CN112048657A - 一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金、刃口部件及应用 - Google Patents

一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金、刃口部件及应用 Download PDF

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CN112048657A
CN112048657A CN202010788413.6A CN202010788413A CN112048657A CN 112048657 A CN112048657 A CN 112048657A CN 202010788413 A CN202010788413 A CN 202010788413A CN 112048657 A CN112048657 A CN 112048657A
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王伟毅
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Hangzhou Great Star Tools Co Ltd
Hangzhou Great Star Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于刃口工具技术领域。本发明公开了一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金,其由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得;本发明还公开了一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,其由基体及耐冲击耐磨刃口合金制得的刃口部组成;本发明还公开了一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件的应用,其应用于凿、刀或斧中的一种。本发明中刃口部件的刃口硬度可达58~62HRC,和常规刃口部件相比,其刃口耐冲击能力提升5倍以上,锋利度保持能力提升5倍以上。

Description

一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金、刃口部件及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及刃口工具技术领域,尤其是涉及一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金、刃口部件及应用。
背景技术
木凿、砍刀和斧头等刃口工具,在使用过程中需要承受高冲击力,同时又要保持较高刃口锋利度,在实际使用过程中,木凿等刃口经常出现刃口崩角、刃口较快磨钝等现象 ,实际使用时费力,降低刃口部件的使用寿命。从业人员需要经常停止正常作业来修磨刃口,这无疑增加了工作负担,降低了生产效率。
类似刃口工具的刃口部件常采用高碳钢或者高合金钢材料,虽然采用类似材料能够在一定程度上提升刃口工具的耐用性,但是其不论是锋利度或是耐冲击能力都不能令人满意,目前市面上的品牌刃口工具在凿硬木500次后就出现密集锯齿状小缺口,在凿硬木2000次以后出现严重大缺口,并彻底丧失其使用功能。
针对上述存在的问题,现有技术中也对其进行了一定的改进,现有技术中的改进方式通常采用改变刃口部件形状的方式提高刃口部件的耐冲击性能,但现有技术中的改进也仅仅止步于形状的改进或一定程度的表面处理,虽然其也能够提高耐用性,但是由于未对刃口部件的实质材料进行改进,其提升程度有限,难以大幅提高刃口工具的耐冲击耐磨等耐用性能。
中国专利公告号CN107030813A于2017年8月11日公开了一种木凿刀,其凿刀本体上设置有凸起筋条,凸起筋条凸出于所述凿刀本体的侧表面,限定所述凿刀本体的垂直于长度方向的最大宽度,并且凸起筋条相对于所述长度方向具有切向变化的偏转,从而在长度方向呈波形状,其通过改变木凿刀刃口部件的形状进而提高其刃口部件的使用寿命,但是这样的改进,难以提升耐磨耐冲击性;中国专利公告号CN107904385A于2018年4月13日公开了一种提高切割刀片寿命的工艺方法及其系统,包括:在真空状态下对毛坯工件进行热处理,其具体为在1000℃保温2小时并在300℃下处理4小时后,将工件冷却至30℃,然后再通液氮降温到-160℃并保持12小时进行深冷处理,完成热处理后,通过振动研磨进行研磨完成制造。通过使用本发明一种提高切割刀片寿命的工艺方法及其系统,有效地改善了毛坯工件的热处理工艺,改善工艺后制造出来的割刀片的硬度、强度、以及韧性大大提升,还对加工中的割刀片进行低温冷却,避免在加工时刃口局部瞬间产生高温,防止刃口因高温而发生的烧焦,其结构简单,易于制造、安装,但是这种刃口热处理工艺对于刃口耐用性的提高有限,仅仅适用于不需要大冲击力的刃口刀具,对于需要用于劈砍这类冲击力大的刃口刀具,如斧、凿等,其提升十分有限。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种具有高耐冲击能力和高锋利度保持能力的耐冲击耐磨刃口合金,
本发明还提供了一种由上述合金制得的耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,
本发明还提供了一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金,其由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得:其中钒含量为0.2~10.0wt%,铬含量为0.8~12.0wt%,锆含量为0.2~8.0wt%,铌含量为0.1~6.0wt%。
作为优选,耐冲击耐磨刃口合金中钒含量为0.8~3.0wt%,铬含量为1.0~4.0wt%,锆含量为0.6~2.0wt%,铌含量为0.4~2.0wt%。
