CN112037074B - Visualization-based data file analysis method and device - Google Patents

Visualization-based data file analysis method and device Download PDF

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CN112037074B
CN112037074B CN202010955589.6A CN202010955589A CN112037074B CN 112037074 B CN112037074 B CN 112037074B CN 202010955589 A CN202010955589 A CN 202010955589A CN 112037074 B CN112037074 B CN 112037074B
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朱鹏
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Abstract

The invention discloses a data file analysis method and a device based on visualization, wherein the method comprises the following steps: importing a data file to be analyzed based on the visual interface; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a version identifier of a data file to be analyzed, and obtaining each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed; inquiring a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed from a plurality of data dictionaries which are configured in advance according to the version identification of the data file to be analyzed; and carrying out field conversion processing on each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed based on the data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed, so as to obtain the analyzed data file. According to the invention, by integrating a plurality of data dictionaries with different versions, the analysis of the data files with different versions can be realized; the analysis of the data file is realized based on the visual interface, and the direct analysis or inquiry of the data file by service personnel or developers can be supported.

Description

Visualization-based data file analysis method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of software, in particular to a data file analysis method and device based on visualization.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
An open-type foundation business data exchange protocol is a protocol proposed for data exchange between a foundation sales organization and a product management company. In the open-type fund business data exchange protocol file, the data format, data definition and data content adopted when data exchange is carried out between institutions in related businesses such as off-site open-type fund, securities company large-scale aggregate products and the like are specified.
At present, an open-type foundation registration account passing (TRANSFER AGENT, TA) system and a sales substituting system which are in butt joint with the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol are all based on a background to analyze the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file, and business personnel or developers are not supported to directly analyze or inquire the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a visualized-based data file analysis method, which is used for solving the technical problem that an existing open-type foundation business data exchange protocol docking system does not support business personnel or developers to directly analyze or inquire an open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file, and comprises the following steps: importing a data file to be analyzed based on the visual interface; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a version identifier of a data file to be analyzed, and obtaining each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed; inquiring a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed from a plurality of pre-configured data dictionaries according to the version identification of the data file to be analyzed, wherein each data dictionary is used for analyzing the data file with one version identification; and carrying out field conversion processing on each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed based on the data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed, so as to obtain the analyzed data file.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a visualized-based data file analysis device, which is used for solving the technical problem that the existing open-type foundation business data exchange protocol docking system does not support business personnel or developers to directly analyze or inquire the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file, and comprises the following steps: the data file importing module is used for importing a data file to be analyzed based on the visual interface; the file information acquisition module is used for acquiring the version identification of the data file to be analyzed and each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed; the data dictionary query module is used for querying a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed from a plurality of data dictionaries which are configured in advance according to the version identification of the data file to be analyzed, wherein each data dictionary is used for analyzing the data file with one version identification; the data file analysis module is used for carrying out field conversion processing on each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed based on the data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed to obtain the analyzed data file.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer device which is used for solving the technical problem that the existing open-type foundation business data exchange protocol docking system does not support business personnel or developers to directly analyze or inquire the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium for solving the technical problem that the existing open-type foundation business data exchange protocol docking system does not support business personnel or developers to directly analyze or inquire the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the visualized-based data file analysis method.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the data file to be analyzed is imported based on the visual interface, the version identification of the data file to be analyzed and each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed are obtained, and then the data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed is inquired from a plurality of data dictionaries configured in advance according to the version identification of the data file to be analyzed, and based on the data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed, each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed is subjected to field conversion processing to obtain the analyzed data file.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a data file parsing method based on visualization provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main interface of a data file parsing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an alternative visualization-based data file parsing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a file window interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a file message information display interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a visual presentation interface for a data dictionary according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a visualization-based data file analysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions herein are for the purpose of explaining the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, a data file analysis method based on visualization is provided, and fig. 1 is a flowchart of a data file analysis method based on visualization, as shown in fig. 1, and the method includes the following steps:
S101, importing a data file to be analyzed based on a visual interface.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the data file to be parsed may be, but is not limited to, an open-type foundation service data exchange protocol file, that is, a file for performing data parsing based on the open-type foundation service data exchange protocol. In various embodiments of the present invention, an open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file is described as an example. In fact, the visualization-based data file analysis method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to any data file analyzed based on different versions of data dictionaries.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main interface of a data file parsing tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, a text box may be set in a visual interface to input file path information of a data file to be parsed, and the data file to be parsed is imported into a system; a file import button can also be arranged in the visual interface so that the user can import the data file to be analyzed into the system.
