CN112038667B - Gas circulation humidifying method and device for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test - Google Patents

Gas circulation humidifying method and device for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test Download PDF

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CN112038667B
CN112038667B CN202010958733.1A CN202010958733A CN112038667B CN 112038667 B CN112038667 B CN 112038667B CN 202010958733 A CN202010958733 A CN 202010958733A CN 112038667 B CN112038667 B CN 112038667B
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hydrogen
oxygen
fuel cell
humidifier
gas
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CN112038667A (en
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刘骞
陈标
刘助春
张丹
周美
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Chuangdian Shanghai New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Hunan Automotive Engineering Vocational College
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a gas circulation humidifying method and a gas circulation humidifying device for testing a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The method comprises the steps of arranging a main fuel cell, an auxiliary fuel cell, a hydrogen residual gas circulating system, an oxygen residual gas circulating system and a residual gas power supply heating system; and controlling the gas circulation of the hydrogen residual gas circulation system, the oxygen residual gas circulation system and the residual gas power supply heating system according to the supply ratio of the hydrogen and the oxygen. The invention introduces excessive hydrogen or oxygen into the main fuel cell to participate in the reaction again; excessive hydrogen and oxygen are introduced into a secondary fuel cell for reaction, so that a storage battery is charged and is used for heating negative ion water in a humidifier, and the utilization efficiency of the hydrogen and the oxygen is improved; and according to the target humidity and the flow rate of the circulating gas, the proportion relation between the humid gas flowing through the humidifier in the supplied gas and the dry gas bypassing the humidifier is adjusted, so that the rapid and accurate adjustment of the gas humidity is realized.

Description

Gas circulation humidifying method and device for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, in particular to a gas circulating and humidifying method and device for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell testing.
Background
The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is a continuous energy conversion device for generating water and electric energy by electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen under specific conditions, has the advantages of high efficiency, cleanness and silence, is an automobile power source with great development prospect, and is also a research hotspot of domestic and overseas colleges and scientific research institutions.
The gas flow rate has a significant effect on the performance of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells. In the process of researching the performance of the fuel cell, performance comparison experiments under different gas flow rates need to be carried out. The existing hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell testing system generally directly discharges residual gas into the external environment under the condition that hydrogen and oxygen are excessive or single gas is excessive, so that certain potential safety hazards are caused while gas waste is caused. Part of the existing hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell testing systems are added with a fuel cell residual gas circulating device, but the residual gas cannot be fully reacted because the reaction ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is not considered.
Gas humidity also has a significant impact on the performance of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells. In the process of researching the performance of the fuel cell, performance comparison experiments under different gas humidities need to be carried out. The existing fuel cell testing system generally humidifies reaction gas through water vapor, and rapid and accurate humidity adjustment cannot be realized. In addition, the conventional fuel cell test system with the residual gas circulation device generally only mixes the residual gas with the supply gas and introduces the mixture into the fuel cell to participate in the reaction, and the problem of residual gas humidification is not considered.
Patent CN201610461504 consumes residual hydrogen and oxygen using a secondary fuel cell, reducing gas emissions. However, this design has the following disadvantages: first, hydrogen and oxygen are not necessarily supplied in a reaction ratio, and thus an excess of a single gas, which cannot be reacted in the secondary fuel cell, may occur; secondly, after the reaction of the residual hydrogen and oxygen in the secondary fuel cell, a part of residual gas may still exist, and the part of gas cannot be processed; thirdly, the moisture separator is arranged in the circulation pipeline, the humidity of the gas flowing to the secondary fuel cell cannot be controlled, and the cathode of the primary fuel cell can generate a large amount of water in the reaction process, so that the electrode of the secondary fuel cell can be submerged; fourthly, a special humidifying device is not designed in the system, the first-stage fuel cell controls the gas humidity only by the humid gas after reaction and a water-gas separator in a circulating pipeline, and the gas humidity is continuously reduced in the circulating process.
Patent CN201610867564 discloses the conversion of residual gases into thermal energy by combustion, but the following problems exist: firstly, whether the fuel cell needs to be heated or not is related to the exothermic condition of the reaction and the temperature of the external environment, and the heating is not always needed; secondly, high-temperature gas is used as a heat transfer medium, the specific heat capacity of the gas is relatively low, and the energy converted by burning residual gas is easy to dissipate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one defect in the prior art, the invention provides a method which can quickly and accurately adjust the humidity of hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell and simultaneously ensure the reasonable cyclic utilization of the hydrogen and the oxygen in the test application of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following method:
the gas circulation humidifying method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test is provided with a main fuel cell and a secondary fuel cell, a hydrogen residual gas circulation system is arranged, and after the hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell is mixed and humidified with the normally supplied hydrogen, the hydrogen is reintroduced into the main fuel cell for reaction;
arranging an oxygen residual gas circulating system, mixing and humidifying the oxygen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell and the normally supplied oxygen, and then reintroducing the oxygen into the main fuel cell for reaction;
a residual gas power supply heating system is arranged to humidify the hydrogen and oxygen which are not completely reacted in the main fuel cell, and then the hydrogen and oxygen are led into the secondary fuel cell to react, and the secondary fuel cell provides electric energy for heating the deionized water in the gas humidifier;
and controlling the gas circulation of the hydrogen residual gas circulation system, the oxygen residual gas circulation system and the residual gas power supply heating system according to the supply proportion relation of the hydrogen and the oxygen and whether the hydrogen and the oxygen are excessive, and simultaneously adjusting the proportion relation of the humid gas and the dry gas to quickly and quantitatively adjust the humidity of the hydrogen and the oxygen supplied to the main fuel cell.
Further, the hydrogen residual gas circulation system comprises a hydrogen normal supply main circuit and a hydrogen residual gas bypass, the hydrogen normal supply main circuit humidifies and preserves the temperature of hydrogen and inputs the hydrogen to the main fuel cell, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the hydrogen residual gas bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with the un-humidified gas path and the humidified gas path in the hydrogen normal supply main circuit;
the oxygen residual gas circulating system comprises an oxygen normal supply main circuit and an oxygen residual gas bypass, wherein the oxygen normal supply main circuit inputs oxygen to the main fuel cell after humidifying and insulating the oxygen, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass, and the oxygen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with an un-humidified gas path and a humidified gas path in the oxygen normal supply main circuit;
the residual gas power generation and heat supply system comprises a hydrogen residual gas secondary main circuit, a hydrogen residual gas secondary bypass, an oxygen residual gas secondary main circuit and an oxygen residual gas secondary bypass; the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary main path is used for humidifying and insulating residual hydrogen output by the main fuel cell and inputting the humidified and insulated residual hydrogen into the auxiliary fuel cell, the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell is connected with a hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass is connected with a hydrogen residual gas bypass; the oxygen residual gas secondary main path inputs residual oxygen output by the main fuel cell into the secondary fuel cell after humidifying and insulating, the output end of the secondary fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass, and the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass.
