CN112045261A - Efficient electrochemical machining device and machining method for array cavity structure on inner surface of casing - Google Patents

Efficient electrochemical machining device and machining method for array cavity structure on inner surface of casing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112045261A
CN112045261A CN202010878721.8A CN202010878721A CN112045261A CN 112045261 A CN112045261 A CN 112045261A CN 202010878721 A CN202010878721 A CN 202010878721A CN 112045261 A CN112045261 A CN 112045261A
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China
Prior art keywords
casing
tool
cathode tool
anode workpiece
electrolyte
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CN202010878721.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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葛永成
陈旺旺
朱永伟
程春
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Yangzhou University
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Yangzhou University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency electrolytic machining device and a machining method for an array cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing, and belongs to the technical field of electrolytic machining. The machine box is clamped on the workbench and connected with a positive electrode of a power supply to form an anode workpiece; the cathode tool is fixedly connected to the main shaft of the machine tool and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; the outer side face of the cathode tool is provided with a boss structure matched with a cavity structure to be machined on the inner side face of the casing, and the workbench is provided with an electrolyte outlet. The invention realizes the one-time processing and forming of the surface array cavity structure of the casing by the differential rotation motion of the small-diameter cathode tool and the anode casing part, effectively simplifies the processing technology, improves the reliability and stability of the processing process, simplifies the design and manufacturing process of the tool electrode and saves the manufacturing cost of the tool electrode.

