CN112048273A - Environment-friendly glue and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly glue and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112048273A CN112048273A CN202010989435.9A CN202010989435A CN112048273A CN 112048273 A CN112048273 A CN 112048273A CN 202010989435 A CN202010989435 A CN 202010989435A CN 112048273 A CN112048273 A CN 112048273A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
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Abstract
The invention provides environment-friendly glue and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the environment-friendly glue comprises the following components: 100 parts of AB glue; 0-5 parts of color-carrying color paste; 5-15 parts by weight of an adhesion promoter; the AB glue is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1, glue A and glue B; the adhesive A is bisphenol F type epoxy resin; the B glue comprises: 90-99 wt% of curing agent; the balance of active agent. Compared with the prior art, the environment-friendly glue provided by the invention adopts specific content components without bisphenol A, realizes better interaction, has excellent bonding performance on the basis of meeting the environment-friendly requirement, meets the quality standard used on buttons after various effects and service performance identification, and has good stability of bonding fastness of the finished product combination without falling off and separation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of glue, in particular to environment-friendly glue and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Currently, the AB type adhesives used in the market are mainly bisphenol A type adhesives. Epoxy resin adhesive, which belongs to bisphenol A type material, can cause bisphenol A monomer to exist in solidified colloid due to incomplete crosslinking reaction, pollution in the process of producing finished products and the like, and can remain in bonded products under the action of time, temperature and humidity. Bisphenol a, also known as BPA, is used industrially to synthesize materials such as Polycarbonate (PC) and epoxy resins. Over 2700 million tons of BPA containing plastics and adhesives are produced worldwide each year. BPA can also cause endocrine dyscrasia, threatening the health of fetuses and children; cancer and obesity caused by metabolic disorders are also considered to be associated therewith. The european union considered that the baby bottles containing bisphenol a were induced to precocious ripening, and from 3/2 days 2011, the production of baby bottles containing chemical bisphenol a (bpa) was prohibited.
In recent years, the European Union and foreign clients also make important restrictions on bisphenol A substances related in auxiliary material products, the content is required to be controlled within 1PPM, and meanwhile, a surfactant (AP/APEO) is restricted, so that if the button does not contain the substances, when the ambient humidity is more than 65% RH, serious quality problems such as fogging, water wave and the like can occur in the colloid dripped on the surface of the button. How to overcome the other quality problems existing at present on the basis of reaching the limit standard of the market for bisphenol A becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
At present, bisphenol A epoxy resin AB glue is adopted for production in the process of directly dripping glue on the surface of each product or bonding the product with other materials, and certain risks exist in performance stability and other environmental protection performances, so that each batch of raw material feeding can be used for batch production after the detection of the bonding performance and the environmental protection performance; in performance, particularly when the adhesive is adhered to metal plating and real ceramic objects, separation often occurs, the adhesive force of the glue is not enough, and the falling quality risk occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an environment-friendly glue and a preparation method and application thereof, the environment-friendly glue provided by the invention is free of bisphenol a, meets the environment-friendly requirement, has excellent bonding performance, and meets the quality standard of buttons after various effects and service performance identification.
The invention provides environment-friendly glue, which comprises the following components:
100 parts of AB glue;
0-5 parts of color-carrying color paste;
5-15 parts by weight of an adhesion promoter;
the AB glue is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1, glue A and glue B;
the adhesive A is bisphenol F type epoxy resin;
the B glue comprises:
90-99 wt% of curing agent;
the balance of active agent.
Preferably, the adhesion promoter is methyl acetate.
Preferably, the curing agent consists of a polyether polyol and an isocyanate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of polyether polyol to isocyanate in the curing agent is 49: (41-50).
Preferably, the active agent is the adjuvant TEGO GLIDE DIGAB 1484.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the environment-friendly glue by the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the glue A and the glue B to obtain glue AB; and adding the color-carrying color paste and the adhesion promoter, and uniformly stirring to obtain the environment-friendly glue.
Preferably, the temperature of the mixing is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature for uniform stirring is 20-30 ℃ and the time is 1-10 min.
The invention also provides a use method of the glue, which comprises the following steps:
dripping glue and then curing to obtain a finished product; the glue is the environment-friendly glue in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the curing manner comprises:
baking the mixture in a constant-temperature oven at 50-60 ℃ for 4-6 h for curing, or standing and curing at 20-30 ℃.