Further, the main normal hydrogen supply path comprises a hydrogen supply flow meter, a hydrogen humidification three-way valve, a hydrogen humidifier and a hydrogen heat preservation pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen heat preservation pipe is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell, and the main normal hydrogen supply path also comprises a hydrogen gas-water separator and a residual hydrogen three-way valve which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell; the hydrogen residual gas bypass comprises a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen circulating flowmeter and a hydrogen circulating check valve which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen circulating pump is connected with a residual hydrogen three-way valve, and the hydrogen circulating check valve is connected with the output end of the hydrogen humidifier and is also connected with the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve;
the oxygen normal supply main path comprises an oxygen supply flow meter, an oxygen humidification three-way valve, an oxygen humidifier and an oxygen heat preservation pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein the oxygen heat preservation pipe is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell, and the oxygen normal supply main path also comprises an oxygen gas-water separator and a residual oxygen three-way valve which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell; the oxygen residual gas bypass comprises an oxygen circulating pump, an oxygen circulating flow meter and an oxygen circulating check valve which are sequentially connected, the oxygen circulating pump is connected with a residual oxygen three-way valve, and the oxygen circulating check valve is connected with the output end of the oxygen humidifier and is simultaneously connected with an oxygen humidifying three-way valve.
Further, the hydrogen residual gas main secondary path comprises a secondary hydrogen humidifier and a secondary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe, wherein the input end of the secondary hydrogen humidifier is connected with the residual hydrogen three-way valve, the output end of the secondary hydrogen humidifier is connected with the secondary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe, and the other end of the secondary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe is connected with the input end of the secondary fuel cell; the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary hydrogen-water separator and an auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve, wherein the auxiliary hydrogen-water separator is connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell, and the other end of the auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve is connected with a hydrogen circulation pump; the oxygen residual gas main secondary path comprises a secondary oxygen humidifier and a secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe, wherein the input end of the oxygen humidifier is connected with the residual oxygen three-way valve, the output end of the oxygen humidifier is connected with the secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe, and the other end of the secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe is connected with the input end of the secondary fuel cell; the oxygen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary oxygen-water separator and an auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve, wherein the auxiliary oxygen-water separator is connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell, and the other end of the auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve is connected with the oxygen circulation pump.
Further, when the hydrogen and the oxygen are normally supplied, according to the target hydrogen humidity set by the system, the proportional relation between the wet hydrogen flow passing through the hydrogen humidifier and the dry hydrogen flow bypassing the hydrogen humidifier is determined by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve, so that the adjustment of the hydrogen humidity supplied to the main fuel cell is realized; according to the target oxygen humidity set by the system, the proportional relation between the humid oxygen flow passing through the oxygen humidifier and the dry oxygen flow bypassing the oxygen humidifier is determined by adjusting the opening of the oxygen humidification three-way valve, so that the adjustment of the oxygen humidity supplied to the main fuel cell is realized.
Further, when the hydrogen and the oxygen are normally supplied, the hydrogen humidity adjustment introduced into the main fuel cell adopts a calculation formula:
Figure BDA0002677642980000041
wherein G is the percentage of the wet hydrogen flow flowing through the hydrogen humidifier in the total hydrogen supply flow when the hydrogen and the oxygen are normally supplied, and a is the percentage of the hydrogen humidity after flowing through the hydrogen humidifier under the working condition;
the oxygen humidity regulation introduced into the main fuel cell adopts a calculation formula:
Figure BDA0002677642980000042
wherein G is the percentage of the humid oxygen flow flowing through the oxygen humidifier to the total oxygen supply flow, and b is the percentage of the oxygen humidity after flowing through the oxygen humidifier.
Further, when the hydrogen to oxygen supply ratio is greater than 2:1, and oxygen is completely reacted in the main fuel cell,
controlling a residual hydrogen three-way valve to conduct a pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator and the hydrogen circulating pump, and simultaneously stopping a pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator and the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier;
the hydrogen humidity calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell:
Figure BDA0002677642980000043
j is the percentage of the humid hydrogen flow flowing through the hydrogen humidifier in the total supply flow of the hydrogen when the supply ratio of the hydrogen to the oxygen is greater than 2:1, and c is the percentage of the humidity of the hydrogen after flowing through the hydrogen humidifier under the working condition;
adjusting the opening of a hydrogen humidifying three-way valve according to the target hydrogen humidity set by the system and the current circulating and recycling dry hydrogen flow to determine the proportional relation between the wet hydrogen flow passing through the hydrogen humidifier and the dry hydrogen flow bypassing the hydrogen humidifier;
when the supply ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is less than 2:1 and the hydrogen completely reacts in the main fuel cell, controlling the residual oxygen three-way valve to conduct a pipeline between the oxygen-water separator and the oxygen circulating pump and simultaneously stopping a pipeline between the oxygen-water separator and the secondary oxygen humidifier;
the oxygen humidity calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell:
Figure BDA0002677642980000051
wherein K is the percentage of the humid oxygen flow flowing through the oxygen humidifier in the total oxygen supply flow when the supply ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is less than 2:1, and d is the percentage of the oxygen humidity after flowing through the oxygen humidifier under the working condition.
And adjusting the opening of the oxygen humidifying three-way valve according to the target oxygen humidity set by the system and the current recycled dry oxygen flow to determine the proportional relation between the humid oxygen flow flowing through the oxygen humidifier and the dry oxygen flow bypassing the oxygen humidifier.
Further, when hydrogen and oxygen are simultaneously in excess,
controlling a residual hydrogen three-way valve to cut off a pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator and the hydrogen circulating pump, and simultaneously conducting a pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator and the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier;
the hydrogen humidity adjustment calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell:
Figure BDA0002677642980000052
wherein, M is the percentage of the humid hydrogen flow flowing through the hydrogen humidifier to the total supply flow of the hydrogen, and e is the percentage of the humidity of the hydrogen after flowing through the hydrogen humidifier under the working condition;
adjusting the opening of a hydrogen humidifying three-way valve according to the target hydrogen humidity set by the system and the current recycled dry hydrogen flow to determine the proportional relation between the wet hydrogen flow passing through the hydrogen humidifier and the dry hydrogen flow bypassing the hydrogen humidifier;
controlling a residual oxygen three-way valve to cut off a pipeline between the oxygen-water-gas separator and the oxygen circulating pump, and simultaneously conducting a pipeline between the oxygen-water-gas separator and the secondary oxygen humidifier;
the oxygen humidity adjustment calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell:
Figure BDA0002677642980000053
wherein, N is the percentage of the humid oxygen flow flowing through the oxygen humidifier to the total oxygen supply flow, and f is the percentage of the oxygen humidity after flowing through the oxygen humidifier under the working condition;
and adjusting the opening of the oxygen humidifying three-way valve according to the target oxygen humidity set by the system and the current recycled dry oxygen flow to determine the proportional relation between the humid oxygen flow flowing through the oxygen humidifier and the dry oxygen flow bypassing the oxygen humidifier.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a device for implementing the above gas circulation humidification method for testing hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, which includes a main fuel cell, a secondary fuel cell, a load, a hydrogen residual gas circulation system and an oxygen residual gas circulation system, wherein the hydrogen residual gas circulation system includes a hydrogen normal supply main path and a hydrogen residual gas bypass, the hydrogen normal supply main path humidifies and preserves the temperature of hydrogen and inputs the hydrogen to the main fuel cell, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the hydrogen residual gas bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with the un-humidified and humidified gas paths in the hydrogen normal supply main path;
the oxygen residual gas circulating system comprises an oxygen normal supply main circuit and an oxygen residual gas bypass, wherein the oxygen normal supply main circuit inputs oxygen to the main fuel cell after humidifying and insulating the oxygen, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass, and the oxygen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with an un-humidified gas path and a humidified gas path in the oxygen normal supply main circuit;
the residual gas power generation and heat supply system comprises a hydrogen residual gas secondary main circuit, a hydrogen residual gas secondary bypass, an oxygen residual gas secondary main circuit and an oxygen residual gas secondary bypass; the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary main path is used for humidifying and insulating residual hydrogen output by the main fuel cell and inputting the humidified and insulated residual hydrogen into the auxiliary fuel cell, the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell is connected with a hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass is connected with a hydrogen residual gas bypass; the oxygen residual gas secondary main path inputs residual oxygen output by the main fuel cell into the secondary fuel cell after humidifying and insulating, the output end of the secondary fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass, and the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass.