Description

Efficient electrochemical machining device and machining method for array cavity structure on inner surface of casing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic machining, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency electrolytic machining device and a machining method for an array cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing.
Background
Aircraft engines are the heart of aircraft and are one of the important factors determining aircraft performance. Most parts of the aircraft engine have the characteristic of thin wall, and are complex in structure and difficult to machine. The casing is an important part for supporting the rotor and fixing the stator of the engine, and the thrust of the engine is transmitted to the airplane through the casing, so that the processing quality of the main bearing part of the casing aeroengine directly influences the stability and reliability of the operation of the engine. With the development of aviation technology, the performance and structural design of aircraft engines are continuously improved, and materials are increasingly developed in a direction difficult to process. This results in a casing that is more and more difficult to machine and to ensure quality.
The parts of the casing are generally thin-wall revolving structures, and in order to further reduce the weight of the casing, the inner surface of the casing is usually provided with array cavity structures with different shapes. The parts of the casing are made of refractory metals such as high-temperature alloy and the like, and have the characteristics of high hardness, high strength and the like. Therefore, when the cavity array structure is processed on the inner surface of the casing, if the traditional machining method is used, the processing process is extremely complicated, and the efficiency is relatively low. The electrolytic machining has the machining characteristics of high machining speed, good surface quality, no residual stress, no limitation of material hardness and the like, and has great application potential in the machining and manufacturing of casing parts. However, the traditional method of using block electrodes to form a casing inner surface cavity structure one by one still has the problems of complex processing process, unstable processing precision, low processing efficiency and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor machining precision, low efficiency and the like caused by repeated positioning in the machining process of the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing, and provides an efficient and low-cost electrolytic machining device and method suitable for machining the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing.
The invention provides a high-efficiency electrolytic machining device for an array cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing, which is characterized by comprising a cathode tool, a liquid flushing structure, a workbench and an anode workpiece, wherein the casing is clamped on the workbench and is connected with a positive electrode of a power supply to form the anode workpiece; the cathode tool is fixedly connected to the main shaft of the machine tool and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; the outer side face of the cathode tool is provided with a boss structure matched with a cavity structure to be machined on the inner side face of the casing, and the workbench is provided with an electrolyte outlet.
Furthermore, the number of the boss structures on the outer side surface of the cathode tool is at least 1, the number n of the boss structures can be freely set according to the use requirement, and the shape of the boss structures is matched with the structure of the cavity to be processed.
Furthermore, the height of the boss structure on the outer side surface of the cathode tool is larger than the depth of the cavity structure to be processed on the inner side surface of the anode workpiece.
Further, during the machining process, the cathode tool and the anode workpiece are kept rotating in the same direction.
Furthermore, the electrolyte water outlet is arranged at the center of the workbench, and a conical concave structure is arranged around the electrolyte water outlet for storing excessive electrolyte and avoiding stray corrosion.
Furthermore, the electrolyte nozzle of the electrolyte flushing structure is arranged on the screwing sides of the cathode tool and the anode workpiece, and the electrolyte nozzle is in a vertical strip shape, so that the electrolyte can be ensured to wash out the whole processing area.
Furthermore, the caliber of the electrolyte water inlet of the flushing structure is smaller than that of the electrolyte water outlet.
Furthermore, the inclination degree of the outer side surface of the cathode tool is consistent with that of the inner side surface of the anode workpiece.
The invention also provides a high-efficiency electrolytic machining method for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) fixing an anode workpiece on a machine tool workbench, selecting a cathode tool with a matched boss structure according to an array cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing, fixedly connecting the selected cathode tool on a machine tool spindle, driving the cathode tool through the machine tool spindle to enable the cathode tool to be positioned in the anode workpiece, enabling the boss structure of the cathode tool to approach the inner side surface of the anode workpiece, and ensuring a certain initial machining gap;
2) in the processing process, the electrolyte is pumped from an electrolyte inlet of the liquid flushing structure and is sprayed to a processing area from an electrolyte nozzle; machine tool spindle driving cathode tool to omega1Rotate at uniform speed, and the worktable drives the anode workpiece to rotate at omega2Rotating at a constant speed, wherein in the machining process, the cathode tool and the anode workpiece rotate in the same direction, and meanwhile, the cathode tool feeds at a constant speed v;
3) under the action of an electric field, the area of the inner surface of the anode workpiece corresponding to the lug boss structure on the surface of the cathode tool is subjected to electrochemical dissolution, and the lug boss structure on the surface of the cathode tool is uniformly copied to the inner surface of the anode workpiece step by step to form an array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing.
Furthermore, the number m of cavity structures and the number n of lug boss structures on the surface of the cathode tool which can be formed on the inner surface of the anode workpiece and the rotating speed omega of the cathode tool1And the rotation speed omega of the anode workpiece2The relationship between m and n (ω)1/ω2)。
The technical scheme of the invention has the following remarkable effects:
1) according to the invention, one-time processing and forming of the cavity structure of the inner surface array of the casing is realized through the differential rotation motion of the small-diameter cathode tool (the outer diameter of the cathode tool is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity of the anode workpiece, and the outer side surface of the cathode tool is matched with the taper of the inner side surface of the anode workpiece) and the anode casing part, so that the processing technology is effectively simplified, and the reliability and stability of the processing process are improved;
