the back surface of the test sample; the power module is connected with the data acquisition module and the transmission box; the transmission box, the sun tracking sensor, the temperature sensor, the weather sensor, the first full-wave band irradiance sensor, the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, the second full-wave band irradiance sensor and the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor are all in communication connection with the data acquisition module; the data acquisition module is in communication connection with the computer;
the data acquisition unit further comprises a dust shielding sensor, wherein the dust shielding sensor is arranged on the sample mounting aluminum plate, and the dust shielding sensor is in communication connection with the data acquisition module;
placing the test sample on the sample mounting aluminum plate for outdoor exposure and aging testing, and further comprising: monitoring the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample through the data acquisition module in response to the dust shielding sensor being in a working state;
the responding to the dust shielding sensor in a working state monitors the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample through the data acquisition module, and comprises the following steps: when the dust shielding rate of the surface of the test sample is more than 5%, cleaning the test sample;
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a test sample;
packaging the test sample;
placing the test sample on the sample mounting aluminum plate for outdoor exposure and aging test;
responding to the test period of the outdoor exposure aging test reaching a preset irradiation period threshold value, and performing aging resistance test on the test sample;
and determining the ageing resistance parameter of the test sample based on the ageing resistance test of the test sample.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said placing said test sample on said sample mounting aluminum plate for outdoor weathering testing comprises:
responding to the working state of the sun tracking sensor, controlling the transmission box to work through the data acquisition module, enabling the testing system to change along with the change of the azimuth angle and the altitude angle of the sun, and realizing the zero incident angle of the sunlight relative to the sample aging module;
responding to the working state of the meteorological sensor, and acquiring meteorological data through the data acquisition module;
responding to the working state of the first full-wave band irradiance sensor, and acquiring full-wave band irradiation quantity before condensation through the data acquisition module;
responding to the working state of the first ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, and collecting the irradiation quantity of the ultraviolet band before condensation through the data collection module;
responding to the working state of the second full-wave band irradiance sensor, and collecting the full-wave band irradiation quantity after condensation through the data collection module;
responding to the working state of the second ultraviolet band irradiance sensor, and collecting the irradiation quantity of the concentrated ultraviolet band through the data collecting module;
and responding to the working state of the temperature sensor, and acquiring the temperature of the test sample through the data acquisition module.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing the aging resistance test on the test sample in response to the test period of the outdoor insolation aging test reaching a preset irradiation period threshold comprises:
and in response to the test period of the outdoor exposure aging test reaching a preset irradiation period threshold, performing one or more of mechanical property test, breakdown voltage test, yellowing index test, water vapor transmittance test, reflectivity test, infrared spectrum test and SEM morphology observation test on the test sample.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the preset irradiation period threshold is one year; the mechanical property test comprises a tensile strength test and an elongation at break test.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing the test sample comprises:
a first material die, a second material die, and a laminate are prepared.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said encapsulating said test sample comprises:
and sealing the periphery of the test sample by using a reflective aluminum adhesive tape.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein after the temperature of the test sample is collected by the data collection module in response to the temperature sensor being in an operational state, further comprising:
and when the temperature of the test sample is higher than 80 ℃, cooling the test sample to keep the temperature of the test sample below 80 ℃.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the meteorological data includes, but is not limited to, one or more of wind speed and direction data, rainfall data, ambient temperature and humidity data, condensation data, and barometric pressure data.
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