CN112045188A - Horizontal extrusion mold core for powder high-temperature alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Horizontal extrusion mold core for powder high-temperature alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112045188A CN112045188A CN202010925841.9A CN202010925841A CN112045188A CN 112045188 A CN112045188 A CN 112045188A CN 202010925841 A CN202010925841 A CN 202010925841A CN 112045188 A CN112045188 A CN 112045188A
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010275 isothermal forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/007—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
- B22F2003/208—Warm or hot extruding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder superalloy, and relates to a horizontal extrusion mold core of powder superalloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the extrusion mold core is made of FGH96 alloy, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the FGH96 alloy is pulverized into powder by argon atomization and then is screened, alloy powder of +200 meshes (not less than 63 mu m) is selected for hot isostatic pressing densification, then a hot isostatic pressing ingot blank is extruded into an extrusion bar material of phi 300-phi 340mm by adopting a hot extrusion process, the extrusion bar material is subjected to heat treatment after rough machining, and then the extrusion bar material is finished into an extrusion mold core. The extrusion die core provided by the invention still has excellent strength at 700 ℃, can ensure that the die core does not deform in the powder high-temperature alloy extrusion process, and ensures the appearance integrity, the straightness and the coaxiality of the extrusion bar. Meanwhile, the deformation characteristics of the die core and the extruded material are consistent, so that the cracking tendency of the powder superalloy extruded bar is favorably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder high-temperature alloy, and relates to a horizontal extrusion mold core of powder high-temperature alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Turbine disks are one of the key components of gas turbine engines. The high-speed air flow engine works under severe working conditions, is operated under high temperature, high rotating speed, high stress and high-speed airflow, bears high centrifugal load, thermal load, pneumatic load, vibration load and corrosion and oxidation of environmental media, and is subjected to combined action of mechanical stress of circulation such as starting, accelerating, cruising, decelerating, stopping and the like and thermal stress caused by temperature difference during each flight. Each part of the turbine disk bears different alternating loads, and the working condition of the turbine disk directly influences the service performance, reliability, safety and durability of the engine. With the development of engines with high thrust-weight ratio, high power-weight ratio and high fuel efficiency, higher requirements are put forward on the metallurgical quality, fatigue performance, reliability and durability of the turbine disc.
With the increasing demands of aircraft engines on safety, reliability and long life and the increasing upgrading of manufacturing equipment, the manufacturing process of a turbine disk of a powdered superalloy gradually changes from a direct hot isostatic pressing process (hot isostatic pressing + heat treatment) to a deformation process (hot isostatic pressing + hot extrusion + isothermal forging + heat treatment).
The diameter of the disk of the turbine disk of the turboshaft engine is small, so that the diameter size (phi 130 mm-phi 160mm) of the extrusion bar is limited, the condition of domestic extrusion equipment is comprehensively considered, and the horizontal extrusion is preferably adopted for preparing the extrusion bar for the turboshaft engine turbine disk. The domestic horizontal extrusion equipment for the extrusion with the size is short in resources, the upper limit of the load capacity of the extrusion equipment is close to the extrusion resistance of the powder high-temperature alloy, and great difficulty is brought to the development of the hot extrusion process of the powder high-temperature alloy. The extrusion die core is one of important tools in the extrusion implementation process, and the deformation resistance of the extrusion die core under the high-temperature and high-stress conditions directly determines the appearance quality of an extrusion bar, including coaxiality, straightness, appearance integrity and the like. At present, the material of a mold core adopted by horizontal extrusion of the powder superalloy is mainly die steel, and the die steel has poor strength and rigidity under a high-temperature condition (the temperature of a blank extruded by the powder superalloy is about 1100 ℃), and is easy to deform in the extrusion process, so that the problems of poor flatness of an extruded bar, cracking of the bar and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the horizontal extrusion mold core of the powder superalloy and the preparation method thereof are provided aiming at the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on the one hand, the horizontal extrusion mold core of powder superalloy is provided, the material of extrusion mold core is FGH96 alloy, the extrusion mold core inlet cone angle: 50 degrees to 70 degrees; the external dimension of the extrusion device is matched with that of the extrusion device.
