CN112047878A - 4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法 - Google Patents

4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112047878A
CN112047878A CN202011101814.6A CN202011101814A CN112047878A CN 112047878 A CN112047878 A CN 112047878A CN 202011101814 A CN202011101814 A CN 202011101814A CN 112047878 A CN112047878 A CN 112047878A
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种4‑溴‑6‑氯吡啶‑2‑羧酸的制备方法,该4‑溴‑6‑氯吡啶‑2‑羧酸的制备方法包括以下步骤:2,4‑二羟基‑6‑甲基吡啶与三溴氧磷、五溴化磷或四丁基溴化铵中的一种进行一级取代反应生成2‑羟基‑4‑溴‑6‑甲基吡啶;2‑羟基‑4‑溴‑6‑甲基吡啶与三氯氧磷或五氯化磷进行二级取代反应生成4‑溴‑6‑甲基‑2‑吡啶;4‑溴‑6‑甲基‑2‑吡啶上的甲基氧化反应生成4‑溴‑6‑氯吡啶‑2‑羧酸,该4‑溴‑6‑氯吡啶‑2‑羧酸的制备方法原料廉价易得,反应过程中,无需柱层析纯化,操作简便。

Description

4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化合物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法。
背景技术
吡啶羧酸为常用的除草剂。4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸属于吡啶羧酸,同时4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸也是常见的合成医药、材料的中间体。现有技术中没有公开4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,该4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法原料廉价易得,反应过程中,无需柱层析纯化,操作简便。
为了实现以上目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶与三溴氧磷、五溴化磷或四丁基溴化铵中的一种进行一级取代反应生成2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶;
2)2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶与三氯氧磷或五氯化磷进行二级取代反应生成4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶;
3)4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶上的甲基氧化反应生成4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。
进一步地,步骤1)中所述2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶与三溴氧磷、五溴化磷或四丁基溴化铵的摩尔比为1:0.5~1:2。
进一步地,步骤2)中所述2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶与三氯氧磷或五氯化磷的摩尔比为3:5~10。
进一步地,步骤3)中所述氧化反应采用的氧化剂为高锰酸钾、重铬酸钾、重铬酸钠中的一种或几种,4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶与氧化剂的摩尔比为1:2.5~1:5。
进一步地,步骤3)中所述氧化反应还添加有碱,所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或几种,4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶与碱的摩尔比为2:1~2:4。
进一步地,步骤1)和步骤2)中的反应均添加二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯、二甲苯中的一种或几种作为溶剂。
进一步地,步骤1)中所述一级取代反应的反应温度为100~120℃,反应时间为1~3h;步骤2)中所述二级取代反应的反应温度为100~120℃,反应时间为5~8h;步骤3)中所述氧化反应为加热至回流,回流时间为8~10h。
进一步地,步骤1)中所述一级取代反应还包括对反应物的提纯:一级取代反应结束后,冷却至25~30℃,加水后用碳酸钠调节pH至中性,固体析出后过滤,滤饼一次用乙醇和乙醚洗涤,干燥即得2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
进一步地,步骤2)中所述二级取代反应还包括对反应物的提纯:二级取代反应结束后,冷却至25~30℃,并蒸出三氯氧磷,之后加水并用碳酸钠调节pH至中性,固体析出后过滤,滤饼一次用乙醇和乙醚洗涤,干燥即得4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
进一步地,步骤3)中所述氧化反应还包括对反应物的提纯:氧化反应结束后,冷却至25~30℃,过滤,滤液酸化,之后用二氯甲烷萃取,得到的有机相干燥后蒸出溶剂即得。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,原料廉价易得,反应过程中,无需柱层析纯化,操作简便。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取一干燥的100mL三口瓶,向其中加入12.5g的化合物1以及50mL的DMF,化合物1即为2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入22.1g的三溴氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于110℃油浴中,搅拌1h,冷却至30℃。冷却结束后向三口瓶中加入60mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL的冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL的乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物2为11.3g,收率78%,化合物2即为2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
2)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入5.64g化合物2以及30mL的DMF,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入7.7g的三氯氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于100℃油浴中,搅拌5h,冷却至27,减压蒸出三氯氧磷,向其中加入20mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物3为4.34g,收率70%,化合物3即为4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
3)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入2.06g的化合物3以及30mL的水,边搅拌边向三口瓶中加入3.95g的KMnO4以及530mg的Na2CO3。加完后,将反应加热至回流,8h后,将反应冷却至30℃,用硅藻土过滤,滤液用浓盐酸酸化,并用二氯甲烷萃取3次,每次二氯甲烷用量为20mL,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸出溶剂,得到化合物4为1.85g,收率78%,化合物4即为4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。
式Ⅰ为4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法的反应过程。
Figure BDA0002725638710000031
实施例2
本实施例的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取一干燥的100mL三口瓶,向其中加入12.5g的化合物1以及50mL的DMF,化合物1即为2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入14.3g的三溴氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于110℃油浴中,搅拌1h,冷却至28℃。冷却结束后向三口瓶中加入60mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL的冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL的乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物2为5.7g,收率61%,化合物2即为2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
2)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入5.64g化合物2以及30mL的DMF,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入15.4g的三氯氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于100℃油浴中,搅拌5h,冷却至30℃,减压蒸出三氯氧磷,向其中加入20mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物3为3.90g,收率63%,化合物3即为4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
3)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入2.06g的化合物3以及30mL的水,边搅拌边向三口瓶中加入7.9g的KMnO4以及530mg的Na2CO3。加完后,将反应加热至回流,8h后,将反应冷却至26℃,用硅藻土过滤,滤液用浓盐酸酸化,并用二氯甲烷萃取3次,每次二氯甲烷用量为20mL,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸出溶剂,得到化合物4为1.51g,收率64%,化合物4即为4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。
实施例3
本实施例的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取一干燥的100mL三口瓶,向其中加入12.5g的化合物1以及50mL的DMF,化合物1即为2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入22.1g的三溴氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于110℃油浴中,搅拌1h,冷却至30℃。冷却结束后向三口瓶中加入60mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL的冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL的乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物2为11.3g,收率78%,化合物2即为2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