The invention provides environment-friendly glue and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the environment-friendly glue comprises the following components: 100 parts of AB glue; 0-5 parts of color-carrying color paste; 5-15 parts by weight of an adhesion promoter; the AB glue is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1, glue A and glue B; the adhesive A is bisphenol F type epoxy resin; the B glue comprises: 90-99 wt% of curing agent; the balance of active agent. Compared with the prior art, the environment-friendly glue provided by the invention adopts specific content components without bisphenol A, realizes better interaction, has excellent bonding performance on the basis of meeting the environment-friendly requirement, meets the quality standard used on buttons after various effects and service performance identification, and has good stability of bonding fastness of the finished product combination without falling off and separation.
In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, mild in condition and suitable for large-scale production and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the effect of dripping colored glue on the surface of a button by using the environment-friendly glue provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a physical example of a bonding test of a resin button and a metal plated part by using the environment-friendly glue provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a real object of a bonding test between a string and a real ceramic part by using the environment-friendly glue provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides environment-friendly glue, which comprises the following components:
100 parts of AB glue;
0-5 parts of color-carrying color paste;
5-15 parts by weight of an adhesion promoter;
the AB glue is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1, glue A and glue B;
the adhesive A is bisphenol F type epoxy resin;
the B glue comprises:
90-99 wt% of curing agent;
the balance of active agent.
In the invention, the environment-friendly glue comprises AB glue, color-carrying color paste and adhesion promoter. In the invention, the AB glue is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1, preferably, the glue A and the glue B are prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (2.8-3.5): 1 and B glue.
In the invention, the glue A is bisphenol F type epoxy resin; the source of the bisphenol F type epoxy resin is not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used. AB glue that adopts in the existing market is the very stable material of bisphenol A type performance, if do not contain bisphenol A, the collocation misuse of material selection will have the colloid adhesive force and can not reach the adhesive property with each material, has the material to break away from the risk, in addition when current glue water production, the influence of ambient humidity, temperature is very easily appeared the colloid and is whitish and hazy, the glue reaction is incomplete also can appear the chemical substance of remaining bisphenol A, o-benzene, surfactant ratio of excess etc. phenomenon.
In the present invention, the B glue includes:
90-99 wt% of curing agent;
the balance of active agent.
In the present invention, the curing agent is preferably composed of a polyether polyol and an isocyanate; the mass ratio of polyether polyol to isocyanate in the curing agent is preferably 49: (41-50), more preferably 49: 48. the source of the polyether polyol and isocyanate in the present invention is not particularly limited, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the invention, the B glue comprises 90-99 wt% of curing agent, preferably 97 wt%.
In the present invention, the active agent is preferably the adjuvant TEGO GLIDE digo B1484; commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art; the main function is to control the surface of the glue not to fog when the air is more than 70%. In the present invention, the B gum includes a balance of active agent, preferably 3 wt%. The AB glue with the specific components can avoid the defects of performance and chemical substance exceeding and poor stability in use, the formula is obtained after long-time practice, and the performance and the environmental protection performance are optimal at present.
In the invention, the environment-friendly glue comprises 100 parts by weight of AB glue.
The invention has no special limitation on the types and sources of the color-carrying color paste, and aims to ensure that the glue has the required color, which is not added when preparing transparent glue. In the invention, the environment-friendly glue comprises 0-5 parts by weight of color-carrying color paste, preferably 3 parts by weight.
In the present invention, the adhesion promoter is preferably methyl acetate. The source of the adhesion promoter in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a commercially available product of the above methyl acetate known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the invention, the environment-friendly glue comprises 5-15 parts by weight of adhesion promoter, preferably 8-10 parts by weight.
The environment-friendly glue provided by the invention adopts specific content components without bisphenol A, realizes better interaction, has excellent bonding performance on the basis of meeting the environment-friendly requirement, and accords with the quality standard used on buttons after various effects and service performance identification, and the finished product has good combination bonding fastness stability and has no phenomena of falling and separation.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the environment-friendly glue by the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the glue A and the glue B to obtain glue AB; and adding the color-carrying color paste and the adhesion promoter, and uniformly stirring to obtain the environment-friendly glue.
In the present invention, the glue a and the glue B are the same as those in the above technical solution and are not described herein again.