The taper angle of the inlet of the extrusion mold core is as follows: 60 degrees.
On the other hand, the preparation method of the horizontal extrusion mold core made of the powder superalloy is provided, and comprises the following steps: FGH96 alloy is atomized by argon gas to prepare powder, then is screened, alloy powder is selected to be filled into a powder sheath, then is subjected to hot isostatic pressing densification, then is subjected to hot isostatic pressing ingot blank to prepare a bar, and is subjected to solid solution cooling treatment and aging treatment after rough machining, and finally is finished into an extrusion mold core.
The cooling rate of the solution cooling treatment is not less than: 250 ℃/min.
The particle size of the alloy powder is +200 meshes.
Preferably, the hot isostatic pressing ingot blank is extruded into a bar by a hot extrusion process, and the extrusion ratio is not less than 5: 1.
the hot isostatic pressing densification process parameters are as follows: the densification temperature is 1180 ℃, the densification pressure is not less than 150MPa, and the densification time is 3-5 h.
Preferably, the solution temperature of the extruded bar after rough machining is 1160 ℃, and the solution treatment heat preservation time is 3 h.
Preferably, the aging treatment: the standard aging treatment of FGH96 alloy is adopted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the horizontal extrusion mold core adopts FGH96 alloy, and the mold core has higher strength at high temperature through a special preparation process and a heat treatment method, so that the mold core can be ensured not to deform in the extrusion process, and the appearance integrity, the straightness and the coaxiality of the extrusion bar are ensured. Meanwhile, the deformation characteristics of the die core and the extruded material are consistent, so that the cracking tendency of the powder superalloy extruded bar is favorably improved.
(2) The grain size of the FGH96 alloy argon atomization powder used in the invention is +200 meshes (not less than 63 mu m), and the grain size powder belongs to waste powder produced by a powder turbine disk, thereby being beneficial to reducing the production cost.
(3) The powder hot isostatic pressing densification temperature is 1180 ℃, the densification pressure is not less than 150MPa, the densification time is 4h, and the densification of coarse-grained powder is facilitated due to higher pressure and temperature.
(3) The extrusion ratio of the hot isostatic pressing ingot blank is not less than 5: 1, the larger extrusion ratio is beneficial to refining the grain size of the extruded FGH96 alloy, thereby laying a better organization foundation for the mold core.
(4) The extrusion die core is subjected to solution treatment at 1160 ℃ after rough machining, and the FGH96 alloy can obtain the optimal structural state by the solution treatment at the temperature, so that the strength level of the extrusion die core at high temperature is ensured. Meanwhile, the cooling rate in the solid solution cooling process is not less than 250 ℃/min, and the higher cooling rate can ensure that the alloy obtains fine and uniform precipitated phases, thereby further improving the strength level of the alloy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly explained. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an FGH96 alloy extrusion mold core, wherein the inner diameter of the extrusion mold core is phi 130 mm-phi 169mm, the outer diameter of the extrusion mold core is phi 268 mm-phi 330mm, and the inlet cone angle of the mold core is 50-70 degrees.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Features of various aspects of embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to better understand the present invention by illustrating examples thereof. The present invention is not limited to any particular arrangement or method provided below, but rather covers all product structures, any modifications, alterations, etc. of the method covered without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
The horizontal extrusion mold core designed by the invention is made of FGH96 alloy, and the preparation process comprises the following steps of argon atomization powder preparation, powder screening, powder canning and sheathing, hot isostatic pressing, hot extrusion, rough machining, solid solution treatment, aging treatment and finish machining, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out argon atomization on FGH96 master alloy ingots to prepare powder, then carrying out screening treatment, selecting alloy powder with a grain size of +200 meshes (not less than 63 mu m), carrying out vacuum dynamic degassing treatment, filling into a powder sheath with the diameter of phi 800mm, and carrying out vacuum sealing welding;
(2) preheating the powder sheath subjected to vacuum sealing and welding, wherein the preheating temperature is 1030-1070 ℃;
(3) hot isostatic pressing the preheated powder-divided sheath under 1180 ℃/150MPa/4h to densify the alloy powder;
(4) processing the densified hot isostatic pressing ingot blank, and extruding the ingot blank into an extrusion bar material with the diameter phi of 300-350 mm by adopting a vertical extrusion process;
(5) cutting a blank with the thickness of 60mm from the extrusion rod, carrying out solid solution treatment under the condition of 1180 ℃/3h after rough machining, and cooling at the cooling speed of 250 ℃/min;
(6) and (3) after the solution treatment, performing aging treatment on the blank, and then performing finish machining to finally prepare the extrusion die core (shown in figure 1).
