CN112042001A - 混合电池组件和用于制造混合电池组件的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出一种混合电池组件(10),其具有:两侧敞开的、以电解质溶液填充的塑料壳体(12);设置在塑料壳体(12)中的、具有至少一个阴极(28)和至少一个阳极(26)的电极堆(24);以及由金属材料制成的两个罩盖(14、16),其中,第一罩盖(14)完全流体密封地遮盖塑料壳体(12)的第一开口(18),第二罩盖(16)完全流体密封地遮盖塑料壳体的第二开口(20),并且,所述至少一个阳极(26)通过第一接触元件(30)与第一罩盖(14)导电连接,所述至少一个阴极(28)通过第二接触元件(32)与第二罩盖(16)导电连接。此外,本发明提出一种用于制造混合电池组件(10)的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合电池组件(hybride Batteriekomponente)和一种用于制造混合电池组件的方法。
背景技术
混合电池组件、例如锂离子电池单元当前作为袋式电池单元、棱柱形电池单元或圆形电池单元来生产。在袋式电池单元中,电极焊接到塑料膜中。棱柱形电池单元具有金属的、矩形的壳体并且圆形电池单元具有金属的、圆柱形的壳体。
袋式电池单元和圆柱形电池单元具有如下缺点,即,提高电池单元安全性的元件几乎无法集成到相应的壳体中。在棱柱形电池单元中,这样的安全元件可以较容易地集成在壳体中,然而棱柱形电池单元在制造中是昂贵的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有高的电池安全性的混合电池组件,所述混合电池组件在其制造方面是有利的。
按照本发明,所述目的通过一种混合电池组件来解决,所述电池组件具有:两侧敞开的、以电解质溶液填充的塑料壳体;设置在所述塑料壳体中的、具有至少一个阴极和至少一个阳极的电极堆;以及由金属材料制成的两个罩盖,其中,第一罩盖完全流体密封地遮盖所述塑料壳体的第一开口,并且第二罩盖完全流体密封地遮盖所述塑料壳体的第二开口,并且,所述至少一个阳极通过第一接触元件与所述第一罩盖导电连接,并且所述至少一个阴极通过第二接触元件与所述第二罩盖导电连接。
这样构造的混合电池组件是特别低成本的、特别是由于使用塑料壳体。例如,所述塑料壳体是注塑件。在此,可以在所述塑料壳体中集成不同的结构和元件,而这不会不利地影响制造成本。金属的罩盖可以同时用作向外的接触面。
按照一种实施方式,在所述塑料壳体中设置有能封闭的填注开口,以便以电解质溶液填充所述壳体。这具有如下优点:可以在装配这两个罩盖之后进行以电解质溶液填充所述塑料壳体。例如,所述填充可以借助于喷嘴进行,所述喷嘴可以插入到所述填注开口中。由此,在填充期间电解质溶液倾洒的风险被最小化。
例如,所述罩盖由铝制成,其中,至少设置在阳极侧上的罩盖至少在与电解质溶液相接触的面上具有保护层。所述保护层例如包含铜或者由铜制成。由此,保护所述罩盖免受腐蚀。然而,所述罩盖也可以由其他合适的金属制成。
优选地,在所述塑料壳体中集成有冷却装置、特别是以一个或多个冷却通道的形式。所述冷却装置可以要么在注塑的情况下直接构造在所述塑料壳体中要么通过事后对所述塑料壳体进行加工处理来形成。
为了提高电池组件的电池安全性,可以在所述塑料壳体中集成有至少一个安全元件。例如,可以在所述塑料壳体中设置破裂膜,所述破裂膜在预先给定的压力下断裂。在一种特别优选的实施方式中,所述破裂膜与所述壳体一件式地成型。在此,所述破裂膜例如是塑料壳体的如下区域,在所述区域中壳体壁比周围的壳体壁更薄、特别是如此之薄,使得所述壳体壁在限定的压力下破裂。替代地,所述破裂膜可以是单独的构件,所述构件在制造塑料壳体之后例如通过热接合集成在所述塑料壳体中。
优选地,所述罩盖借助于机械附着被固定在所述塑料壳体上。为此目的,所述罩盖的表面至少这样局部地结构化,使得所述罩盖的结构化区域具有在微米范围内和/或在亚微米范围内的结构元件。由此,所述电池组件可以特别紧凑地且在没有附加的固定元件的情况下制造,这又有利地影响制造成本。也可以省去使用粘合剂。
此外,按照本发明,所述目的通过一种用于制造如前述构造的混合电池组件的方法来解决,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供两侧敞开的塑料壳体和由金属材料制成的两个罩盖,
b)将所述罩盖的表面至少局部地结构化为使得所述罩盖的结构化区域具有在微米范围内和/或在在亚微米范围内的结构元件,
c)将第一罩盖设置在所述塑料壳体的第一开口上并且在输入热的情况下与所述塑料壳体固定连接,
d)将具有至少一个阴极和至少一个阳极的电极堆设置在所述塑料壳体中,并且