It should be noted that, at present, the open-type foundation service data exchange protocol provided by the license includes three versions ZD20, ZD21 and ZD22, each version provides a different data dictionary, and the data interface of each version is about 30 different interface files of different versions, which brings complexity of file analysis. In the embodiment of the invention, the purpose of one-stop file analysis can be realized by integrating a plurality of data dictionaries with different versions.
S102, obtaining the version identification of the data file to be analyzed and each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed.
Because of the different versions of the data files, the different versions of the data dictionary need to be utilized for parsing. According to the embodiment of the invention, the data dictionary with different versions is configured in the system in advance, so that the system can acquire the corresponding data dictionary for analysis according to the version identification of the current data file to be analyzed. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the data dictionary is used for converting data fields, so that the types and lengths of the data fields in the data files from different data sources can be unified.
S103, according to the version identification of the data file to be analyzed, querying a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed from a plurality of pre-configured data dictionaries, wherein each data dictionary is used for analyzing the data file with one version identification.
In specific implementation, the association relation between each data dictionary and the version identifier is preconfigured in the system, and after the version identifier of the data file to be analyzed is obtained, the data dictionary of the corresponding version is queried from a plurality of preconfigured data dictionaries according to the version identifier of the data file to be analyzed so as to analyze the data file to be analyzed.
S104, performing field conversion processing on each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed based on the data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed, and obtaining the analyzed data file.
In the implementation, for each data field included in the data file to be analyzed, conversion processing can be performed on a field-by-field basis based on the queried data dictionary, so as to obtain the analyzed data file.
As can be seen from the foregoing, in the visualization-based data file parsing method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, after a data file to be parsed is imported based on a visualization interface, a version identifier of the data file to be parsed and each data field included in the data file to be parsed are obtained, and then, according to the version identifier of the data file to be parsed, a data dictionary for parsing the data file to be parsed is queried from a plurality of data dictionaries configured in advance, and based on the data dictionary for parsing the data file to be parsed, field conversion processing is performed on each data field included in the data file to be parsed, so as to obtain the parsed data file. According to the visualization-based data file analysis method provided by the embodiment of the invention, analysis of the data files of different versions can be realized by integrating a plurality of data dictionaries of different versions, analysis of the data files can be realized on the basis of a visualization interface, and direct analysis or inquiry of business personnel or developers on the data files can be supported.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, after executing S104, the visualization-based data file parsing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include the following steps:
s105, outputting the analyzed data file based on the visualization mode.
Optionally, S105 is further configured to output the parsed data file in a file window or an Excel file.
Through the embodiment, the analyzed data file is output in a visual mode, so that related personnel can conveniently check the data file.
After the data file is output in a visual manner, in an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the method for resolving a data file based on visualization provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include the following steps:
S106, receiving a data viewing instruction for target data in the visual data file;
s107, outputting data detail information of the target data according to the data viewing instruction of the target data.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a file window interface provided in an embodiment of the present invention, where, as shown in fig. 4, an interface identifier and a field name in a file are read to parse and output a file message body. Double clicking on a row of data in fig. 4 may reveal data details as shown in fig. 5.
Optionally, the method for resolving the data file based on the visualization provided by the embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, after executing S104, the visualization-based data file parsing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include the following steps:
S108, receiving a file generation instruction;
And S109, outputting the analyzed data file into a file in a TXT format according to the file generation instruction.
As shown in fig. 2, the message parsing area may export the message to generate a TXT format file.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the data dictionary under the interfaces ZD21 and ZD22 is built in, and when the dictionary configuration file is not found under the installation directory, the data dictionary can be automatically initialized through the initialization button in the interface shown in fig. 2.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the visualization-based data file parsing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include the following steps:
s110, outputting each pre-configured data dictionary based on a visual mode;
s111, receiving an operation instruction for executing at least one of the following operations on each data field in the visual data dictionary: adding, deleting, modifying and inquiring;
And S112, executing corresponding operation on each data field in the visual data dictionary according to the received operation instruction.
In the embodiment of the invention, the data dictionary configuration file is supported to be freely modified by visually displaying the data dictionary, so that the characteristic interface analysis can be realized, and more personalized business requirements can be met.
As an alternative embodiment, when the preconfigured data dictionaries are output in a visual manner, the preconfigured data dictionaries may be output in the form of an XML file or an Excel file.
After the built-in data dictionary is exported in the form of XML or EXCEL, a data dictionary window can be supported to be unfolded, and operations such as adding, deleting, modifying and searching related fields by business personnel or developers can be supported as shown in fig. 6.