Further, the main normal hydrogen supply path comprises a hydrogen supply flow meter, a hydrogen humidification three-way valve, a hydrogen humidifier and a hydrogen heat preservation pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen heat preservation pipe is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell, and the main normal hydrogen supply path also comprises a hydrogen gas-water separator and a residual hydrogen three-way valve which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell; the hydrogen residual gas bypass comprises a hydrogen circulating pump, a hydrogen circulating flowmeter and a hydrogen circulating check valve which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen circulating pump is connected with a residual hydrogen three-way valve, and the hydrogen circulating check valve is connected with the output end of the hydrogen humidifier and is also connected with the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve;
the oxygen normal supply main path comprises an oxygen supply flow meter, an oxygen humidification three-way valve, an oxygen humidifier and an oxygen heat preservation pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein the oxygen heat preservation pipe is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell, and the oxygen normal supply main path also comprises an oxygen gas-water separator and a residual oxygen three-way valve which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell; the oxygen residual gas bypass comprises an oxygen circulating pump, an oxygen circulating flow meter and an oxygen circulating check valve which are sequentially connected, wherein the oxygen circulating pump is connected with a residual oxygen three-way valve, and the oxygen circulating check valve is connected with the output end of the oxygen humidifier and is also connected with the output end of the oxygen humidifier;
the hydrogen residual gas main secondary path comprises a secondary hydrogen humidifier and a secondary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe, wherein the input end of the secondary hydrogen humidifier is connected with the residual hydrogen three-way valve, the output end of the secondary hydrogen humidifier is connected with the secondary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe, and the other end of the secondary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe is connected with the input end of the secondary fuel cell; the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary hydrogen-water separator and an auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve, wherein the auxiliary hydrogen-water separator is connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell, and the other end of the auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve is connected with a hydrogen circulation pump; the oxygen residual gas main secondary path comprises a secondary oxygen humidifier and a secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe, wherein the input end of the oxygen humidifier is connected with the residual oxygen three-way valve, the output end of the oxygen humidifier is connected with the secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe, and the other end of the secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe is connected with the input end of the secondary fuel cell; the oxygen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary oxygen-water separator and an auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve, wherein the auxiliary oxygen-water separator is connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell, and the other end of the auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve is connected with an oxygen circulation pump;
the residual gas power generation and heat supply system further comprises a DC/DC converter, a storage battery, a PTC heater and a humidification circulating pump, wherein the secondary fuel cell charges the storage battery through the DC/DC converter, and the storage battery supplies power for the PTC heater and is used for heating deionized water in the hydrogen humidifier, the oxygen humidifier, the secondary hydrogen humidifier and the secondary oxygen humidifier.
This scheme is in the aspect of residual gas circulation: when only hydrogen is excessive, the hydrogen residual gas circulation system mixes and humidifies the hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell and the normally supplied hydrogen, and then the hydrogen is reintroduced into the main fuel cell to participate in the reaction; when only excessive oxygen exists, the oxygen residual gas circulation system mixes and humidifies the oxygen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell and the normally supplied oxygen, and then the oxygen is reintroduced into the main fuel cell to participate in the reaction; when both hydrogen and oxygen are excessive, the residual gas power generation and heat supply system guides the residual hydrogen and the residual oxygen into the secondary fuel cell for reaction, and the generated energy is finally used for heating the deionized water in the gas humidifier. If residual hydrogen and residual oxygen remain after the reaction of the secondary fuel cell, the residual hydrogen and the residual oxygen are reintroduced into the primary fuel cell to participate in the reaction.
In terms of gas humidification: the hydrogen humidification three-way valve and the oxygen humidification three-way valve adjust the opening degrees of the hydrogen humidification three-way valve and the oxygen humidification three-way valve according to the target humidity of the hydrogen and the oxygen set by the system and the flow rate of the currently circulating hydrogen and the oxygen so as to adjust the proportion relation between the flow rate of the humid gas flowing through the hydrogen humidifier and the oxygen humidifier and the flow rate of the dry hydrogen and the oxygen bypassing the hydrogen humidifier and the oxygen humidifier, and realize the rapid and accurate humidity adjustment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) introducing the single excessive hydrogen or oxygen into the main fuel cell to participate in the reaction again; and excessive hydrogen and oxygen are simultaneously introduced into the secondary fuel cell for reaction, so that the storage battery is charged and is used for heating the anion water in the humidifier, and the utilization efficiency of the hydrogen and the oxygen is improved.
(2) According to the target humidity and the flow rate of the circulating gas, the proportion relation between the humid gas flowing through the humidifier in the supplied gas and the dry gas bypassing the humidifier is adjusted, and the rapid and accurate adjustment of the gas humidity is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a humidifying device of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test cycle in accordance with example 1.
Wherein, 1 main fuel cell, 2 auxiliary fuel cells, 3 hydrogen supply flow meter, 4 hydrogen humidification three-way valve, 5 hydrogen humidifier, 6 hydrogen heat preservation pipe, 7 hydrogen circulation check valve, 8 hydrogen circulation flow meter, 9 hydrogen circulation pump, 10 hydrogen gas water separator, 11 residual hydrogen three-way valve, 12 auxiliary hydrogen humidifier, 13 auxiliary hydrogen heat preservation pipe, 14 auxiliary hydrogen gas water separator, 15 auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve, 16 oxygen supply flow meter, 17 oxygen humidification three-way valve, 18 oxygen humidifier, 19 oxygen heat preservation pipe, 20 oxygen circulation check valve, 21 oxygen circulation flow meter, 22 oxygen circulation pump, 23 oxygen gas water separator, 24 residual oxygen three-way valve, 25 auxiliary oxygen humidifier, 26 auxiliary oxygen heat preservation pipe, 27 auxiliary oxygen gas water separator, 28 auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve, 29DC/DC converter, 30 storage battery, 31PTC heater, 32 humidification circulation pump, 33 load.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; "connected" herein may be either a direct connection or an indirect connection; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a gas circulation humidifying device for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell testing, which comprises a main fuel cell, a secondary fuel cell, a load, a hydrogen residual gas circulation system, an oxygen residual gas circulation system and a residual gas power generation and heat supply system.
The hydrogen residual gas circulating system comprises a hydrogen normal supply main circuit and a hydrogen residual gas bypass, wherein the hydrogen normal supply main circuit humidifies and preserves the temperature of hydrogen and inputs the hydrogen to the main fuel cell, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the hydrogen residual gas bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with an un-humidified gas path and a humidified gas path in the hydrogen normal supply main circuit; the oxygen residual gas circulating system comprises an oxygen normal supply main circuit and an oxygen residual gas bypass, wherein the oxygen normal supply main circuit humidifies and preserves the oxygen and inputs the oxygen to the main fuel cell, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass, and the oxygen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with the gas path which is not humidified and is humidified in the oxygen normal supply main circuit; the residual gas power generation and heat supply system comprises a hydrogen residual gas secondary main circuit, a hydrogen residual gas secondary bypass, an oxygen residual gas secondary main circuit and an oxygen residual gas secondary bypass; the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary main path is used for humidifying and insulating residual hydrogen output by the main fuel cell and inputting the humidified and insulated residual hydrogen into the auxiliary fuel cell, the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell is connected with a hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass is connected with a hydrogen residual gas bypass; the oxygen residual gas secondary main path inputs residual oxygen output by the main fuel cell into the secondary fuel cell after humidifying and insulating, the output end of the secondary fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass, and the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, the solid line is a gas circuit connection, the dotted line is a circuit connection, and the dot-dash line is a water circuit connection.