e)在步骤d)之后,将第二罩盖设置在所述塑料壳体的第二开口上并且在输入热的情况下与所述塑料壳体固定连接。
按照所述方法制造的电池组件可以是特别成本有利的。
在步骤c)与e)之间或者在步骤e)之后,可以将电解质溶液填注到所述塑料壳体中。如果在步骤c)与e)之间、亦即在装配第一罩盖之后但是在装配第二罩盖之前,以电解质溶液填充所述塑料壳体,则可以省去在所述塑料壳体中的填注开口。在步骤e)之后、亦即在装配这两个罩盖之后填充所述塑料壳体具有如下优点:所述填充较容易并且在装配期间电解质溶液泼洒的风险最小化。
优选地,所述至少一个阴极和所述至少一个阳极分别通过接触元件与所述第一罩盖和所述第二罩盖导电连接,其中,所述接触元件借助于热接合与所述罩盖相连接。通过热接合可以在所述接触元件与所述罩盖之间建立可靠地导电连接,从而所述罩盖又可以用作向外的接触面。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点和特征由下面的描述和下面的附图得出。图中:
图1示意性示出按照本发明的混合电池组件,以及
图2示意性示出按照本发明的混合电池组件的分解图。
具体实施方式
图1示出按照本发明的混合电池组件10,所述混合电池组件具有两侧敞开的塑料壳体12和由金属材料制成的两个罩盖14、16。在此,第一罩盖14流体密封地遮盖所述塑料壳体12的第一开口18,并且第二罩盖16流体密封地遮盖所述塑料壳体12的第二开口20,从而形成封闭的内部空间22。所述内部空间以电解质溶液填充。塑料壳体12在所示出的实施方式中构造为矩形的框架。优选地,所述塑料壳体12是注塑件、特别是由聚丙烯制成。
罩盖14、16例如通过机械附着被固定在塑料壳体12上。然而也可以考虑其他可行性,以便将罩盖14、16固定在塑料壳体上、例如通过粘接或附加的固定元件。
罩盖14、16可由铝制成,其中,至少设置在阳极侧上的罩盖14至少在与所述电解质溶液相接触的面上具有保护层。
此外,电池组件10包括设置在塑料壳体12中的电极堆24,所述电极堆具有交替设置的多个阳极26和多个阴极28。
阳极26通过第一接触元件30与第一罩盖14导电连接,并且阴极28通过第二接触元件32与第二罩盖16导电连接。为此目的,所述电极26、28例如分别具有在周向侧伸出的接片,所述电极26、28可分别在所述接片上与接触元件30、32接触接通。在此,所有阳极26的接片和所有阴极28的接片在电极堆24的俯视图中分别叠合地设置。为了简单起见,在附图中没有示出这些接片,然而对于本领域技术人员来说这种接触接通是充分已知的。
接触元件30、32构造为板条,所述板条分别沿着电极堆24延伸直至罩盖14、16并且与所述罩盖导电连接,例如通过热接合、特别是通过激光或超声波焊接。由此,所述罩盖14、16可以向外用作接触接通部并且电池组件10可以按照双极电池的意义来使用。
在塑料壳体12中可以附加地集成冷却通道34和/或安全元件、例如破裂膜36。由此,提高电池组件10的电池安全性。在图1中,为了简单起见未示出所述元件,然而图2示意性地示出多个冷却通道34以及破裂膜36,所述冷却通道沿着矩形的塑料壳体12的一侧延伸。所述破裂膜36例如是具有比塑料壳体12的周围的壁更小的壁厚的区域。
下面借助于图2示意性地描述用于制造混合电池组件10的方法。
首先,提供两侧敞开的塑料壳体12和由金属材料制成的两个罩盖14、16。所述罩盖14、16的表面至少局部地结构化、特别是在装配之后与所述塑料壳体12相接触的区域38中结构化。
所述罩盖14、16的结构化区域38特别是具有在微米范围内和/或在亚微米范围内的结构元件。通过所述结构元件在结构化区域38中形成侧凹部和/或凹陷部。
随后,将第一罩盖14设置在所述塑料壳体12的第一开口18上并且在输入热的情况下与所述塑料壳体12固定连接。
接着,将电极堆24设置在所述塑料壳体12的内部空间22中。
在电极堆24设置在塑料壳体12中之后,可以将第二罩盖16设置在所述塑料壳体12的第二开口20上并且在输入热的情况下与所述塑料壳体12固定连接。
在罩盖14、16与塑料壳体12相连接的情况下,通过输入热使塑料壳体12部分地熔化,更确切地说,这样熔化,使得所述塑料壳体12的液态的塑料可以流入到所述结构元件中、特别是流入到罩盖14、16的凹陷部和侧凹部中。在所述塑料又冷却和硬化之后,塑料材料锚定在罩盖14、16中,并且因此所述罩盖14、16固定保持在塑料壳体12上。在此,也称为机械附着。
在固定第一罩盖14在所述塑料壳体上之后并且在将第二罩盖16固定在所述塑料壳体12上之前,可以将为了简单起见将未示出的电解质溶液填充到所述塑料壳体12中。替代地,可以在固定这两个罩盖14、16之后通过填注开口将电解质溶液填注到所述塑料壳体12中。
