CN112050289A - Protection method for preventing damage of water hammer of heat exchange unit - Google Patents
Protection method for preventing damage of water hammer of heat exchange unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112050289A CN112050289A CN201910483937.1A CN201910483937A CN112050289A CN 112050289 A CN112050289 A CN 112050289A CN 201910483937 A CN201910483937 A CN 201910483937A CN 112050289 A CN112050289 A CN 112050289A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010063955 thrombin receptor peptide (42-47) Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B11/00—Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heating engineering heat exchange, and particularly relates to a protection method for preventing damage of a water hammer of a heat exchange unit. The measuring unit monitors the vibration value of the vibration measuring point in real time, the control unit analyzes and judges the vibration value of the heat exchanger unit, when the vibration value of the vibration measuring point is monitored to be within the range of [ alpha, beta ], the control unit judges that the heat exchanger unit has the risk of water hammer generation, and at the moment, the control unit sends an instruction to open the electric regulating valve to quickly discharge condensed water and eliminate the risk of water hammer generation; meanwhile, the alarm unit alarms to warn workers of the risk of water hammer occurrence; and after the water hammer risk is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve is closed, the alarm is relieved at the same time, and the event is recorded. The invention can prevent and eliminate the water hammer phenomenon generated in the steam-water heat exchange process of the heat exchange unit, reduce the safety risk of the unit, reduce the economic loss caused by the water hammer and ensure the safe and stable operation of heat exchange equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heating engineering heat exchange, and particularly relates to a protection method for preventing damage of a water hammer of a heat exchange unit.
Background
The heat exchange station is used as a hub of central heating and plays an important role in heating in winter. And the heat exchange unit in the heat exchange station plays a role in energy transfer and is a link which cannot be lost in central heating. A common heat exchanger unit is a steam-water direct-mixing plate heat exchanger unit (hereinafter referred to as a heat exchanger unit).
Steam enters the heat exchange unit from a primary network steam pipeline of the heat exchange unit, exchanges heat with heating circulating water in the heat exchange unit, loses heat after the steam exchanges heat to become condensed water, and is discharged to a condensed water tank from a condensed water pipeline; heating circulating water enters the heat exchange unit from the secondary network water return pipeline (meanwhile, a condensed water tank supplies part of condensed water to the heating circulating water), and the heating circulating water flows out from the secondary network water supply pipeline after obtaining heat, so that a user can heat the heating circulating water.
In the heat exchanger unit course of operation, the water hammer phenomenon very easily takes place for the comdenstion water that steam generated, and steam gets into heat exchanger unit back and the heat exchange of heating circulating water, and steam can lose a large amount of heats this moment to take place the condensation at heat exchanger unit once and form the comdenstion water, in this moment, also can take place the condensation after steam meets the comdenstion water and turn into the comdenstion water again. In steam generation condensation process, the steam volume can sharply contract 526 times to at the inside vacuum space that forms of heat exchanger group, along with going on of heat transfer process, the comdenstion water can be inhaled and lead to the comdenstion water to form the surge and strike each other in this vacuum space, and the comdenstion water at this moment can carry huge kinetic energy striking heat exchanger group inside board wall, and violently strike condenser pipe along condenser pipe, thereby causes the water hammer phenomenon.
Once the water hammer phenomenon occurs, the heat exchange unit and the condensed water pipeline can be vibrated violently and accompanied by larger impact sound. If the phenomenon can not be eliminated in time, accidents such as damage of the heat exchange unit, tearing of a condensed water pipeline, steam leakage and the like can be caused, and the heat exchange station is stopped. The water hammer not only can greatly increase the maintenance and shutdown time of equipment and a system, but also can seriously affect the normal production to cause economic loss for enterprises, and can cause major safety accidents to cause personal injury to personnel.
The water hammer is eliminated by only discharging the condensed water in the heat exchange unit and the condensed water pipeline in time. The common water hammer eliminating mode of the steam system is to install a steam trap which can automatically discharge condensed water in the steam system and simultaneously prevent steam leakage to the maximum extent. However, the use of steam traps to eliminate water hammer has the following disadvantages:
1. drainage is unreliable. Condensate cannot be reliably drained by the steam trap, and cannot be drained when the pressure at the rear end of the steam trap is greater than the pressure at the front end (i.e., the pressure in the steam space in the heat exchanger unit is less than or equal to the pressure at the rear end of the steam trap), and a water hammer is formed due to the fact that the condensate cannot be drained when the steam trap fails.