Further, in the case that the operation performed on each data field in the visualized data dictionary is addition, deletion or modification, the visualized-based data file parsing method provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include the following steps: acquiring updated data dictionaries; and outputting the updated data dictionary in the form of an XML file or an Excel file. After adding, deleting or modifying some fields, the updated data dictionary can be outputted in the form of an XML file or an Excel file.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, data transmission between windows is completed by using WPF, so as to achieve a function of resolving angles of a data file.
According to the visualization-based data file analysis method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a file analysis tool can be developed, standard ZD21 and ZD22 version data dictionaries are built in the tool, and file analysis is carried out based on the data dictionary; because the file interface Bao Wentou of the fund exchange protocol contains all the field names, the sequence and the interface version identification of the file, the type and the length of the field can be obtained by searching the field names in Bao Wentou from the data dictionary; and for the window view formed by the data dictionary, the functions of adding, deleting and modifying the fields are provided, and the data dictionary is output as an XML file, so that the persistence of the data dictionary can be realized. The tool can be realized based on WPF, reads file contents into a data table, and simultaneously realizes data binding with a window by using the data table.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a visualization-based data file analysis device, as described in the following embodiment. Because the principle of the device for solving the problems is similar to that of the data file analysis method based on the visualization, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the data file analysis method based on the visualization, and the repetition is omitted.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a visualization-based data file analysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention, where, as shown in fig. 7, the device includes: a data file import module 71, a file information acquisition module 72, a data dictionary query module 73, and a data file parsing module 74.
The data file importing module 71 is configured to import a data file to be parsed based on the visual interface; a file information obtaining module 72, configured to obtain a version identifier of the data file to be parsed and each data field included in the data file to be parsed; a data dictionary querying module 73, configured to query, from a plurality of data dictionaries configured in advance, a data dictionary for parsing a data file to be parsed according to a version identifier of the data file to be parsed, where each data dictionary is configured to parse a data file with a version identifier; the data file parsing module 74 is configured to perform field conversion processing on each data field included in the data file to be parsed based on a data dictionary that parses the data file to be parsed, so as to obtain a parsed data file.
As can be seen from the above, the visualization-based data file parsing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention imports the data file to be parsed through the data file importing module 71 based on the visualization interface; the version identification of the data file to be analyzed and each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed are acquired through the file information acquisition module 72; querying a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed from a plurality of data dictionaries which are configured in advance through a data dictionary query module 73 according to the version identification of the data file to be analyzed; the data dictionary query module 73 performs field conversion processing on each data field included in the data file to be analyzed based on the data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed, to obtain the analyzed data file. According to the visualization-based data file analysis device provided by the embodiment of the invention, analysis of data files of different versions can be realized by integrating a plurality of data dictionaries of different versions, analysis of the data files can be realized on the basis of a visualization interface, and direct analysis or inquiry of business personnel or developers on the data files can be supported.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the visualization-based data file parsing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: the data file export module 75 is configured to output the parsed data file based on the visualization manner.
Optionally, the data file export module 75 is further configured to export the parsed data file in a file window or an Excel file.
Optionally, the data file export module 75 is further configured to: receiving a file generation instruction; and outputting the parsed data file into a file in a TXT format according to the file generation instruction.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the visualization-based data file parsing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: the data query module 76 is configured to receive a data viewing instruction for the target data in the visual data file, and output data detail information of the target data according to the data viewing instruction for the target data.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the visualization-based data file parsing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: a data dictionary configuration module 77, configured to output each data dictionary configured in advance based on the visualization manner, and receive an operation instruction for performing at least one of the following operations on each data field in the visualized data dictionary: adding, deleting, modifying and inquiring; and executing corresponding operation on each data field in the visual data dictionary according to the received operation instruction.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the visualization-based data file parsing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: a data dictionary derivation module 78 for exporting each data dictionary in the form of an XML file or an Excel file.
Optionally, the data dictionary derivation module 78 is further configured to export the preconfigured data dictionaries in the form of XML files or Excel files.
The data dictionary derivation module 78 is further configured to obtain updated data dictionaries when the operations performed on the data fields in the visualized data dictionary are addition, deletion or modification; and outputting the updated data dictionary in the form of an XML file or an Excel file.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer device, which is used for solving the technical problem that the existing open-type foundation business data exchange protocol docking system does not support business personnel or developers to directly analyze or inquire the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which is used for solving the technical problem that the existing open-type foundation business data exchange protocol docking system does not support business personnel or developers to directly analyze or inquire the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the visualized-based data file analysis method.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device, a computer device and a computer readable storage medium for analyzing data files based on visualization, which analyze the data files by inputting open-type foundation data exchange protocol data dictionaries of different versions provided by a license, automatically select corresponding dictionary versions through version identification of the files, complete file analysis, and support file retrieval and output retrieval contents.