The hydrogen normal supply main path comprises a hydrogen supply flowmeter 3, a hydrogen humidification three-way valve 4, a hydrogen humidifier 5 and a hydrogen heat preservation pipe 6 which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen heat preservation pipe 6 is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell 1, and the hydrogen normal supply main path also comprises a hydrogen gas-water separator 10 and a residual hydrogen three-way valve 11 which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell 1; the hydrogen residual gas bypass comprises a hydrogen circulating pump 9, a hydrogen circulating flowmeter 8 and a hydrogen circulating check valve 7 which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen circulating pump 9 is connected with a residual hydrogen three-way valve 11, and the hydrogen circulating check valve 7 is connected with the output end of the hydrogen humidifier 5 and the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4;
the main oxygen normal supply path comprises an oxygen supply flow meter 16, an oxygen humidification three-way valve 17, an oxygen humidifier 18 and an oxygen heat preservation pipe 19 which are sequentially connected, wherein the oxygen heat preservation pipe 19 is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell 1, and the main oxygen supply path also comprises an oxygen-gas-water separator 23 and a residual oxygen three-way valve 24 which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell 1; the oxygen residual gas bypass comprises an oxygen circulating pump 22, an oxygen circulating flow meter 21 and an oxygen circulating check valve 20 which are sequentially connected, the oxygen circulating pump 22 is connected with a residual oxygen three-way valve 24, and the oxygen circulating check valve 20 is connected with the output end of the oxygen humidifier 18 and is simultaneously connected with the oxygen humidifying three-way valve 17.
The hydrogen residual gas auxiliary main path comprises an auxiliary hydrogen humidifier 12 and an auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe 13, wherein the input end of the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier 12 is connected with the residual hydrogen three-way valve 11, the output end of the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier is connected with the auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe 13, and the other end of the auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe 13 is connected with the input end of the auxiliary fuel cell 2; the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary hydrogen-water separator 14 and an auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve 15, wherein the auxiliary hydrogen-water separator 14 is connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell 2, and the other end of the auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve 15 is connected with the hydrogen circulation pump 9; the oxygen residual gas auxiliary main path comprises an auxiliary oxygen humidifier 25 and an auxiliary oxygen heat-preservation pipe 26, the input end of the oxygen humidifier 25 is connected with the residual oxygen three-way valve 24, the output end of the oxygen humidifier is connected with the auxiliary oxygen heat-preservation pipe 26, and the other end of the auxiliary oxygen heat-preservation pipe 26 is connected with the input end of the auxiliary fuel cell 2; the oxygen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary oxygen gas-water separator 27 connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell 2 and an auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve 28, and the other end of the auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve 28 is connected with the oxygen circulation pump 22;
the residual gas power generation and heat supply system comprises a DC/DC converter 29, a storage battery 30, a PTC heater 31 and a humidification circulating pump 32, wherein the secondary fuel cell 2 charges the storage battery 30 through the DC/DC converter 29, and the storage battery 30 supplies power to the PTC heater 31 and is used for heating deionized water in the hydrogen humidifier 5, the oxygen humidifier 18, the secondary hydrogen humidifier 12 and the secondary oxygen humidifier 25.
The hydrogen residual gas circulation system is mainly used for mixing and humidifying the hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell 1 and the normally supplied hydrogen, and then reintroducing the mixture into the main fuel cell 1 for reaction.
The oxygen residual gas circulation system is mainly used for mixing and humidifying the oxygen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell 1 and the normally supplied oxygen, and then reintroducing the oxygen into the main fuel cell 1 for reaction.
The residual gas power supply heating system is mainly used for humidifying unreacted hydrogen and oxygen in the main fuel cell 1, then introducing the hydrogen and the oxygen into the auxiliary fuel cell 2 for reaction, charging the storage battery 30 by the auxiliary fuel cell 2 through the DC/DC converter 29, supplying power to the PTC heater 31 by the storage battery 30, and finally heating the hydrogen humidifier 5, the oxygen humidifier 18, the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier 12 and the deionized water in the auxiliary oxygen humidifier 25.
The hydrogen supply flow meter 3 and the oxygen supply flow meter 16 are used for monitoring the total supply flow rate of hydrogen and the total supply flow rate of oxygen as the calculation basis of the supply ratio of hydrogen and oxygen; the power of the load 33 is used to calculate the flow rates of the hydrogen and the oxygen actually consumed to generate the power, and is used as a basis for judging whether the hydrogen and the oxygen are excessive in the current flow state; the opening degrees of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4 and the oxygen humidifying three-way valve 17 are used for calculating the proportional relation between the gases which are not humidified and are humidified in the normal supply main circuit of the hydrogen and the oxygen.
The embodiment also provides a gas circulation humidifying method for testing the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. Mixing and humidifying unreacted hydrogen in the main fuel cell and normally supplied hydrogen through a hydrogen residual gas circulation system, and then reintroducing the mixture into the main fuel cell for reaction; mixing and humidifying the oxygen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell and the normally supplied oxygen through an oxygen residual gas circulating system, and then reintroducing the oxygen into the main fuel cell for reaction; humidifying unreacted hydrogen and oxygen in the main fuel cell by a residual gas power supply heating system, and then introducing the hydrogen and the oxygen into a secondary fuel cell for reaction, wherein the secondary fuel cell provides electric energy for heating deionized water in a gas humidifier;
and controlling the gas circulation of the hydrogen residual gas circulation system, the oxygen residual gas circulation system and the residual gas power supply heating system according to the supply proportion regulation of the hydrogen and the oxygen, and quantitatively regulating the humidity of the hydrogen and the oxygen of the main fuel cell.
Specifically, different controls and adjustments are made according to different supply ratios of hydrogen and oxygen.
First, the hydrogen and oxygen react completely
When the hydrogen to oxygen supply ratio is 2:1 and the hydrogen and oxygen are completely reacted in the main fuel cell 1, no hydrogen and oxygen remain.
1. Normal supply and humidification of hydrogen
The total hydrogen supply flow rate is monitored by the hydrogen supply flow meter 3. After hydrogen is supplied to the flow meter 3 through hydrogen, the hydrogen humidification three-way valve 4 controls the proportion of humid hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 and dry hydrogen bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 through a bypass pipeline according to the hydrogen humidity set by the system, so that the hydrogen humidity can be quickly adjusted.
If the proportion of the wet hydrogen flow currently flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 to the total hydrogen supply flow is G%, the proportion of the dry hydrogen bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 by the hydrogen humidification three-way valve 4 is 1-G%.
Under the conditions that the hydrogen flow passing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is different and the deionized water temperature in the hydrogen humidifier 5 is different, the hydrogen humidity after passing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is also different, and here, the hydrogen humidity after passing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is set to be a%.