电极堆24的阳极26和阴极28分别通过接触元件30、32与第一罩盖14和第二罩盖导电连接,其中,接触元件30、32借助于热接合、特别是通过激光或超声波焊接与罩盖14、16相连接。
按照一种实施方式,在将第一罩盖14固定在塑料壳体12上之后,电极堆24可以通过第一接触元件30固定在罩盖14上。由此,所述电极堆24固定在所期望的位置中并且当第二罩盖16被固定时则不会再滑脱。此外,在此可行的是,在塑料壳体12中设置装配辅助装置,所述装配辅助装置将电极堆24保持在所期望的位置中,直至所述电极堆被固定在第一罩盖14上。替代地,所述电极堆24也可以在将第一罩盖14固定在塑料壳体12上之前已经固定在罩盖14上。于是,在将罩盖14放置在塑料壳体12上的情况下则将电极堆24引入到壳体12中。
Claims (9)
1.混合电池组件(10),所述电池组件具有:两侧敞开的、以电解质溶液填充的塑料壳体(12);设置在所述塑料壳体(12)中的、具有至少一个阴极(28)和至少一个阳极(26)的电极堆(24);以及由金属材料制成的两个罩盖(14、16),其中,第一罩盖(14)完全流体密封地遮盖所述塑料壳体(12)的第一开口(18),并且第二罩盖(16)完全流体密封地遮盖所述塑料壳体的第二开口(20),并且,所述至少一个阳极(26)通过第一接触元件(30)与所述第一罩盖(14)导电连接,并且所述至少一个阴极(28)通过第二接触元件(32)与所述第二罩盖(16)导电连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的混合电池组件(10),其特征在于,在所述塑料壳体(12)中设置有能封闭的填注开口,以便以电解质溶液填充所述壳体(12)。
3.按照上述权利要求之一所述的混合电池组件(10),其特征在于,所述罩盖(14、16)由铝制成,其中,至少设置在阳极侧上的罩盖(14)至少在与所述电解质溶液相接触的面上具有保护层。
4.按照上述权利要求之一所述的混合电池组件(10),其特征在于,在所述塑料壳体(12)中集成有冷却装置。
5.按照上述权利要求之一所述的混合电池组件(10),其特征在于,在所述塑料壳体(12)中集成有至少一个安全元件。
6.按照上述权利要求之一所述的混合电池组件(10),其特征在于,所述罩盖(14、16)借助于机械附着被固定在所述塑料壳体(12)上。
7.用于制造按照上述权利要求之一所述的混合电池组件(10)的方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)提供两侧敞开的塑料壳体(12)和由金属材料制成的两个罩盖(14、16),
b)将所述罩盖(14、16)的表面至少局部地结构化为使得所述罩盖(14、16)的结构化区域(38)具有在微米范围内和/或在亚微米范围内的结构元件,
c)将第一罩盖(14)设置在所述塑料壳体(12)的第一开口(18)上并且在输入热的情况下与所述塑料壳体(12)固定连接,
d)将具有至少一个阴极(28)和至少一个阳极(26)的电极堆(24)设置在所述塑料壳体(12)中,并且
e)在步骤d)之后,将第二罩盖(16)设置在所述塑料壳体(12)的第二开口(20)上并且在输入热的情况下与所述塑料壳体(12)固定连接。
8.按照权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤c)与e)之间或在步骤e)之后,将电解质溶液填注到所述塑料壳体(12)中。
9.按照权利要求7至8之一所述的方法,其特征在于,使所述至少一个阴极(28)和所述至少一个阳极(26)分别通过接触元件(30、32)与所述第一罩盖(14)和所述第二罩盖(16)导电连接,其中,借助于热接合使所述接触元件(30、32)与所述罩盖(14、16)相连接。
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PCT/EP2019/060829 WO2019228722A1 (de) | 2018-05-30 | 2019-04-26 | Hybride batteriekomponente und verfahren zum herstellen einer hybriden batteriekomponente |
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- 2019-04-26 US US17/049,063 patent/US20210242522A1/en not_active Abandoned
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