In the present invention, the temperature of the mixing is preferably 20 to 30 ℃.
In the invention, the color-loading color paste and the adhesion promoter are the same as those in the technical scheme, and are not described again here.
The stirring device is not particularly limited, and a stirrer well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the invention, the temperature for uniform stirring is preferably 20-30 ℃; the time for stirring uniformly is preferably 1min to 10min, and more preferably 3min to 5 min.
The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, mild in condition and suitable for large-scale production and application.
The invention also provides a use method of the glue, which comprises the following steps:
dripping glue and then curing to obtain a finished product; the glue is the environment-friendly glue in the technical scheme.
In the invention, the glue is mainly applied to the bonding of resin, shell and copper sheet and zinc alloy electroplating accessories, the bonding of zinc alloy electroplating, ceramics and rope belt acetate films, the direct glue dripping treatment on the surfaces of products such as resin, shell, zipper head, alloy, plastic ABS, nylon and the like, and is an equivalent effect combination product, in particular to the material of bonding metal and ceramics; the specific process adopted mainly comprises the following steps:
semi-finished resin, real shell button, semi-finished metal, ceramic accessory → row button → ingredient → glue dripping or combining with accessory → baking button → inspection → performance test → packaging; the process of the ingredients is the process of preparing the environment-friendly glue, and the details are not repeated herein. In order to enable bisphenol A and other chemical substances in the glue to meet the requirements of customers and improve the bonding force with metal plating and ceramic objects, the formula of the glue is improved, and the technical effects of reducing the generation of bisphenol A (the detection value of bisphenol A is less than 1ppm) and improving the environmental protection and bonding strength are achieved.
In the invention, the semi-finished resin and the real shell button are preferably cleaned before glue dripping, and are cleaned by common ultrasonic cleaning equipment on the market, so that dust and oil stains are removed, and the adhesive force of the glue is enhanced.
The invention has no special limitation on the glue dripping process, and adopts the technical scheme that a disposable injector is utilized to carry out glue dripping filling operation on the partial surface of the semi-finished button or a metal electroplated part and a true ceramic part or carry out glue dripping bonding combined operation on the object to be glued and the button, which is well known by the technical personnel in the field.
In the present invention, the curing means preferably includes:
baking the mixture in a constant-temperature oven at 50-60 ℃ for 4-6 h for curing, or standing and curing at 20-30 ℃.
The environment-friendly glue provided by the invention can meet the requirements of full environmental protection, improves the combination fastness with an adhered object, and simultaneously meets the performance that the glue of a combined part is not separated and falls off under the test conditions of 5 times of dry cleaning, 5 times of water washing and 30 seconds of ironing of a product, thereby completely meeting the requirements of customers on physical properties, chemical properties and the like. Therefore, the invention provides the latest environment-friendly glue used in the industry, meets the breakthrough of customers on the environment protection and performance of combined products, and creates the advantage value of the products; the product performance is improved, and the pursuit and the applicability of customers to the use performance of the product are met; the market competitiveness of the product is improved, and the full-environment-friendly combined button auxiliary material with high technical content is realized; breaks through the technical barrier of environmental protection and realizes the selectivity of customers in the social responsibility field of the clothing industry.
The invention provides environment-friendly glue and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the environment-friendly glue comprises the following components: 100 parts of AB glue; 0-5 parts of color-carrying color paste; 5-15 parts by weight of an adhesion promoter; the AB glue is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1, glue A and glue B; the adhesive A is bisphenol F type epoxy resin; the B glue comprises: 90-99 wt% of curing agent; the balance of active agent. Compared with the prior art, the environment-friendly glue provided by the invention adopts specific content components without bisphenol A, realizes better interaction, has excellent bonding performance on the basis of meeting the environment-friendly requirement, meets the quality standard used on buttons after various effects and service performance identification, and has good stability of bonding fastness of the finished product combination without falling off and separation.
In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, mild in condition and suitable for large-scale production and application.
To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided for illustration. The raw materials used in the following examples of the present invention are all commercially available products; wherein the bisphenol F type epoxy resin is south Asia bisphenol F type epoxy resin (NPEF 170); the curing agent is Katsukui polyether polyol 9082-00-2 and isocyanate 75-13-8; the active agent is an auxiliary agent TEGO GLIDE DIGAO B1484; the adhesion promoter used was methyl acetate.