2. The water hammer is not eliminated in time. The drainage quantity of the steam trap in unit time has a certain limit, and when a large amount of condensed water is generated in a short time by the heat exchange unit, the steam trap cannot discharge a large amount of condensed water in time; when the heat exchanger unit generates water hammer, the steam trap can not discharge condensed water rapidly, and the water hammer can be continuously damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a protection method for preventing the damage of a water hammer of a heat exchange unit, which can prevent and eliminate the water hammer phenomenon generated in the steam-water heat exchange process of the heat exchange unit, reduce the safety risk of the unit, reduce the economic loss caused by the water hammer and ensure the safe and stable operation of heat exchange equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a protection method for preventing water hammer damage of a heat exchange unit comprises the following steps:
firstly, water vapor enters a heat exchange unit and generates condensed water after heat exchange, so that severe vibration of the heat exchange unit is caused; selecting an outlet of a condensate pipeline of the heat exchange unit as a vibration measuring point; the measuring unit is arranged on the vibration measuring point and can convert the vibration condition caused by the water hammer into a standard analog quantity signal for output;
secondly, under the condition of normal operation of the heat exchange unit, the condensed water is slowly discharged to a condensed water tank through a steam trap; a bypass pipeline is arranged beside the condensed water pipeline provided with the steam trap and is used for installing an electric regulating valve;
the measuring unit monitors the vibration value of the vibration measuring point in real time, the control unit analyzes and judges the vibration value of the heat exchanger unit, when the vibration value of the vibration measuring point is monitored to be in the range of alpha and beta, the control unit judges that the heat exchanger unit has the risk of water hammer generation, and at the moment, the control unit sends an instruction to open the electric regulating valve to quickly discharge condensed water and eliminate the risk of water hammer generation; meanwhile, the alarm unit alarms to warn workers of the risk of water hammer occurrence; after the risk of the water hammer is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve is closed, the alarm is relieved at the same time, and the event is recorded;
the measuring unit monitors the vibration value of the vibration measuring point in real time, the control unit analyzes and judges the vibration value of the heat exchange unit, and when the vibration value of the vibration measuring point is monitored to be within a (beta, infinity) range, the control unit judges that the water hammer occurs in the heat exchange unit and synchronously sends three instructions: opening the electric regulating valve to quickly discharge condensed water; the temperature control regulating valve is closed, the water vapor supply is cut off, and the continuous production of condensed water is eliminated from the source; the alarm unit alarms; and after the water hammer is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve is closed, the temperature control regulating valve is opened, the alarm is relieved at the same time, and the event is recorded.
When the heat exchange unit normally operates, a certain vibration value upper limit alpha is provided, when a water hammer is about to occur, the vibration value measured by a vibration measuring point is increased compared with alpha, but the upper limit of the vibration value is not more than beta; if the water hammer occurs, the vibration value measured by the vibration measuring point is larger than beta; alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to beta.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
(1) pre-water hammering occurs. The control unit is used for analyzing the vibration value, the possibility of water hammer occurrence is judged in advance, and the execution unit is used for carrying out equipment linkage to open the electric regulating valve to accelerate the condensate water discharge speed, so that the possibility of water hammer occurrence is eliminated.
(2) The effect of eliminating the water hammer is reliable. Because the noise in the heat exchange station is high, a user cannot find the water hammer at the first time, the water hammer can be found only when the heat exchange unit, the pipeline, the valve and the like vibrate violently and make a loud sound, and the system can be positioned at the edge to be damaged or damaged at the moment, for the former, the service life of equipment is greatly shortened, and the safety risk of the equipment is increased invisibly; in the latter case, the heat exchange equipment has been damaged, with direct economic losses and shutdown of the heat exchange plant. By adopting the method, the vibration condition of the heat exchanger unit can be monitored in real time, the water hammer can be found at the first time, the automatic elimination of the water hammer can be realized, and the whole process does not need manual participation.
(3) Eliminating water hammer in time. The electric control valve is used for discharging the condensed water in the water hammer eliminating method, and when the electric control valve is fully opened, the condensed water can be rapidly discharged out of the heat exchange unit and the condensed water pipeline, so that the water hammer is eliminated in time.
(4) The energy-saving effect is obvious. In the method for eliminating the water hammer, an electric regulating valve used for eliminating the water hammer is closed under the normal condition, and a steam trap works at the moment; the electric regulating valve is opened only when the water hammer is about to occur or occurs, the working mode prevents steam loss to a great extent, and the energy-saving effect is obvious.