作为优选,耐冲击耐磨刃口合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得形成合金。
一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,其由基体及耐冲击耐磨刃口合金制得的刃口部组成。
作为优选,基体由高碳钢或高碳合金钢制得,其中高碳合金钢包括但不限于T8、T12、60CrV、GCr15、CrWMn。
作为优选,耐冲击耐磨刃口部件由按工具尺寸圆棒下料、热锻、机加工、整体热处理、激光熔覆形成刃口部、整体热处理、磨削刃口工艺制成。
作为优选,由激光熔覆形成的刃口部的深度为0.3~6.0mm。
作为优选,由激光熔覆形成的刃口部的深度为0.6~4.0mm。
作为优选,所述刃口部由耐冲击耐磨刃口合金激光熔覆于基体上形成,并且在基体与刃口部之间形成过渡区。
作为优选,激光熔覆形成刃口部后,将耐冲击耐磨刃口部件在真空炉中进行真空淬火,淬火温度为800~1200℃,淬火介质为淬火油、惰性气体中的一种,淬火完成后,将工具毛坯在真空炉中进行真空回火,回火温度为160~600℃,保温时间为2~8小时。
作为优选,淬火介质为氮气。
作为优选,激光熔覆采用的激光器为CO2气体激光器、YAG固体激光器、光纤激光器、DIODE半导体激光器中的一种,激光器功率不小于500W,熔覆时激光头移动速度为1.0~20.0mm/s。
作为优选,激光器为DIODE半导体激光器,激光器功率不小于500W,熔覆时激光头移动速度为1.0~20.0mm/s。
本发明包括一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,以高碳钢、高合金钢(包括但不限于下述T8、T12、60CrV、GCr15、CrWMn等)为基体,采用激光熔覆工艺,在刃口部位熔覆形成一层包含高度弥散分布的耐冲击、高耐磨性碳化物粒子的化合物层,该化合物层与刃口部件基体呈现冶金状态结合,化合物层与基体间有过渡区,通过后续磨削形成工具刃口。刃口部件硬度可达58~62HRC,和常规的木凿相比,刃口耐冲击能力提升5倍以上,锋利度保持能力提高5倍以上,本发明同时适用于斧头、砍刀等冲击力大刃口工具。
一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件的应用,其应用于凿、刀或斧中的一种。
本发明中的刃口部件适用于一切刃口工具中,特别适用于木凿、斧头、砍刀等使用时需要承受大冲击力的工具。
因此,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明中刃口部件的刃口硬度可达58~62HRC,和常规刃口部件相比,其刃口耐冲击能力提升5倍以上,锋利度保持能力提升5倍以上。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中木凿的一种示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1中A处的放大示意图;
图3为本发明实施例2中斧头的一种示意图;
图4为本发明实施例3中砍刀的一种示意图;
图5为对比例1凿硬木结果示意图;
图6为实施例1凿硬木结果示意图;
图7为本发明实施例1与对比例1锋利度对比测试数据图;
图中:基体1,过渡区2,刃口部3。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
总实施例
一种刃口工具,其刃口部件由基体1及由激光熔覆形成的耐冲击耐磨刃口部3组成,在基体与刃口部之间形成过渡区2;由激光熔覆形成刃口部的深度为0.3~6.0mm,更优选的,刃口部的深度为0.6~4.0mm;激光熔覆采用的激光器为CO2气体激光器、YAG固体激光器、光纤激光器、DIODE半导体激光器中的一种,更优选的,采用的激光器为DIODE半导体激光器,激光器功率不小于500W,熔覆时激光头移动速度为1.0~20.0mm/s;连接部形成后,将耐冲击耐磨刃口部件在真空炉中进行真空淬火,淬火温度为800~1200℃,淬火介质为淬火油、惰性气体中的一种,更优选的,淬火介质为氮气,淬火完成后,将工具毛坯在真空炉中进行真空回火,回火温度为160~600℃,保温时间为2~8小时。
其中基体采用高碳合金钢60CrV,刃口部采用的耐冲击耐磨刃口合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁经激光熔覆形成合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得;其中钒含量为0.2~10.0wt%,铬含量为0.8~12.0wt%,锆含量为0.2~8.0wt%,铌含量为0.1~6.0wt%,更优选的,钒含量为0.8~3.0wt%,铬含量为1.0~4.0wt%,锆含量为0.6~2.0wt%,铌含量为0.4~2.0wt%。
实施例1
一种木凿,如图1、2所示,其刃口部件由基体1及由激光熔覆形成的耐冲击耐磨刃口部3组成,在基体与刃口部之间形成过渡区2;由激光熔覆形成刃口部的深度为0.3~0.6mm;基体与刃口部通过激光熔覆熔融连接,并在基体与刃口部之间形成连接部2;激光熔覆采用的激光器为DIODE半导体激光器,激光器功率为500W,熔覆时激光头移动速度为2.0mm/s;连接部形成后,将耐冲击耐磨刃口部件在真空炉中进行真空淬火,淬火温度为800℃,淬火介质为淬火油,淬火完成后,将工具毛坯在真空炉中进行真空回火,回火温度为160℃,保温时间为2小时。
其中基体采用高碳合金钢60CrV,刃口部采用的耐冲击耐磨刃口合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁经激光熔覆形成合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得;其中钒含量为0.8wt%,铬含量为1.0wt%,锆含量为0.6wt%,铌含量为0.4wt%。
实施例2
