CN110222110A - A kind of resource description framework data conversion storage integral method based on ETL tool - Google Patents
A kind of resource description framework data conversion storage integral method based on ETL tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN110222110A CN110222110A CN201910510063.4A CN201910510063A CN110222110A CN 110222110 A CN110222110 A CN 110222110A CN 201910510063 A CN201910510063 A CN 201910510063A CN 110222110 A CN110222110 A CN 110222110A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
- G06F16/254—Extract, transform and load [ETL] procedures, e.g. ETL data flows in data warehouses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
- G06F16/258—Data format conversion from or to a database
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/28—Databases characterised by their database models, e.g. relational or object models
- G06F16/283—Multi-dimensional databases or data warehouses, e.g. MOLAP or ROLAP
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of resource description framework data conversion storage integral method based on ETL tool, and steps are as follows: 1, relational data pre-processes, and unique key assignments is added by database, as the resource name in data conversion process；2, the field information for obtaining structural data in relevant database, determines the mandatory field of data to be converted；3, complete routine is formed for data conversion script addition RDF output format；4, NameSpace and namespace prefix are determined according to data type to be converted, limits variable-definition range；5, subject is set and example mapping ruler, the source data field that will acquire are converted to HttpURI；6, set a property mapping ruler；7, storage format and storage target position are set, conversion and storage operation are executed.Data-handling efficiency and continuity can be improved in the present invention；Scheduling of resource efficiency can be improved；The data conversion that can support the low cost of labor of Zero-code has preferable scalability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of computer technology, in particular to a kind of resource description framework data based on ETL tool turns
Change storage integral method.
Background technique
With the development of semantic net, with resource description framework (Resource Description Framework, abbreviation
RDF) data that form is issued out increase sharply rapidly and are increasingly becoming the basis of internet.The basic structure of RDF is triple, packet
Subject (subject), predicate (predicate) and object (object) are included, resource, attribute and attribute value are corresponded respectively to.RDF
Data can construct the data space of interconnectivity and sharing in semantic net with other database associations, so that data are more available, can grasp
Make.
Currently, the transformation due to document network to data network, mass data is stored in relevant database (Related
Database, abbreviation RDB) in, RDB small data processing, complexity SQL operation and in terms of with certain advantage,
But semantic shortcoming is so that its value in practical application scene is played and is limited.Therefore, conversion from relational data to RDF by
Associated mechanisms and the concern of scholar have been arrived, various general or specific area mapping tool or application software are had developed,
As D2RQ is published to Mapping Platform, Virtuoso RDF view handle using relational data as RDF graph according to associated data principle
SQL SELECT query result set is converted into RDF set, and the R2RML that W3C is formulated is by defining vocabulary, mapping ruler and language
Method, mapping framework and working mechanism realize the Mapping and Converting of RDB to RDF.But current various tools or language are in mapping ruler
File prepares, has significant limitation on the data model storage after scalability and conversion, and manual time's input cost has
It is to be optimized.
On the mapping mode of RDB to RDF, Amazon cloud (Amazon Cloud) is attempted by extracting conversion loading process
Source database is converted into the static method of figure expression by (Extract-Transform-Load, abbreviation ETL), but in super large data
It encounters a difficulty on the storage problem of collection, and because profession ETL tool does not support reasons, this method such as RDF output not to use phase
Pass tool, but coding mode is used to realize, flexibility and scalability shortcoming.However, ETL tool is because its is user friendly, group
The advantages such as part is abundant, customized rules are flexible, management function is powerful are widely used in data warehousing construction, it is whole to form one
Sets of data manages ecosystem, has good application environment, but the limitation because of ETL tool in terms of diagram data format
Property, it, which is limited, in RDF converts or generate the application in practice.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relies on people to present in RDF triple data conversion and storing process for existing relevant database
Time cost height, scalability are poor caused by work codes match, and the single equal confinement problems of data memory format propose one kind
Resource description framework data conversion storage integral method based on ETL tool, the final RDF triple data for realizing high adaptation
Conversion and storage.Foregoing invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
On the one hand, a kind of remodeling method to existing ETL tool mapping ruler and diagram data memory module, the side are provided
Method includes:
Step 1. ETL instrumentation code layer defines table in RDB, column and row is respectively mapped to class in RDF, attribute, resource turn
Rule is changed, and function package is carried out to it；
Step 2. design ETL tool RDF data mix memory module, can flexible choice local or chart database storage,
Or both store simultaneously, and function package is carried out to it.
Wherein, the RDB is mapped to the transformation rule in RDF, is defined as: RDB. table -> RDF. class, RDB. column ->
RDF. attribute, RDB. row -> RDF. resource, wherein any one instance data all may specify multiple classes.