(5) And (4) economic benefits. The method for preventing and eliminating the water hammer is simple and easy to realize, and the equipment is economical in price.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of a heat exchanger unit for preventing water hammer damage;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of water hammer prevention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of water hammer removal;
in the figure: 1. water vapor; 2. a temperature control regulating valve; 3. a condensed water pipeline; 4. measuring vibration points; 5. a measuring unit; 6. a steam trap; 7. an electric control valve; 8. a signal cable; 9. a control unit; 10. and an alarm unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Because the formation of the water hammer always causes the violent vibration of the heat exchange unit, the formation condition of the water hammer is judged by utilizing the vibration value of the heat exchange unit. Meanwhile, all the condensed water flows to the outlet of the condensed water pipeline of the heat exchange unit uniformly, and the outlet is closest to the heat exchange unit, so that the outlet of the condensed water pipeline of the heat exchange unit is used as a vibration measuring point 4, and the vibration value measured by the side vibration point can reflect the vibration condition of the heat exchange unit most.
The heat exchanger unit has certain vibration upper limit alpha when normally operating. When the water hammer is about to happen, the vibration value measured by the vibration measuring point 4 is increased compared with alpha, but the upper limit of the vibration value does not exceed beta. If the water hammer has occurred, the vibration value measured by the vibration measuring point is larger than beta. The method takes the vibration values alpha and beta as the basis for preventing water hammer, and the vibration values satisfy the relationship that alpha is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to beta.
The protection device for preventing the water hammer damage of the heat exchanger unit comprises a control unit 9, a measuring unit 5, a temperature control regulating valve 2, an electric regulating valve 7 and an alarm unit 10, wherein the water hammer damage is prevented and eliminated by adopting closed-loop interlocking control, and a specific method is described by combining a flow chart 2 and a flow chart 3.
(1) Water hammer prevention, vibration value satisfies [ alpha, beta)
As shown in fig. 2, the measuring unit 5 monitors the vibration value at the vibration measuring point 4 in real time, when the vibration value at the vibration measuring point 4 is monitored to be within the range of [ α, β ], the control unit 9 judges that the heat exchanger unit has a risk of water hammer occurrence through analysis, and at the moment, the control unit 9 sends an instruction to open the electric regulating valve 7 to rapidly discharge condensed water, so as to eliminate the risk of water hammer occurrence. Meanwhile, the alarm unit 10 sends an alarm instruction to warn the staff of the risk of water hammer occurrence. After the risk of the water hammer is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve 7 is closed, the alarm is relieved at the same time, and the event is recorded.
(2) Water hammer is eliminated, and vibration value satisfies (beta, infinity)
As shown in fig. 3, the measuring unit 5 monitors the vibration value at the vibration measuring point 4 in real time, and when the vibration value at the vibration measuring point 4 is monitored to be within the range of (β, infinity), the control unit 9 determines the occurrence of water hammer in the heat exchanger unit by analysis, and synchronously sends out three instructions: the electric regulating valve 7 is opened to quickly discharge condensed water; the temperature control regulating valve 2 is closed, the steam supply is cut off, and the condensate water is eliminated from the source and continuously generated; the alarm unit 10 sends out an alarm instruction and gives out an audible and visual alarm in the operation duty room. After the water hammer is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve 7 is closed, the temperature control regulating valve 2 is opened, meanwhile, the alarm is relieved, and the event is recorded.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for protecting a heat exchanger unit against damage of a water hammer of the present invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, the water vapor 1 enters a heat exchange unit to generate condensed water after heat exchange, thereby causing severe vibration of the unit. Selecting 4 as a vibration measuring point, wherein the vibration value of the point is used for reflecting the vibration condition of the whole heat exchange unit; the measuring unit 5 is arranged on the vibration measuring point 4 and can convert the vibration condition caused by the water hammer into a standard analog quantity signal for output.
Secondly, under the condition of normal operation of the heat exchange unit, the condensed water is slowly discharged to a condensed water tank through a steam trap 6. A bypass pipeline is arranged at the side of the condensed water pipeline 3 provided with the steam trap 6 and is used for installing an electric control valve 7.
And thirdly, analyzing and judging the vibration value of the heat exchanger unit by the control unit 9, when the vibration value of the vibration measurement point 4 is monitored to be in the range of [ alpha, beta ], judging that the heat exchanger unit has the risk of water hammer occurrence by the control unit 9, and at the moment, sending an instruction by the control unit 9, opening the electric regulating valve 7 to rapidly discharge the condensate water, and eliminating the risk of water hammer occurrence. Meanwhile, the alarm unit 10 gives an alarm to warn the staff of the risk of water hammer occurrence; after the risk of the water hammer is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve 7 is closed, the alarm is relieved at the same time, and the event is recorded.
The control unit 9 analyzes and judges the vibration value of the heat exchanger unit, when the vibration value of the vibration measurement point 4 is monitored to be in a (beta, infinity) range, the control unit 9 judges the water hammer of the heat exchanger unit, and synchronously sends out three instructions: the electric regulating valve 7 is opened to quickly discharge condensed water; the temperature control regulating valve 2 is closed, the water vapor supply is cut off, and the condensate water is eliminated from the source and continuously generated; the alarm unit 10 alarms. After the water hammer is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve 7 is closed, the temperature control regulating valve 2 is opened, meanwhile, the alarm is relieved, and the event is recorded.