Example 1
(1) The glue formula is as follows:
glue A: bisphenol F type epoxy resins;
glue B: 97 wt% of curing agent (polyether polyol and isocyanate with the mass ratio of 49: 48);
3 wt% of an active agent;
the mass ratio of the glue A to the glue B is 3: 1;
color-carrying paste: 3% of the total mass of the AB glue;
fourthly, adhesion promoter: 8 percent of the total mass of the AB glue.
(2) The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and (3) uniformly mixing the glue A and the glue B at room temperature, adding the color-carrying color paste and the adhesion promoter, and stirring uniformly for 3-5 min by using a stirrer to obtain the environment-friendly glue.
By adopting the environment-friendly glue provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention, the effect of dripping colored glue on the surface of the button (after the glue is dripped, the button is put into a constant-temperature oven at 55 ℃ for baking for 5h for curing, and the finished product can be obtained after being taken out and cooled, and the finished product is shown in figure 1), and the fluidity, bubbles, fogging, glossiness and the like of the glue are identified, and all the effects and the service performance are identified to meet the quality standard of use on the button, and the specific data are shown in table 1, wherein the common bisphenol A epoxy glue is used as a comparison.
Table 1 data of various properties of the environment-friendly glue provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention after application
Performance of | Common bisphenol A epoxy glue | Example 1 |
Fluidity (viscosity) | 4-15Pa*s | 3-10Pa*s |
Air bubble | Bubble-free | Bubble-free |
Surface fogging | Humidity > 60%, surface fogging | Humidity is more than 80%, and surface does not fog |
Degree of gloss | 100% | 100% |
Adhesion force | 50N | 200N |
The finished product is subjected to the following performance standard tests:
water washing resistance: GB/T3921 textile color fastness test, the color fastness to washing is more than 4 grades, the glue line does not drop, the color does not change;
dry cleaning resistance: GB/T5711 textile color fastness test, dry cleaning resistance color fastness is more than 4 grade, the glue layer does not fall off, and the color does not change;
ironing resistance: the temperature is 150 ℃ for 10 seconds, the surface glue layer of the product has no peeling, extinction and scratch phenomena, and the color has no staining and fading;
through the standard tests, the whole colloid on the surface of the product has no abrasion, adhesive layer falling and color change phenomena, and the whole quality meets the quality standards of auxiliary material product industry standard appearance, no unfilled corner and burr on the surface, smooth and clean adhesive layer, water washing resistance, dry cleaning resistance, no wrinkle, peeling, color change and the like of an ironing adhesive layer; especially, the frequency of continuous machine washing of household washing machine is far more than the abrasion resistance and the adhesive layer glossiness of the product with the performance of common glue.
Example 2
(1) The glue formula is as follows:
glue A: bisphenol F type epoxy resins;
glue B: 97 wt% of curing agent (polyether polyol and isocyanate with the mass ratio of 49: 48);
3 wt% of an active agent;
the mass ratio of the glue A to the glue B is 3.5: 1;
③ adhesion promoter: 9 percent of the total mass of the AB glue.
(2) The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and (3) uniformly mixing the glue A and the glue B at room temperature, adding the adhesion promoter, and stirring uniformly for 3-5 min by using a stirrer to obtain the environment-friendly glue.
By adopting the environment-friendly glue (colorless) provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention, a bonding test is carried out on the resin button and the metal electroplated part (a finished product is obtained by standing and curing at normal temperature after glue dripping, as shown in figure 2), the adhesive fluidity, drying speed, bonding force and the like of the glue are identified, and the adhesive performance identification shows that the adhesive performance standard meets the adhesive use quality standard of different material combined products, and the specific data is shown in table 2, wherein the common bisphenol A epoxy glue is used for comparison.