2)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入5.64g化合物2以及30mL的甲苯,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入7.7g的三氯氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于100℃油浴中,搅拌5h,冷却至27℃,减压蒸出三氯氧磷,向其中加入20mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物3为3.97g,收率64%,化合物3即为4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
3)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入2.06g的化合物3以及30mL的水,边搅拌边向三口瓶中加入7.36g的重铬酸钾以及530mg的Na2CO3。加完后,将反应加热至回流,8h后,将反应冷却至30℃,用硅藻土过滤,滤液用浓盐酸酸化,并用二氯甲烷萃取3次,每次二氯甲烷用量为20mL,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸出溶剂,得到化合物4为1.85g,收率78%,化合物4即为4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。
实施例4
本实施例的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取一干燥的100mL三口瓶,向其中加入12.5g的化合物1以及50mL的DMF,化合物1即为2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入22.1g的三溴氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于110℃油浴中,搅拌1h,冷却至29℃。冷却结束后向三口瓶中加入60mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL的冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL的乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物2为11.3g,收率78%,化合物2即为2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
2)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入5.64g化合物2以及30mL的DMF,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入7.7g的三氯氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于100℃油浴中,搅拌5h,冷却至28℃,减压蒸出三氯氧磷,向其中加入20mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物3为4.34g,收率70%,化合物3即为4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
3)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入2.06g的化合物3以及30mL的水,边搅拌边向三口瓶中加入3.95g的KMnO4以及200mg的NaOH。加完后,将反应加热至回流,8h后,将反应冷却至25℃,用硅藻土过滤,滤液用浓盐酸酸化,并用二氯甲烷萃取3次,每次二氯甲烷用量为20mL,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸出溶剂,得到化合物4为48g,收率63%,化合物4即为4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。
实施例5
本实施例的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取一干燥的100mL三口瓶,向其中加入12.5g的化合物1以及50mL的DMF,化合物1即为2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入22.1g的三溴氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于110℃油浴中,搅拌1h,冷却至25℃。冷却结束后向三口瓶中加入60mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL的冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL的乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物2为11.3g,收率78%,化合物2即为2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
2)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入5.64g化合物2以及30mL的DMF,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入7.7g的三氯氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于100℃油浴中,搅拌5h,冷却至30℃,减压蒸出三氯氧磷,向其中加入20mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物3为4.34g,收率70%,化合物3即为4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
3)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入2.06g的化合物3以及30mL的水,边搅拌边向三口瓶中加入3.95g的KMnO4以及281mg的KOH。加完后,将反应加热至回流,8h后,将反应冷却至30℃,用硅藻土过滤,滤液用浓盐酸酸化,并用二氯甲烷萃取3次,每次二氯甲烷用量为20mL,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸出溶剂,得到化合物4为1.12g,收率47%,化合物4即为4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。
实施例6
本实施例的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取一干燥的100mL三口瓶,向其中加入12.5g的化合物1以及50mL的DMF,化合物1即为2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入57.2g的三溴氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于120℃油浴中,搅拌3h,冷却至30℃。冷却结束后向三口瓶中加入60mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL的冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL的乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物2为12.1g,收率83.5%,化合物2即为2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
2)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入5.64g化合物2以及30mL的DMF,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入10.78g的三氯氧磷,之后将三口瓶置于120℃油浴中,搅拌8h,冷却至30℃,减压蒸出三氯氧磷,向其中加入20mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物3为4.21g,收率67.9%,化合物3即为4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
3)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入2.06g的化合物3以及30mL的水,边搅拌边向三口瓶中加入4.75g的KMnO4以及800mg的NaOH。加完后,将反应加热至回流,8h后,将反应冷却至25℃,用硅藻土过滤,滤液用浓盐酸酸化,并用二氯甲烷萃取3次,每次二氯甲烷用量为20mL,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸出溶剂,得到化合物4为1.61g,收率83%,化合物4即为4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。
实施例7
本实施例的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取一干燥的100mL三口瓶,向其中加入12.5g的化合物1以及50mL的DMF,化合物1即为2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入34.5g的五溴化磷,之后将三口瓶置于110℃油浴中,搅拌2h,冷却至28℃。冷却结束后向三口瓶中加入60mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL的冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL的乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物2为11.5g,收率79%,化合物2即为2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
2)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入5.64g化合物2以及30mL的DMF,将三口瓶置于冰水浴中,加入16.6g的五氯化磷,之后将三口瓶置于100℃油浴中,搅拌6h,冷却至25℃,减压蒸出三氯氧磷,向其中加入20mL的水,随后用碳酸钠调节pH为7,析出大量固体,过滤,滤饼用10mL冷乙醇洗涤一次,用10mL乙醚洗涤1次,抽干,得到化合物3为4.18g,收率67.4%,化合物3即为4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
3)取一干燥100mL三口瓶,向其中加入2.06g的化合物3以及30mL的水,边搅拌边向三口瓶中加入3.95g的KMnO4以及530mg的Na2CO3。加完后,将反应加热至回流,10h后,将反应冷却至30℃,用硅藻土过滤,滤液用浓盐酸酸化,并用二氯甲烷萃取3次,每次二氯甲烷用量为20mL,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸出溶剂,得到化合物4为1.85g,收率78%,化合物4即为4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。