2) according to the invention, all cavity structures can be machined and formed by one-time clamping (one cathode tool finishes machining a plurality of cavity structures on the inner side surface of the anode workpiece), so that the positioning error caused by repeated clamping is avoided, and the machining precision is effectively guaranteed;
3) the invention adopts the revolving body with few bosses and small diameter as the tool electrode for processing the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the large-diameter case, simplifies the design and manufacturing process of the tool electrode and saves the manufacturing cost of the tool electrode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an efficient electrochemical machining apparatus for an array cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode tool of the present invention (a boss configuration);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cathode tool of the present invention having a different lug configuration;
FIG. 4 is a view of the cathode tool A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a view of the cathode tool B of FIG. 3;
in the figure: the device comprises a machine tool spindle 1, a cathode tool 2, a boss structure 3, an electrolyte nozzle 4, a liquid flushing structure 5, a workbench 6, an anode workpiece 7, a cavity structure 8, an electrolyte water inlet 9, an electrolyte water outlet 10 and a cathode tool clamping end 11.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an efficient electrochemical machining device for an array cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing, wherein the efficient electrochemical machining device comprises a machine tool spindle 1, a cathode tool 2, a boss structure 3, an electrolyte nozzle 4, a flushing structure 5, a workbench 6, an anode workpiece 7, a cavity structure 8, an electrolyte water inlet 9 and an electrolyte water outlet 10; the machine tool spindle 1, the cathode tool 2 and the workbench 6 are all made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel; the electrolyte nozzle 4 is made of nonconductive materials such as epoxy resin;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode tool of the present invention, including a cathode tool 2, a boss structure 3 and a cathode tool holding end 11; wherein the surface area of the cathode tool 2, except the top surface of the boss structure 3 and the tool holding end 11, should be coated with an insulating layer; the cathode tool is provided with a conical surface matched with the inner surface of the anode workpiece, and a boss structure matched with a cavity structure to be processed is arranged on the conical surface of the cathode tool.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cathode tool of the present invention having a different lug structure, including a cathode tool 2, a lug structure 3, and a cathode tool holding end 11; the two boss structures 3 have different shapes, and the shape characteristics are respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5; in the cathode tool 2, the surface areas except the top surface of the boss structure 3 and the tool holding end 11 should be coated with an insulating layer;
fig. 4 and 5 are a view from the direction a and a view from the direction B of the cathode tool of fig. 3, respectively.
With reference to fig. 1-5, the processing method of the efficient electrochemical machining device for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step (1): fixing a casing part to be processed on a machine tool workbench through a special fixture, selecting a cathode tool with a surface boss structure matched with a cavity to be processed (wherein the inclination degree of the conical surface of the cathode tool is consistent with that of the inner surface of an anode workpiece), and fixedly connecting the selected cathode tool on a machine tool spindle; the machine tool is manually adjusted, the cathode tool is driven to be close to the anode workpiece, and an initial machining gap of about 0.5mm is ensured between the cathode tool and the anode workpiece; placing a flushing structure at the screwing side of the cathode tool and the anode workpiece, and ensuring that an electrolyte nozzle faces a processing area; a processing area is formed between a bus at the conical surface boss mechanism of the cathode tool and a corresponding bus on the inner surface of the anode workpiece, and the shape of the electrolyte nozzle is vertical strip-shaped, so that the electrolyte can be ensured to wash out the whole processing area;
step (2): checking an electrolyte circulating system to ensure that the loop system has no leakage, and simultaneously adjusting the position of a flushing structure to ensure that an electrolyte nozzle can spray electrolyte into a machining gap between a cathode tool and an anode workpiece; checking an electrolytic machining power supply loop to ensure that the anode workpiece is connected with the positive pole of the power supply and the cathode tool is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; starting an electrolytic hydraulic circulation system and an electrolytic machining power supply;
and (3): starting a machine tool control system, and driving a cathode tool to omega through a machine tool spindle1Rotate at uniform speed, and drive the anode workpiece to rotate at omega by the worktable2And (3) rotating at a constant speed, wherein in the machining process, the cathode tool and the anode workpiece rotate in the same direction, and meanwhile, the cathode tool is gradually close to the anode workpiece at a constant speed v. Under the action of an electric field, the area of the inner surface of the anode workpiece corresponding to the lug boss structure of the surface of the cathode tool is electrochemically dissolved, and the lug boss structure of the surface of the cathode tool is gradually and uniformly imprinted on the inner surface of the anode workpiece to form an array inner cavity structure (the anode workpiece)The number m of cavity structures which can be formed on the inner surface, the number n of lug boss structures on the surface of the cathode tool and the rotating speed omega of the cathode tool1And the rotation speed omega of the anode workpiece2The relationship between m and n (ω)1/ω2))。
In the present example process conditions, the cathode tool surface is assumed to be a single plateau structure, as shown in FIG. 2, and ω is2＝3ω13 cavity structures with completely the same structural shape are formed on the inner surface of the anode workpiece; if the cathode tool surface is a single plateau structure, as shown in FIG. 2, and ω is2＝6ω16 cavity structures with completely the same structural shape are formed on the inner surface of the anode workpiece; if the cathode tool surface has two convex structures with different shapes, as shown in FIG. 3, and ω is2＝3ω16 cavity structures are formed on the inner surface of the anode workpiece;
and (4): and after the cavity is machined, separating the cathode tool and the anode workpiece, closing the power supply and the electrolyte circulating system, taking down the anode workpiece, cleaning a machined product, and then transferring to the next procedure.