The first embodiment is as follows:
a horizontal extrusion mold core of powder superalloy, the external diameter phi 268mm, the internal diameter phi 131mm, the thickness is 42.79mm, the preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) carrying out argon atomization on FGH96 master alloy ingots to prepare powder, then carrying out screening treatment, selecting alloy powder with a grain size of +200 meshes (not less than 63 mu m), carrying out vacuum dynamic degassing treatment, filling into a powder sheath with the diameter of phi 800mm, and carrying out vacuum sealing welding;
(2) preheating the powder sheath subjected to vacuum sealing welding at 1050 ℃;
(3) hot isostatic pressing the preheated powder-divided sheath under 1180 ℃/150MPa/4h to densify the alloy powder;
(4) processing the densified hot isostatic pressing ingot blank, and extruding the ingot blank into an extrusion bar material with the diameter of 300mm by adopting a vertical extrusion process;
(5) cutting a blank from the extruded rod, and processing the blank into an annular piece with the outer diameter phi of 274mm, the inner diameter phi of 125mm and the thickness of 48 mm;
(6) carrying out solid solution treatment on the processed annular piece at 1180 ℃/3h, and cooling at a cooling speed of 250 ℃/min;
(6) and (3) after the solid solution treatment, performing aging treatment on the blank, and then performing finish machining to finally prepare the extrusion die core with the outer diameter phi 268mm, the inner diameter phi 131mm and the thickness of 42.79 mm.
(7) The die core is adopted to horizontally extrude the powder high-temperature alloy, and the powder high-temperature alloy extrusion bar with the diameter phi of 131mm is extruded. Compared with the bar extruded by the steel mould core of the common mould, the bar extruded by the mould core has better straightness and appearance integrity.
Example two:
a horizontal extrusion mold core of powder superalloy, the outer diameter phi 330mm, the inner diameter phi 169mm, the thickness is 38mm, the preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) carrying out argon atomization on FGH96 master alloy ingots to prepare powder, then carrying out screening treatment, selecting alloy powder with a grain size of +200 meshes (not less than 63 mu m), carrying out vacuum dynamic degassing treatment, filling into a powder sheath with the diameter of phi 800mm, and carrying out vacuum sealing welding;
(2) preheating the powder sheath subjected to vacuum sealing welding at 1050 ℃;
(3) hot isostatic pressing the preheated powder-divided sheath under 1180 ℃/150MPa/4h to densify the alloy powder;
(4) processing the densified hot isostatic pressing ingot blank, and extruding the ingot blank into an extrusion bar material with phi of 340mm by adopting a vertical extrusion process;
(5) cutting a blank from the extruded rod, and processing the blank into a ring-shaped piece with the outer diameter phi of 336mm, the inner diameter phi of 160mm and the thickness of 44 mm;
(6) carrying out solid solution treatment on the processed annular piece at 1180 ℃/3h, and cooling at a cooling speed of 250 ℃/min;
(6) and (3) after the solid solution treatment, performing aging treatment on the blank, and then performing finish machining to finally prepare the extrusion die core with the outer diameter phi of 330mm, the inner diameter phi of 169mm and the thickness of 38 mm.