The humidity of the hydrogen gas finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is:
Figure BDA0002677642980000111
if the humidity of the hydrogen gas finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is higher than the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system, the proportion of the humidified hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is reduced and the proportion of the dry hydrogen gas bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 is increased by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4 until the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system is reached.
If the humidity of the hydrogen gas finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is lower than the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system, the proportion of the humidified hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is increased by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4, and the proportion of the dry hydrogen gas bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 is decreased until the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system is reached.
A hydrogen heat-insulating pipe 6 is connected between the hydrogen humidifier 5 and the main fuel cell 1, so that the reduction of the hydrogen humidity caused by the liquefaction of the water vapor mixed in the hydrogen is prevented. After the hydrogen gas completely reacts with the oxygen gas in the main fuel cell 1, the remaining moisture in the piping is separated and discharged through the hydrogen gas-water separator 10.
2. Normal supply and humidification of oxygen
The total oxygen supply flow rate is monitored by an oxygen supply flow meter 16. After oxygen passes through the oxygen supply flow meter 16, the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 controls the proportion of the humid oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 and the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 through the bypass pipeline according to the oxygen humidity set by the system, so as to realize the rapid adjustment of the oxygen humidity.
If the proportion of the wet oxygen flow currently flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 to the total oxygen supply flow is H%, the proportion of the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 by the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 is 1-H%.
In the case where the flow rate of the oxygen passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is different and the temperature of the deionized water in the oxygen humidifier 18 is different, the humidity of the oxygen passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is also different, and the humidity of the oxygen passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is set to be b%.
The humidity of the oxygen finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is:
Figure BDA0002677642980000121
if the humidity of the oxygen finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is higher than the target humidity set by the system, the proportion of the humidified oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is decreased and the proportion of the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 is increased by adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 until the target humidity set by the system is reached.
If the oxygen humidity finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is lower than the target oxygen humidity set by the system, the proportion of humidified oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is increased and the proportion of dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 is decreased by adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve 18 until the target oxygen humidity set by the system is reached.
An oxygen insulating tube 19 is connected between the oxygen humidifier 18 and the main fuel cell 1 to prevent the reduction of oxygen humidity due to liquefaction of water vapor mixed in oxygen. After the oxygen completely reacts with the hydrogen in the main fuel cell 1, the remaining moisture in the piping is separated and discharged by the oxygen-gas water separator 23.
One of hydrogen and oxygen is in excess
1. Recycle process of residual hydrogen
When the hydrogen to oxygen supply ratio is greater than 2:1 and oxygen is completely reacted in the main fuel cell 1, only hydrogen remains in the residual gas. In this operating condition, the residual hydrogen three-way valve 11 opens the pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator 10 and the hydrogen circulation pump 9, and closes the pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator 10 and the sub-hydrogen humidifier 12.
Therefore, after the residual hydrogen is separated and discharged from the hydrogen gas-water separator 10, the residual hydrogen flows to the hydrogen circulation flow meter 8 and the hydrogen circulation check valve 7 through the residual hydrogen three-way valve 11 under the action of the hydrogen circulation pump 9, then is mixed with the dry hydrogen bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 through the hydrogen humidification three-way valve 4 and the humid hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5, and finally returns to the main fuel cell 1 through the hydrogen heat-preserving pipe 6 for reaction.
The hydrogen gas introduced into the main fuel cell 1 at this time includes not only the wet hydrogen gas that is normally supplied and flows through the hydrogen humidifier 5, but also the dry hydrogen gas that bypasses the hydrogen humidifier 5, and also the flow rate of the dry hydrogen gas that is recycled after the reaction in the main fuel cell 1. The total flow rate of the hydrogen gas to be normally supplied is monitored by the hydrogen gas supply flow meter 3, and the flow rate of the dry hydrogen gas to be recycled is monitored by the hydrogen gas circulation flow meter 8.
If the proportion of the wet hydrogen flow currently flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 to the total hydrogen supply flow is J%, the proportion of the dry hydrogen bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 by the hydrogen humidification three-way valve 4 is 1-J%.
In the case where the hydrogen flow rate through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is different and the deionized water temperature in the hydrogen humidifier 5 is different, the hydrogen humidity after passing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is also different. The humidity of the hydrogen gas after passing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is assumed to be c%.
The humidity of the hydrogen gas finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is:
Figure BDA0002677642980000131
and adjusting the opening degree of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4 according to the target hydrogen humidity set by the system and the current circulating and recycling dry hydrogen flow rate to determine the proportional relation between the wet hydrogen flow rate flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 and the dry hydrogen flow rate bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5.
If the humidity of the hydrogen gas finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is higher than the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system, the proportion of the humidified hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is reduced and the proportion of the dry hydrogen gas bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 is increased by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4 until the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system is reached.
If the humidity of the hydrogen gas finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is lower than the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system, the proportion of the humidified hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is increased by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4, and the proportion of the dry hydrogen gas bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 is decreased until the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system is reached.
2. Cyclic process for residual oxygen
When the hydrogen to oxygen supply ratio is less than 2:1 and hydrogen is completely reacted in the main fuel cell 1, only oxygen remains in the residual gas. In this operating condition, the residual oxygen three-way valve 24 opens the line between the oxygen-gas separator 23 and the oxygen circulation pump 22, and closes the line between the oxygen-gas separator 23 and the sub-oxygen humidifier 25.
Therefore, after the residual oxygen is separated by the oxygen-water separator 23 and the moisture is discharged, it flows to the oxygen circulation flow meter 21 and the oxygen circulation check valve 20 through the residual oxygen three-way valve 24 by the oxygen circulation pump 22, then is mixed with the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 through the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 and the humidified oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18, and finally returns to the main fuel cell 1 again through the oxygen thermal insulation tube 19 to react.
The oxygen introduced into the main fuel cell 1 at this time includes not only the humidified oxygen that is normally supplied and flows through the oxygen humidifier 18, but also the dry oxygen that bypasses the oxygen humidifier 18, and also the flow rate of the dry oxygen that is recycled after the reaction in the main fuel cell 1. The total flow rate of the oxygen gas to be normally supplied is monitored by the oxygen gas supply flow meter 16, and the flow rate of the dry oxygen gas to be recycled is monitored by the oxygen gas circulation flow meter 21.
If the proportion of the wet oxygen flow currently flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 to the total oxygen supply flow is K%, the proportion of the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 by the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 is 1-K%.
In the case where the flow rate of oxygen passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is different and the temperature of deionized water in the oxygen humidifier 18 is different, the humidity of oxygen passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is also different. Let the oxygen humidity after passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 be d%.
The humidity of the oxygen finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is:
Figure BDA0002677642980000141
the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 is adjusted according to the target oxygen humidity set by the system and the dry oxygen flow rate currently recycled, so as to determine the proportional relation between the humid oxygen flow rate flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 and the dry oxygen flow rate bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18.
If the humidity of the oxygen finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is higher than the target humidity set by the system, the proportion of the humidified oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is decreased and the proportion of the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 is increased by adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 until the target humidity set by the system is reached.
If the oxygen humidity finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is lower than the target oxygen humidity set by the system, the proportion of humidified oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is increased and the proportion of dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 is decreased by adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 until the target oxygen humidity set by the system is reached.
Third, the hydrogen and oxygen are simultaneously excessive
In the case where both hydrogen and oxygen are excessive, the residual hydrogen and oxygen are introduced into the sub-fuel cell 2 to react, and the generated energy is finally used for heating the deionized water in the gas humidifier. After the reaction of the residual hydrogen and the residual oxygen in the sub-fuel cell 2, if any, are left, they are reintroduced into the main fuel cell 1 for reaction.