Table 2 data of various properties of the environment-friendly glue provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention after application
Performance of | Common bisphenol A epoxy glue | Example 2 |
Fluidity of adhesive bond | 6-18Pa*s | 4-12Pa*s |
Drying speed | 4h | 3h |
Adhesion force | 90N | 200N |
The finished product is subjected to the following performance standard tests:
water washing resistance: GB/T3921 textile color fastness test, the color fastness to washing is more than level 4, no separation;
dry cleaning resistance: GB/T5711 textile color fastness test, the color fastness to dry cleaning is more than grade 4, no separation;
ironing resistance: the product does not separate and fall off after 10 seconds at 150 ℃;
through the standard tests, the product does not fall off or separate integrally after being combined, the overall quality meets the industrial standard of auxiliary products, the appearance is unchanged, and the performance is resistant to the quality standards of water washing, dry cleaning, no separation or falling off after ironing and the like; especially, the product has abrasion resistance and collision separation resistance which are far greater than the bonding performance of common glue on the frequency of continuous machine washing of household washing machine.
Example 3
(1) The glue formula is as follows:
glue A: bisphenol F type epoxy resins;
glue B: 97 wt% of curing agent (polyether polyol and isocyanate with the mass ratio of 49: 48);
3 wt% of an active agent;
the mass ratio of the glue A to the glue B is 2.8: 1;
③ adhesion promoter: 10% of the total mass of the AB glue.
(2) The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and (3) uniformly mixing the glue A and the glue B at room temperature, adding the adhesion promoter, and stirring uniformly for 3-5 min by using a stirrer to obtain the environment-friendly glue.
By adopting the environment-friendly glue (colorless) provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention, a bonding test is carried out on the rope belt and the real ceramic piece (a finished product is obtained by standing and curing at normal temperature after glue dripping, as shown in figure 3), the adhesive fluidity, the drying speed, the bonding force and the like of the glue are identified, and the adhesive performance identification shows that the adhesive performance standard meets the adhesive use quality standard on different material combination type products, and the specific data is shown in table 3, wherein the common bisphenol A epoxy glue is used for comparison.
Table 3 data on various properties of the environment-friendly glue provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention after application
Performance of | Common bisphenol A epoxy glue | Example 3 |
Fluidity of adhesive bond | 6-18Pa*s | 4-12Pa*s |
Drying speed | 4h | 3h |
Adhesion force | 70N | 220N |
The finished product is subjected to the following performance standard tests:
water washing resistance: GB/T3921 textile color fastness test, the color fastness to washing is more than level 4, no separation;
dry cleaning resistance: GB/T5711 textile color fastness test, the color fastness to dry cleaning is more than grade 4, no separation;
ironing resistance: the product does not separate and fall off after 10 seconds at 150 ℃;
through the standard tests, the product does not fall off or separate integrally after being combined, the overall quality meets the industrial standard of auxiliary products, the appearance is unchanged, and the performance is resistant to the quality standards of water washing, dry cleaning, no separation or falling off after ironing and the like; especially, the product has abrasion resistance and collision separation resistance which are far greater than the bonding performance of common glue on the frequency of continuous machine washing of household washing machine.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly glue, comprising:
100 parts of AB glue;
0-5 parts of color-carrying color paste;
5-15 parts by weight of an adhesion promoter;
the AB glue is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (2-4): 1, glue A and glue B;
the adhesive A is bisphenol F type epoxy resin;
the B glue comprises:
90-99 wt% of curing agent;
the balance of active agent.
2. The environment-friendly glue according to claim 1, wherein the adhesion promoter is methyl acetate.
3. The glue of claim 1, wherein the curing agent comprises polyether polyol and isocyanate.
4. The environment-friendly glue according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of polyether polyol to isocyanate in the curing agent is 49: (41-50).
5. The environment-friendly glue according to claim 1, wherein the active agent is an auxiliary agent TEGO GLIDE DEHIGH B1484.
6. The preparation method of the environment-friendly glue water as defined in any one of claims 1-5, comprising the following steps:
mixing the glue A and the glue B to obtain glue AB; and adding the color-carrying color paste and the adhesion promoter, and uniformly stirring to obtain the environment-friendly glue.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the mixing temperature is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the temperature for stirring is 20-30 ℃ and the time is 1-10 min.
9. A use method of glue comprises the following steps:
dripping glue and then curing to obtain a finished product; the glue is the environment-friendly glue according to any one of claims 1-5.
10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the curing comprises:
baking the mixture in a constant-temperature oven at 50-60 ℃ for 4-6 h for curing, or standing and curing at 20-30 ℃.
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CN114958281A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-30 | 天津市环智新能源技术有限公司 | Preparation method of glue for bonding silicon crystal, bonding process and line cutting process |
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Application publication date: 20201208 |