The signal cable 8 is used as a connection route between each device in the system and the control unit 9 to play a vital role, and signals transmitted in the signal cable cannot be interfered a little under the strong electromagnetic interference environment of the heat exchange station in order to ensure the reliable transmission of the signals and the reliable action of the devices.
Because the condition of each heat exchanger unit is different, so each heat exchanger unit vibration value is also different when the water hammer takes place, should fully combine self system condition to carry out statistics summary to heat exchanger unit vibration value when the water hammer takes place when using this patent.
Claims (2)
1. A protection method for preventing water hammer damage of a heat exchange unit is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, water vapor enters a heat exchange unit and generates condensed water after heat exchange, so that severe vibration of the heat exchange unit is caused; selecting an outlet of a condensate pipeline of the heat exchange unit as a vibration measuring point; the measuring unit is arranged on the vibration measuring point and can convert the vibration condition caused by the water hammer into a standard analog quantity signal for output;
secondly, under the condition of normal operation of the heat exchange unit, the condensed water is slowly discharged to a condensed water tank through a steam trap; a bypass pipeline is arranged beside the condensed water pipeline provided with the steam trap and is used for installing an electric regulating valve;
the measuring unit monitors the vibration value of the vibration measuring point in real time, the control unit analyzes and judges the vibration value of the heat exchanger unit, when the vibration value of the vibration measuring point is monitored to be in the range of alpha and beta, the control unit judges that the heat exchanger unit has the risk of water hammer generation, and at the moment, the control unit sends an instruction to open the electric regulating valve to quickly discharge condensed water and eliminate the risk of water hammer generation; meanwhile, the alarm unit alarms to warn workers of the risk of water hammer occurrence; after the risk of the water hammer is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve is closed, the alarm is relieved at the same time, and the event is recorded;
the measuring unit monitors the vibration value of the vibration measuring point in real time, the control unit analyzes and judges the vibration value of the heat exchange unit, and when the vibration value of the vibration measuring point is monitored to be within a (beta, infinity) range, the control unit judges that the water hammer occurs in the heat exchange unit and synchronously sends three instructions: opening the electric regulating valve to quickly discharge condensed water; the temperature control regulating valve is closed, the water vapor supply is cut off, and the continuous production of condensed water is eliminated from the source; the alarm unit alarms; and after the water hammer is eliminated, the vibration value of the heat exchange unit is recovered to be normal, the vibration value meets the relation of [0, beta ], the electric regulating valve is closed, the temperature control regulating valve is opened, the alarm is relieved at the same time, and the event is recorded.
2. The protection method for the heat exchange unit against the damage of the water hammer according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: when the heat exchange unit normally operates, a certain vibration value upper limit alpha is provided, when a water hammer is about to occur, the vibration value measured by a vibration measuring point is increased compared with alpha, but the upper limit of the vibration value is not more than beta; if the water hammer occurs, the vibration value measured by the vibration measuring point is larger than beta; alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to beta.
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Citations (7)
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US4863100A (en) * | 1988-04-04 | 1989-09-05 | Erhardt James A | Electronic flow controller for hydronic heating systems |
JPH02171514A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-07-03 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Hot water feed system |
CN2612850Y (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-04-21 | 吴光忠 | Quick-acting shutdown valve |
JP2006220393A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Water hammering prevention method for deaerator, and boiler feed water device |
CN204841090U (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 常州博瑞电力自动化设备有限公司 | Waterproof hammer impact's filter equipment |
CN107168230A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 上海市水利工程设计研究院有限公司 | Prevent the device and its method for early warning of positive/negative-pressure water hammer based on on-line real time monitoring |
CN108279088A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-13 | 黄佑仲 | Pressure sensor device and pressure capsule system |
-
2019
- 2019-06-05 CN CN201910483937.1A patent/CN112050289B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4863100A (en) * | 1988-04-04 | 1989-09-05 | Erhardt James A | Electronic flow controller for hydronic heating systems |
JPH02171514A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-07-03 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Hot water feed system |
CN2612850Y (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2004-04-21 | 吴光忠 | Quick-acting shutdown valve |
JP2006220393A (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Water hammering prevention method for deaerator, and boiler feed water device |
CN204841090U (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 常州博瑞电力自动化设备有限公司 | Waterproof hammer impact's filter equipment |
CN108279088A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-13 | 黄佑仲 | Pressure sensor device and pressure capsule system |
CN107168230A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-15 | 上海市水利工程设计研究院有限公司 | Prevent the device and its method for early warning of positive/negative-pressure water hammer based on on-line real time monitoring |
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