Claims (10)

1.4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶与三溴氧磷、五溴化磷或四丁基溴化铵中的一种进行一级取代反应生成2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶;
2)2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶与三氯氧磷或五氯化磷进行二级取代反应生成4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶;
3)4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶上的甲基氧化反应生成4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述2,4-二羟基-6-甲基吡啶与三溴氧磷、五溴化磷或四丁基溴化铵的摩尔比为1:0.5~1:2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶与三氯氧磷或五氯化磷的摩尔比为3:5~3:10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述氧化反应采用的氧化剂为高锰酸钾、重铬酸钾、重铬酸钠中的一种或几种,4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶与氧化剂的摩尔比为1:2.5~1:5。
5.根据权利要求4所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述氧化反应还添加有碱,所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或几种,4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶与碱的摩尔比为2:1~2:4。
6.根据权利要求1所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)和步骤2)中的反应均添加二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯、二甲苯中的一种或几种作为溶剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述一级取代反应的反应温度为100~120℃,反应时间为1~3h;步骤2)中所述二级取代反应的反应温度为100~120℃,反应时间为5~8h;步骤3)中所述氧化反应为加热至回流,回流时间为8~10h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中所述一级取代反应还包括对反应物的提纯:一级取代反应结束后,冷却至25~30℃,加水后用碳酸钠调节pH至中性,固体析出后过滤,滤饼依次用乙醇和乙醚洗涤,干燥即得2-羟基-4-溴-6-甲基吡啶。
9.根据权利要求1所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述二级取代反应还包括对反应物的提纯:二级取代反应结束后,冷却至25~30℃,并蒸出三氯氧磷,之后加水并用碳酸钠调节pH至中性,固体析出后过滤,滤饼依次用乙醇和乙醚洗涤,干燥即得4-溴-6-甲基-2-吡啶。
10.根据权利要求1所述的4-溴-6-氯吡啶-2-羧酸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述氧化反应还包括对反应物的提纯:氧化反应结束后,冷却至25~30℃,过滤,滤液酸化,之后用二氯甲烷萃取,得到的有机相干燥后蒸出溶剂即得。
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