1. Recycle process of residual hydrogen
The residual hydrogen three-way valve 11 cuts off the pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator 10 and the hydrogen circulating pump 9, and simultaneously conducts the pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator 10 and the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier 12.
Therefore, the residual hydrogen is separated by the hydrogen-gas separator 10 and the moisture in the hydrogen is discharged, passes through the residual hydrogen three-way valve 11, is humidified by the sub-hydrogen humidifier 12, and then enters the sub-fuel cell 2 through the sub-hydrogen heat-insulating pipe 13 to react with the oxygen. If the hydrogen remains after the reaction, the water is separated and discharged by the auxiliary hydrogen-water separator 14, passes through the auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve 15, the hydrogen circulation flow meter 8 and the hydrogen circulation check valve 7 under the action of the hydrogen circulation pump 9, is mixed with the dry hydrogen which bypasses the hydrogen humidifier 5 through the hydrogen humidification three-way valve 4 and the humid hydrogen which passes through the hydrogen humidifier 5, and finally returns to the main fuel cell 1 through the hydrogen heat-insulating pipe 6 for reaction.
The hydrogen gas introduced into the main fuel cell 1 at this time includes not only the wet hydrogen gas that is normally supplied and passes through the hydrogen humidifier 5, but also the dry hydrogen gas that bypasses the hydrogen humidifier 5, and also the dry hydrogen gas that is recycled after reaction in the sub-fuel cell 2. The total flow rate of the hydrogen gas to be normally supplied is monitored by the hydrogen gas supply flow meter 3, and the flow rate of the dry hydrogen gas to be recycled is monitored by the hydrogen gas circulation flow meter 8.
If the ratio of the wet hydrogen flow rate flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 to the total hydrogen supply flow rate is M%, the ratio of the dry hydrogen bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 by the hydrogen humidification three-way valve 4 is 1-M%.
In the case where the hydrogen flow rate through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is different and the deionized water temperature in the hydrogen humidifier 5 is different, the hydrogen humidity after passing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is also different. The humidity of the hydrogen gas after passing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is set to e%.
The humidity of the hydrogen gas finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is:
Figure BDA0002677642980000151
and adjusting the opening of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4 according to the target hydrogen humidity set by the system and the current circulating and recycling dry hydrogen flow rate to determine the proportional relation between the wet hydrogen flow rate flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 and the dry hydrogen flow rate bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5.
If the humidity of the hydrogen gas finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is higher than the target humidity of the hydrogen gas set by the system, the ratio of the humidified hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is reduced by adjusting the opening degree of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve 4,
the proportion of dry hydrogen bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 is increased until the set target hydrogen humidity is reached.
If the humidity of the oxygen finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is higher than the target humidity of the oxygen set by the system, the proportion of the humidified hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen humidifier 5 is increased and the proportion of the dry hydrogen bypassing the hydrogen humidifier 5 is decreased by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen humidification three-way valve 4 until the set target humidity of the hydrogen is reached.
2. Cyclic process for residual oxygen
The residual oxygen three-way valve 24 closes the line between the oxygen-gas separator 23 and the oxygen circulation pump 22, and opens the line between the oxygen-gas separator 23 and the sub-oxygen humidifier 25.
Therefore, the residual oxygen is separated by the oxygen-water separator 23 and the moisture in the oxygen is discharged, passes through the residual oxygen three-way valve 24, is humidified by the sub-oxygen humidifier 25, and then enters the sub-fuel cell 2 through the sub-oxygen heat-retaining pipe 26 to react with the hydrogen. If oxygen remains after the reaction, the water is separated and discharged by the secondary oxygen-gas separator 27, and passes through the secondary oxygen circulation check valve 28, the oxygen circulation flow meter 21 and the oxygen circulation check valve 20 under the action of the oxygen circulation pump 22, and then is mixed with the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 through the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 and the humidified oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18, and finally returns back to the main fuel cell 1 through the oxygen thermal insulation pipe 19 to perform the reaction.
The oxygen introduced into the main fuel cell 1 at this time includes not only the humidified oxygen that is normally supplied and flows through the oxygen humidifier 18, but also the dry oxygen that bypasses the oxygen humidifier 18, and also the dry oxygen that is recycled after the reaction in the sub fuel cell 2. The total flow rate of the oxygen gas to be normally supplied is monitored by the oxygen gas supply flow meter 16, and the flow rate of the dry oxygen gas to be recycled is monitored by the oxygen gas circulation flow meter 21.
Assuming that the proportion of the flow rate of the humidified oxygen gas flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 to the total supply flow rate of oxygen gas is N%, the proportion of the dry oxygen gas bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 by the oxygen humidifying three-way valve 17 is 1 to N%.
In the case where the flow rate of oxygen passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is different and the temperature of deionized water in the oxygen humidifier 18 is different, the humidity of oxygen passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is also different. Let the oxygen humidity after passing through the oxygen humidifier 18 be f%.
The humidity of the oxygen finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is:
Figure BDA0002677642980000161
according to the target oxygen humidity set by the system and the dry oxygen flow rate currently recycled and reused, the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 is adjusted to determine the proportional relation between the humid oxygen flow rate flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 and the dry oxygen flow rate bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18.
If the humidity of the oxygen finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is higher than the target humidity set by the system, the proportion of the humidified oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is decreased and the proportion of the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 is increased by adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 until the set target humidity is reached.
If the humidity of the oxygen finally introduced into the main fuel cell 1 is higher than the target humidity set by the system, the proportion of the humidified oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier 18 is increased and the proportion of the dry oxygen bypassing the oxygen humidifier 18 is decreased by adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve 17 until the set target humidity is reached.
The gas circulation humidifying device of the present embodiment:
(1) when one of hydrogen or oxygen in the main fuel cell is excessive, drying the single reaction residual gas, mixing the single reaction residual gas with normally supplied dry gas and humid gas flowing through a humidifier according to a certain proportion, quickly adjusting the humidity to a target humidity, and reintroducing the main fuel cell to participate in the reaction;
(2) when the hydrogen and the oxygen in the main fuel cell are both excessive, the residual hydrogen and the residual oxygen after the reaction are dried and humidified are introduced into the secondary fuel cell for reaction, and the generated energy is finally used for heating the deionized water in the humidifier. If residual gas remains after the secondary fuel cell reaction, the residual gas is reintroduced into the primary fuel cell.
(3) The hydrogen humidification three-way valve and the oxygen humidification three-way valve adjust the opening degrees of the hydrogen humidification three-way valve and the oxygen humidification three-way valve according to the target humidity of the hydrogen and the oxygen set by the system and the flow rate of the currently circulating hydrogen and the oxygen so as to determine the proportional relation between the flow rate of the humid gas flowing through the hydrogen humidifier and the oxygen humidifier and the flow rate of the dry gas bypassing the hydrogen humidifier and the oxygen humidifier, and realize rapid and accurate humidity adjustment.