Claims (10)

1. The efficient electrolytic machining device for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing is characterized by comprising a cathode tool (2), a flushing structure (5), a workbench (6) and an anode workpiece (7), wherein the casing is clamped on the workbench (6) and is connected with a positive electrode of a power supply to form the anode workpiece; the cathode tool (2) is fixedly connected to the machine tool spindle (1) and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; the outer side face of the cathode tool (2) is provided with a boss structure (3) matched with a cavity structure to be processed on the inner side face of the casing, and the workbench (6) is provided with an electrolyte outlet (10).
2. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the machine casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the boss structures (3) on the outer side surface of the cathode tool (2) is at least 1.
3. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the array cavity structures on the inner surface of the machine box as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the boss structures (3) on the outer side of the cathode tool (2) is greater than the depth of the cavity structures (8) to be machined on the inner side of the anode workpiece (7).
4. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the machine casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cathode tool (2) and the anode workpiece (7) are kept rotating in the same direction during machining.
5. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte outlet (10) is disposed at the center of the worktable, and a tapered concave structure is disposed around the electrolyte outlet (10) for storing excess electrolyte and avoiding stray corrosion.
6. The efficient electrolytic machining device for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the machine casing as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the electrolyte nozzle (4) of the flushing structure is arranged on the screwing side of the cathode tool (2) and the anode workpiece (7), and the shape of the electrolyte nozzle (4) is a vertical strip shape, so that the electrolyte can wash the whole machining area.
7. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the caliber of the electrolyte inlet (9) of the flushing structure is smaller than that of the electrolyte outlet (10).
8. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer side surface of the cathode tool is inclined to the inner side surface of the anode workpiece to the same degree.
9. The method for efficiently electrolytic machining of the array cavity structure on the inner surface of the machine casing according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) fixing an anode workpiece on a machine tool workbench, selecting a cathode tool with a matched boss structure according to an array cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing, fixedly connecting the selected cathode tool on a machine tool spindle, driving the cathode tool through the machine tool spindle to enable the cathode tool to be positioned in the anode workpiece, enabling the boss structure of the cathode tool to approach the inner side surface of the anode workpiece, and ensuring a certain initial machining gap;
2) in the processing process, electrolyte is pumped from an electrolyte water inlet (9) of the electrolyte flushing structure (5) and is sprayed to a processing area from an electrolyte nozzle (4); the machine tool spindle (1) drives the cathode tool (2) to omega1Rotates at a constant speed, and the worktable (6) drives the anode workpiece (7) to rotate at omega2Rotating at a constant speed, wherein in the machining process, the cathode tool and the anode workpiece rotate in the same direction, and meanwhile, the cathode tool (2) feeds at a constant speed v;
3) under the action of an electric field, the area of the inner surface of the anode workpiece (7) corresponding to the surface boss structure (3) of the cathode tool (2) is subjected to electrochemical dissolution, and the inner surface of the anode workpiece (7) which is uniformly copied by the surface boss structure (3) of the cathode tool (2) is gradually formed into an array cavity structure (8) on the inner surface of the casing.
10. The efficient electrochemical machining method for the cavity structure array on the inner surface of the casing as claimed in claim 9, wherein the number m of the cavity structures (8) which can be formed on the inner surface of the anode workpiece (7), the number n of the boss structures (3) on the surface of the cathode tool (2) and the rotation speed ω of the cathode tool (2) are equal to or greater than m1And the rotation speed omega of the anode workpiece (7)2The relationship between m and n (ω)1/ω2)。
CN202010878721.8A 2020-08-27 2020-08-27 Efficient electrochemical machining device and machining method for array cavity structure on inner surface of casing Withdrawn CN112045261A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010878721.8A CN112045261A (en) 2020-08-27 2020-08-27 Efficient electrochemical machining device and machining method for array cavity structure on inner surface of casing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010878721.8A CN112045261A (en) 2020-08-27 2020-08-27 Efficient electrochemical machining device and machining method for array cavity structure on inner surface of casing

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CN112045261A true CN112045261A (en) 2020-12-08

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