一种斧头,如图3所示,其刃口部件由基体1及由激光熔覆形成的耐冲击耐磨刃口部3组成,在基体与刃口部之间形成过渡区2;由激光熔覆形成刃口部的深度为2.0~2.3mm;基体与刃口部通过激光熔覆熔融连接,并在基体与刃口部之间形成连接部2;激光熔覆采用的激光器为DIODE半导体激光器,激光器功率为1000W,熔覆时激光头移动速度为10.0mm/s;连接部形成后,将耐冲击耐磨刃口部件在真空炉中进行真空淬火,淬火温度为1000℃,淬火介质为氮气,淬火完成后,将工具毛坯在真空炉中进行真空回火,回火温度为600℃,保温时间为5小时。
其中基体采用高碳合金钢2Cr13,刃口部采用的耐冲击耐磨刃口合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁经激光熔覆形成合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得;其中钒含量为10.0wt%,铬含量为12.0wt%,锆含量为8.0wt%,铌含量为6.0wt%。
实施例3
一种砍刀,如图4所示,其刃口部件由基体1及由激光熔覆形成的耐冲击耐磨刃口部3组成,在基体与刃口部之间形成过渡区2;由激光熔覆形成刃口部的深度为5.5~6.0mm;基体与刃口部通过激光熔覆熔融连接,并在基体与刃口部之间形成连接部2;激光熔覆采用的激光器为CO2气体激光器,激光器功率为1500W,熔覆时激光头移动速度为20.0mm/s;连接部形成后,将耐冲击耐磨刃口部件在真空炉中进行真空淬火,淬火温度为1200℃,淬火介质为淬火油、惰性气体中的一种,更优选的,淬火介质为氮气,淬火完成后,将工具毛坯在真空炉中进行真空回火,回火温度为400℃,保温时间为8小时。
其中基体采用高碳合金钢60CrV,刃口部采用的耐冲击耐磨刃口合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁经激光熔覆形成合金由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得;其中钒含量为3.0wt%,铬含量为4.0wt%,锆含量为2.0wt%,铌含量为2.0wt%。
对比例1
选用市面上行业知名品牌dewalt木凿,具体型号为Dewalt DWHT16859。
对比测试:
1. 硬木砍凿测试:
选用实施例1中的木凿与对比例1中的木凿,分别进行凿硬木测试,分别拍照记录刃口状况并进行对比。
测试结果:
图5中a、b、c、分别为对比例1中木凿刃口原始状态、凿硬木500次及凿硬木2000次时刃口状态照片,由图5可知,在凿硬木500次时,刃口出现密集锯齿状小缺口,凿硬木2,000次后,刃口出现严重的大缺口,丧失使用功能;
图6中a、b、c、分别为实施例1中木凿刃口原始状态、凿硬木5000次及凿硬木10000次时刃口状态照片,由图6可知,在凿硬木10,000次后,新型木凿刃口仍然完好无缺口。
2. 锋利度保持测试:
选用实施例1中的木凿两把,对比例1中的木凿两把进行锋利度保持测试,其中锋利度数值越小,表明木凿刃口越锋利;其中锋利度保持测试方法为木凿砍凿硬木一定次数后测试木凿的锋利度,锋利度测试借鉴YY 0174-2005附录A中手术刀片刃口锋利度试验方法进行测试。
测试结果:
由图7可以得知,对比例1中的木凿在凿硬木500次后,刃口锋利度已接近/超出仪器测试极限(50N),而本发明实施例1中木凿在凿硬木10000次后,锋利度依然保持在30N左右。
应当理解的是,对于本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,而所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金,其特征在于:
其由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得:其中钒含量为0.2~10.0wt%,铬含量为0.8~12.0wt%,锆含量为0.2~8.0wt%,铌含量为0.1~6.0wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金,其特征在于:
其中钒含量为0.8~3.0wt%,铬含量为1.0~4.0wt%,锆含量为0.6~2.0wt%,铌含量为0.4~2.0wt%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种耐冲击耐磨刃口合金,其特征在于:
其由碳化钒、碳化铬、氧化锆、碳化铌及铁制得。
4.一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,其特征在于:
其由基体及如权利要求1或2或3所述的耐冲击耐磨刃口合金制得的刃口部组成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,其特征在于:
所述刃口部的深度为0.3~6.0mm。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,其特征在于:
所述刃口部由耐冲击耐磨刃口合金激光熔覆于基体上制得,并且在基体与刃口部之间形成过渡区。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,其特征在于:
在激光熔覆形成刃口部后,将耐冲击耐磨刃口部件在真空炉中进行真空淬火,淬火温度为800~1200℃,淬火介质为淬火油、惰性气体中的一种,淬火完成后,将工具毛坯在真空炉中进行真空回火,回火温度为160~600℃,保温时间为2~8小时。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,其特征在于:
所述激光熔覆采用的激光器为CO2气体激光器、YAG固体激光器、光纤激光器、DIODE半导体激光器中的一种。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种耐冲击耐磨刃口部件,其特征在于:
所述激光器为DIODE半导体激光器,激光器功率不小于500W,熔覆时激光头移动速度为1.0~20.0mm/s。
10.一种如权利要求4~9任一所述的耐冲击耐磨刃口部件的应用,其特征在于:
其应用于凿、刀或斧中的一种。
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