The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent. It should be understood that the foregoing detailed description of the invention is merely exemplary for purposes of clarity and is not intended to limit the invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A gas circulation humidifying method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test is provided with a main fuel cell and a secondary fuel cell and is characterized in that,
arranging a hydrogen residual gas circulation system, mixing and humidifying the hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell and the normally supplied hydrogen, and then reintroducing the mixture into the main fuel cell for reaction;
the hydrogen residual gas circulating system comprises a hydrogen normal supply main circuit and a hydrogen residual gas bypass, the hydrogen normal supply main circuit humidifies and preserves the temperature of hydrogen and inputs the hydrogen to the main fuel cell, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the hydrogen residual gas bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with the non-humidified gas path and the humidified gas path in the hydrogen normal supply main circuit;
the hydrogen normal supply main path comprises a hydrogen supply flow meter (3), a hydrogen humidification three-way valve (4), a hydrogen humidifier (5) and a hydrogen heat preservation pipe (6) which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen heat preservation pipe (6) is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell (1), and the hydrogen normal supply main path also comprises a hydrogen gas-water separator (10) and a residual hydrogen three-way valve (11) which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell (1); the hydrogen residual gas bypass comprises a hydrogen circulating pump (9), a hydrogen circulating flowmeter (8) and a hydrogen circulating check valve (7) which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen circulating pump (9) is connected with a residual hydrogen three-way valve (11), and the hydrogen circulating check valve (7) is connected with the output end of the hydrogen humidifier (5) and is simultaneously connected with the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve (4);
arranging an oxygen residual gas circulating system, mixing and humidifying the oxygen which is not completely reacted in the main fuel cell and the normally supplied oxygen, and then reintroducing the oxygen into the main fuel cell for reaction;
the oxygen residual gas circulating system comprises an oxygen normal supply main circuit and an oxygen residual gas bypass, wherein the oxygen normal supply main circuit inputs oxygen to the main fuel cell after humidifying and insulating the oxygen, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass, and the oxygen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with an un-humidified gas path and a humidified gas path in the oxygen normal supply main circuit;
the main oxygen normal supply path comprises an oxygen supply flow meter (16), an oxygen humidification three-way valve (17), an oxygen humidifier (18) and an oxygen heat preservation pipe (19) which are sequentially connected, wherein the oxygen heat preservation pipe (19) is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell (1), and the main oxygen normal supply path also comprises an oxygen-gas-water separator (23) and a residual oxygen three-way valve (24) which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell (1); the oxygen residual gas bypass comprises an oxygen circulating pump (22), an oxygen circulating flow meter (21) and an oxygen circulating check valve (20) which are sequentially connected, wherein the oxygen circulating pump (22) is connected with a residual oxygen three-way valve (24), and the oxygen circulating check valve (20) is connected with the output end of an oxygen humidifier (18) and is also connected with an oxygen humidifying three-way valve (17);
a residual gas power supply heating system is arranged to humidify the hydrogen and oxygen which are not completely reacted in the main fuel cell, and then the hydrogen and oxygen are led into the secondary fuel cell to react, and the secondary fuel cell provides electric energy for heating the deionized water in the gas humidifier;
and controlling the gas circulation of the hydrogen residual gas circulation system, the oxygen residual gas circulation system and the residual gas power supply heating system according to the supply proportion relation of the hydrogen and the oxygen and whether the hydrogen and the oxygen are excessive, and simultaneously adjusting the proportion relation of the humid gas and the dry gas to quickly and quantitatively adjust the humidity of the hydrogen and the oxygen supplied to the main fuel cell.
2. The gas circulation humidification method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test of claim 1,
the residual gas power generation and heat supply system comprises a hydrogen residual gas secondary main circuit, a hydrogen residual gas secondary bypass, an oxygen residual gas secondary main circuit and an oxygen residual gas secondary bypass; the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary main path is used for humidifying and insulating residual hydrogen output by the main fuel cell and inputting the humidified and insulated residual hydrogen into the auxiliary fuel cell, the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell is connected with a hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass is connected with a hydrogen residual gas bypass; the oxygen residual gas secondary main path inputs residual oxygen output by the main fuel cell into the secondary fuel cell after humidifying and insulating, the output end of the secondary fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass, and the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass.
3. The gas circulation humidifying method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell testing according to claim 2, wherein the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary main path comprises an auxiliary hydrogen humidifier (12) and an auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe (13), the input end of the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier (12) is connected with the residual hydrogen three-way valve (11), the output end of the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier is connected with the auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe (13), and the other end of the auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe (13) is connected with the input end of the auxiliary fuel cell (2); the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary hydrogen-water separator (14) connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell (2) and an auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve (15), and the other end of the auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve (15) is connected with a hydrogen circulation pump (9); the oxygen residual gas secondary main path comprises a secondary oxygen humidifier (25) and a secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe (26), the input end of the oxygen humidifier (25) is connected with the residual oxygen three-way valve (24), the output end of the oxygen humidifier is connected with the secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe (26), and the other end of the secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe (26) is connected with the input end of the secondary fuel cell (2); the oxygen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary oxygen-water separator (27) and an auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve (28), wherein the auxiliary oxygen-water separator is connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell (2), and the other end of the auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve (28) is connected with an oxygen circulation pump (22).
4. The gas circulation humidification method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test according to claim 3, characterized in that when hydrogen and oxygen are normally supplied, the adjustment of the hydrogen humidity supplied to the main fuel cell (1) is realized by adjusting the opening degree of the hydrogen humidification three-way valve (4) according to the target hydrogen humidity set by the system to determine the proportional relation of the humid hydrogen flow passing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) and the dry hydrogen flow bypassing the hydrogen humidifier (5); according to the target oxygen humidity set by the system, the proportional relation between the humid oxygen flow passing through the oxygen humidifier (18) and the dry oxygen flow bypassing the oxygen humidifier (18) is determined by adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidification three-way valve (17), so that the adjustment of the oxygen humidity supplied to the main fuel cell (1) is realized.
5. The gas circulation humidification method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test of claim 4, wherein the hydrogen humidity calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell is as follows when hydrogen and oxygen are normally supplied:
Figure FDA0002961271840000031
wherein G is the percentage of the humid hydrogen flow flowing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) in the total supply flow of hydrogen, and a is the percentage of the humidity of the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) under the working condition;
the oxygen humidity calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell:
Figure FDA0002961271840000032
wherein H is the percentage of the humid oxygen flow flowing through the oxygen humidifier (18) to the total oxygen supply flow, and b is the percentage of the oxygen humidity after flowing through the oxygen humidifier (18).
6. The gas circulation humidification method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test according to claim 5, wherein when the hydrogen to oxygen supply ratio is greater than 2:1, and oxygen is completely reacted in the main fuel cell (1),
controlling a residual hydrogen three-way valve (11) to conduct a pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator (10) and the hydrogen circulating pump (9), and simultaneously stopping a pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator (10) and the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier (12);
hydrogen humidity calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell (1):
Figure FDA0002961271840000033
j is the percentage of the humid hydrogen flow flowing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) in the total hydrogen supply flow when the supply ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is greater than 2:1, and c is the percentage of the humidity of the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) under the working condition;
according to the target hydrogen humidity set by the system and the current circulating and recycling dry hydrogen flow, the opening degree of the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve (4) is adjusted to determine the proportional relation between the wet hydrogen flow passing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) and the dry hydrogen flow bypassing the hydrogen humidifier (5);
when the supply ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is less than 2:1 and the hydrogen completely reacts in the main fuel cell (1), controlling a residual oxygen three-way valve (24) to conduct a pipeline between an oxygen-gas-water separator (23) and an oxygen circulating pump (22) and simultaneously stopping a pipeline between the oxygen-gas-water separator (23) and a secondary oxygen humidifier (25);
the oxygen humidity calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell (1):
Figure FDA0002961271840000034
wherein K is the percentage of the flow of the humid oxygen flowing through the oxygen humidifier (18) in the total supply flow of the oxygen when the supply ratio of the hydrogen to the oxygen is less than 2:1, and d is the percentage of the humidity of the oxygen after flowing through the oxygen humidifier (18) under the working condition;
and adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidifying three-way valve (17) according to the target oxygen humidity set by the system and the dry oxygen flow rate recycled currently to determine the proportional relation between the humid oxygen flow rate flowing through the oxygen humidifier (18) and the dry oxygen flow rate bypassing the oxygen humidifier (18).