The embodiment of the invention can realize but is not limited to the following technical effects: ① The interface versions of a plurality of versions are supported, and one-stop file analysis is realized; ② Supporting free modification of the data dictionary configuration file, and realizing characteristic interface analysis; ③ The WPF is used for realizing an analysis tool, is lightweight, can be conveniently used for a WINDOWS system, and can be used for offline analysis.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (15)

1. The visualized data file analysis method is characterized by being realized based on WPF, and comprises the following steps:
Importing a data file to be analyzed based on the visual interface; the data file to be analyzed is an open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file, and the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file is a file for data analysis based on the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining a version identifier of a data file to be analyzed, and obtaining each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed;
Inquiring a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed from a plurality of pre-configured data dictionaries according to the version identification of the data file to be analyzed, wherein each data dictionary is used for analyzing the data file with one version identification;
Based on a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed, performing field conversion processing on each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed to obtain an analyzed data file;
The open-type foundation business data exchange protocol comprises three versions ZD20, ZD21 and ZD22, each version provides a different data dictionary, and the data dictionary is used for converting data fields, so that the types and the lengths of the data fields in data files from different data sources can be unified.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein after performing field conversion processing on each data field included in the data file to be parsed based on the data dictionary that parses the data file to be parsed, the method further comprises:
And outputting the analyzed data file based on the visualization mode.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein outputting the parsed data file based on the visualization comprises:
Outputting the analyzed data file in the form of a file window or an Excel file.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein after outputting the parsed data file based on the visualization, the method further comprises:
receiving a data viewing instruction for target data in a visual data file;
And outputting the data detail information of the target data according to the data viewing instruction of the target data.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein after performing field conversion processing on each data field included in the data file to be parsed based on the data dictionary that parses the data file to be parsed, the method further comprises:
Receiving a file generation instruction;
And outputting the analyzed data file into a file in a TXT format according to the file generation instruction.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:
Outputting each pre-configured data dictionary based on a visual mode;
Receiving an operation instruction for executing at least one of the following operations on each data field in the visualized data dictionary: adding, deleting, modifying and inquiring;
And executing corresponding operation on each data field in the visual data dictionary according to the received operation instruction.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein outputting the pre-configured respective data dictionary based on the visualization comprises:
and outputting each pre-configured data dictionary in the form of an XML file or an Excel file.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein in the event that the operation performed on each data field in the visual data dictionary is an addition, deletion or modification, the method further comprises:
Acquiring updated data dictionaries;
And outputting the updated data dictionary in the form of an XML file or an Excel file.
9. A visualization-based data file parsing apparatus, wherein the apparatus is implemented based on WPF, the apparatus comprising:
The data file importing module is used for importing a data file to be analyzed based on the visual interface; the data file to be analyzed is an open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file, and the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol file is a file for data analysis based on the open-type foundation business data exchange protocol;
The file information acquisition module is used for acquiring the version identification of the data file to be analyzed and each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed;
the data dictionary query module is used for querying a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed from a plurality of data dictionaries which are configured in advance according to the version identification of the data file to be analyzed, wherein each data dictionary is used for analyzing the data file with one version identification;
the data file analysis module is used for carrying out field conversion processing on each data field contained in the data file to be analyzed based on a data dictionary for analyzing the data file to be analyzed to obtain an analyzed data file;
The open-type foundation business data exchange protocol comprises three versions ZD20, ZD21 and ZD22, each version provides a different data dictionary, and the data dictionary is used for converting data fields, so that the types and the lengths of the data fields in data files from different data sources can be unified.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
and the data file export module is used for outputting the analyzed data file based on the visualization mode.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
the data query module is used for receiving a data viewing instruction for the target data in the visual data file and outputting data detail information of the target data according to the data viewing instruction for the target data.
12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
The data dictionary configuration module is used for outputting each pre-configured data dictionary based on the visualization mode and receiving an operation instruction for executing at least one of the following operations on each data field in the visualized data dictionary: adding, deleting, modifying and inquiring; and executing corresponding operation on each data field in the visual data dictionary according to the received operation instruction.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
and the data dictionary export module is used for exporting each data dictionary in the form of an XML file or an Excel file.
14. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the visualization-based data file parsing method according to any of claims 1 to 8 when the computer program is executed by the processor.
15. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the visualization-based data file parsing method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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