(7) The die core is adopted to horizontally extrude the powder high-temperature alloy, and a powder high-temperature alloy extrusion bar with the diameter phi of 169mm is extruded.
The powder high-temperature alloy horizontal extrusion mold core is prepared by adopting FGH96 alloy and through the working procedures of argon atomization powder preparation, powder screening, powder canning, hot isostatic pressing, hot extrusion, rough machining, solid solution treatment, aging treatment, finish machining and the like, and the mold core has higher strength at high temperature by adopting FGH96 alloy and through a special preparation process and a heat treatment method, so that the mold core can be ensured not to deform in the extrusion process, and the appearance integrity, the straightness and the coaxiality of the extrusion bar are ensured. Meanwhile, the deformation characteristics of the die core and the extruded material are consistent, so that the cracking tendency of the powder superalloy extruded bar is favorably improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The horizontal extrusion mold core of powder superalloy is characterized in that: the horizontal powder superalloy extrusion mold core is made of FGH96 alloy, and the angle of the cone angle of the inlet of the extrusion mold core is 50-70 degrees; the external dimension of the extrusion device is matched with that of the extrusion device.
2. The horizontal extrusion die core of claim 1, wherein: the angle of the cone angle of the inlet of the extrusion mold core is 60 degrees.
3. A method of making the horizontal powder superalloy extrusion core of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method comprises the following steps: FGH96 alloy is atomized by argon gas to prepare powder, then is screened, alloy powder is selected to be filled into a powder sheath, then is subjected to hot isostatic pressing densification, then is subjected to hot isostatic pressing ingot blank to prepare a bar, and is subjected to solid solution cooling treatment and aging treatment after rough machining, and finally is finished into an extrusion mold core.
4. The method for preparing the horizontal extrusion die core of the powder superalloy according to claim 3, wherein: the cooling rate of the solution cooling treatment is not less than: 250 ℃/min.
5. The method for preparing the horizontal extrusion die core of the powder superalloy according to claim 3, wherein: the grain size of the alloy powder is +200 meshes.
6. The method for preparing the horizontal extrusion die core of the powder superalloy according to claim 3, wherein: and (3) extruding the hot isostatic pressing ingot blank into a bar by adopting a hot extrusion process, wherein the extrusion ratio is not less than 5: 1.
7. the method for preparing the horizontal extrusion die core of the powder superalloy according to claim 3, wherein: and the hot isostatic pressing densification temperature is 1180 ℃, the densification pressure is not less than 150MPa, and the densification time is 3-5 h.
8. The method for preparing the horizontal extrusion die core of the powder superalloy according to claim 3, wherein: the solid solution temperature of the extruded bar after rough machining is 1160 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the solid solution treatment is 3 hours.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02294407A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1990-12-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Hot isostatic pressing method |
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| CN104493167A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-04-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Method for forming powder high-temperature alloy annular member |
| CN104561662A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏环亚电热仪表有限公司 | Powder alloy and production technique thereof |
| CN104741612A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-07-01 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Powder high temperature alloy bar extrusion method |
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2020
- 2020-09-04 CN CN202010925841.9A patent/CN112045188A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02294407A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1990-12-05 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Hot isostatic pressing method |
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| CN104561662A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏环亚电热仪表有限公司 | Powder alloy and production technique thereof |
| CN104493167A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-04-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Method for forming powder high-temperature alloy annular member |
| CN104741612A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-07-01 | 内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司 | Powder high temperature alloy bar extrusion method |
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| Title |
|---|
| 王淑云等: "FGH96合金热挤压棒材超塑性研究", 《材料工程》 * |
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