7. The gas circulation humidification method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test of claim 6, wherein when hydrogen and oxygen are simultaneously in excess,
controlling a residual hydrogen three-way valve (11) to cut off a pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator (10) and the hydrogen circulating pump (9), and simultaneously conducting a pipeline between the hydrogen gas-water separator (10) and the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier (12);
hydrogen humidity adjustment calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell (1):
Figure FDA0002961271840000041
wherein M is the percentage of the humid hydrogen flow flowing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) in the total supply flow of the hydrogen, and e is the percentage of the humidity of the hydrogen flowing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) under the working condition;
according to the target hydrogen humidity set by the system and the current circulating and recycling dry hydrogen flow, the opening degree of a hydrogen humidifying three-way valve (4) is adjusted to determine the proportional relation between the wet hydrogen flow passing through the hydrogen humidifier (5) and the dry hydrogen flow bypassing the hydrogen humidifier (5);
controlling a residual oxygen three-way valve (24) to cut off a pipeline between the oxygen-water separator (23) and the oxygen circulating pump (22), and simultaneously conducting a pipeline between the oxygen-water separator (23) and the secondary oxygen humidifier (25);
the oxygen humidity adjustment calculation formula introduced into the main fuel cell (1):
Figure FDA0002961271840000042
wherein N is the percentage of the humid oxygen flow flowing through the oxygen humidifier (18) in the total oxygen supply flow, and f is the percentage of the oxygen humidity after flowing through the oxygen humidifier (18) under the working condition;
and adjusting the opening degree of the oxygen humidifying three-way valve (17) according to the target oxygen humidity set by the system and the dry oxygen flow currently recycled to determine the proportional relation between the humid oxygen flow passing through the oxygen humidifier (18) and the dry oxygen flow bypassing the oxygen humidifier (18).
8. A device for realizing the gas circulation humidifying method for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a main fuel cell, a secondary fuel cell, a load, a hydrogen residual gas circulation system and an oxygen residual gas circulation system, wherein the hydrogen residual gas circulation system comprises a hydrogen normal supply main path and a hydrogen residual gas bypass, the hydrogen normal supply main path humidifies and preserves the temperature of hydrogen and inputs the hydrogen to the main fuel cell, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the hydrogen residual gas bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with the non-humidified and humidified gas paths in the hydrogen normal supply main path;
the oxygen residual gas circulating system comprises an oxygen normal supply main circuit and an oxygen residual gas bypass, wherein the oxygen normal supply main circuit inputs oxygen to the main fuel cell after humidifying and insulating the oxygen, the output end of the main fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass, and the oxygen residual gas bypass is divided into two paths to be respectively connected with an un-humidified gas path and a humidified gas path in the oxygen normal supply main circuit;
the residual gas power generation and heat supply system comprises a hydrogen residual gas secondary main circuit, a hydrogen residual gas secondary bypass, an oxygen residual gas secondary main circuit and an oxygen residual gas secondary bypass; the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary main path is used for humidifying and insulating residual hydrogen output by the main fuel cell and inputting the humidified and insulated residual hydrogen into the auxiliary fuel cell, the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell is connected with a hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass, and the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass is connected with a hydrogen residual gas bypass; the oxygen residual gas secondary main path inputs residual oxygen output by the main fuel cell into the secondary fuel cell after humidifying and insulating, the output end of the secondary fuel cell is connected with the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass, and the oxygen residual gas secondary bypass is connected with the oxygen residual gas bypass.
9. The device for the gas circulation humidification method of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell test of claim 8, wherein the hydrogen normal supply main path comprises a hydrogen supply flow meter (3), a hydrogen humidification three-way valve (4), a hydrogen humidifier (5) and a hydrogen heat preservation pipe (6) which are connected in sequence, the hydrogen heat preservation pipe (6) is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell (1), and the hydrogen normal supply main path further comprises a hydrogen gas-water separator (10) and a residual hydrogen three-way valve (11) which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell (1); the hydrogen residual gas bypass comprises a hydrogen circulating pump (9), a hydrogen circulating flowmeter (8) and a hydrogen circulating check valve (7) which are sequentially connected, wherein the hydrogen circulating pump (9) is connected with a residual hydrogen three-way valve (11), and the hydrogen circulating check valve (7) is connected with the output end of the hydrogen humidifier (5) and is simultaneously connected with the hydrogen humidifying three-way valve (4);
the main oxygen normal supply path comprises an oxygen supply flow meter (16), an oxygen humidification three-way valve (17), an oxygen humidifier (18) and an oxygen heat preservation pipe (19) which are sequentially connected, wherein the oxygen heat preservation pipe (19) is connected with the input end of the main fuel cell (1), and the main oxygen normal supply path also comprises an oxygen-gas-water separator (23) and a residual oxygen three-way valve (24) which are connected with the output end of the main fuel cell (1); the oxygen residual gas bypass comprises an oxygen circulating pump (22), an oxygen circulating flow meter (21) and an oxygen circulating check valve (20) which are sequentially connected, wherein the oxygen circulating pump (22) is connected with a residual oxygen three-way valve (24), and the oxygen circulating check valve (20) is connected with the output end of the oxygen humidifier (18) and is also connected with the output end of the oxygen humidifier (18);
the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary main path comprises an auxiliary hydrogen humidifier (12) and an auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe (13), the input end of the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier (12) is connected with the residual hydrogen three-way valve (11), the output end of the auxiliary hydrogen humidifier is connected with the auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe (13), and the other end of the auxiliary hydrogen heat-preservation pipe (13) is connected with the input end of the auxiliary fuel cell (2); the hydrogen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary hydrogen-water separator (14) connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell (2) and an auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve (15), and the other end of the auxiliary hydrogen circulation check valve (15) is connected with a hydrogen circulation pump (9); the oxygen residual gas secondary main path comprises a secondary oxygen humidifier (25) and a secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe (26), the input end of the oxygen humidifier (25) is connected with the residual oxygen three-way valve (24), the output end of the oxygen humidifier is connected with the secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe (26), and the other end of the secondary oxygen heat-preservation pipe (26) is connected with the input end of the secondary fuel cell (2); the oxygen residual gas auxiliary bypass comprises an auxiliary oxygen-water separator (27) connected with the output end of the auxiliary fuel cell (2) and an auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve (28), and the other end of the auxiliary oxygen circulation check valve (28) is connected with an oxygen circulation pump (22);
the residual gas power generation and heat supply system further comprises a DC/DC converter (29), a storage battery (30), a PTC heater (31) and a humidification circulating pump (32), the secondary fuel cell (2) charges the storage battery (30) through the DC/DC converter (29), and the storage battery (30) supplies power to the PTC heater (31) and is used for heating deionized water in the hydrogen humidifier (5), the oxygen humidifier (18), the secondary hydrogen humidifier (12) and the secondary oxygen humidifier (25).
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