On the other hand, a kind of resource description framework data conversion storage integral method based on ETL tool, institute are provided
The method of stating includes:
The pretreatment of step 1. relational data, adds unique key assignments (UniqueKey) by database, as data conversion
Resource name in the process.
Step 2. obtains the field information of structural data in relevant database, determines the indispensable word of data to be converted
Section.Data conversion script is added in ETL tool, input is connected to source database, that is, stores the relationship type of tables of data to be converted
Database provides all fields in source data table by SQL query, is selected according to the semantic model of prebuild and obtain tables of data
In mandatory field to be converted.
Step 3. forms complete routine for data conversion script addition RDF output format.
Step 4. determines NameSpace and namespace prefix according to the type of data to be converted, limits variable-definition model
It encloses.
Subject and example mapping ruler is arranged in step 5., and the source data field corresponding conversion that will acquire is HttpURI.
Step 6. sets a property mapping ruler, comprising: source field, object properties, data attribute, object and the predicate of acquisition
Example URI, multivalue separator, data type；Wherein, the selected field of the source field of acquisition, i.e. step 2；Object properties, value
Range is all classes in prebuild semantic model, can multivalue；Data attribute, value range are literals, can multivalue；Object and
Predicate example URI: unique identification, the entity object corresponding to some class in NameSpace；Multivalue separator: can when converging operation
It selects；Data type: generating the information of tracing to the source of data, and user is supported to search based on the data statistic analysis of xml data type.
Storage format and storage target position is arranged in step 7., executes conversion and storage operation.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that:
The present invention for the first time by the ETL tool application of mainstream into RDF generating process, integration got through Construction of Data Warehouse,
A series of processes that RDF is generated, RDF storage is arranged, improve data-handling efficiency and continuity；
Transformation the present invention is based on RDF conversion and storage demand to ETL tool makes it support the output of RDF triple data
Mode, and the mixing memory module of " local+multiple chart database " is devised, scheduling of resource efficiency can be improved；
Improved ETL tool is by mapping ruler and is encapsulated as card format, can support the number of the low cost of labor of Zero-code
According to conversion, and can preposition word cutting, index tool, have preferable scalability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is RDB to RDF mapping ruler schematic diagram provided in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of resource description framework data conversion storage integrated process figure based on ETL tool of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to implementation of the invention
Mode is further described in detail.
Embodiment one
Present example provides a kind of remodeling method to existing ETL tool mapping ruler and diagram data memory module, such as
Shown in Fig. 2, the process flow of this method includes the following steps:
Step 1. ETL instrumentation code layer defines table in RDB, column and row is respectively mapped to class in RDF, attribute, resource turn
Rule, such as Fig. 1 are changed, and function package is carried out to it；It is specific as follows:
S1.1 defines the NameSpace and prefix of the affiliated class of resource, supports common NameSpace and customized two ways,
Wherein, the common NameSpace of addition includes:
Xmlns:rdf NameSpace is, it is specified that the element with prefix rdf comes from " http://www.w3.org/1999/
02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#”
Xmlns:rdfs NameSpace is, it is specified that the element with prefix rdfs comes from " http://www.w3.org/
2000/01/rdf-schema/”
Xmlns:xsd NameSpace is, it is specified that the element with prefix xsd comes from " http://www.w3.org/2001/
XM LSchema#”
Xmlns:owl NameSpace is, it is specified that the element with prefix owl comes from " http://www.w3.org/2002/
07/owl#”
Xmlns:dc NameSpace is, it is specified that the element with prefix dc comes from " http://purl.org/dc/
elements/1.1/”
Xmlns:dcterms NameSpace, it is specified that element with prefix dcterms from " http: //
purl.org/dc/ter ms/”
S1.2 follows " Direct Mapping " specification of W3C proposition, defines the letter of RDB to RDF in ETL instrumentation code layer
Single mapping law.
In the expression of subject-predicate of RDF triple-object, subject is the resource to be described, and is can possess URI any
Things；Predicate is the attribute of resource, is to gather around denominative resource；Object is attribute value, can be another resource or word
Symbol string.The class and attribute of RDF is all directly to generate from the title of RDB mode, therefore the simple mapping ruler of RDB to RDF is fixed
Justice are as follows: RDB. table -> RDF. class, RDB. column -> RDF. attribute, RDB. row -> RDF. resource, wherein any one instance data is all
It may specify multiple classes.
S1.3 design data records restricted function, and data then need to split text by batch if not the last item data
Part saves, and initializes next file.
For the KETTLE tool being applicable in embodiment of the present invention for an example, which should not be to the embodiment of the present invention
Function and use scope bring any restrictions.Give a definition data record restricted function processRow () in Java Runtime Environment,
Judge whether it is the last item data by getSplitEvery.
Step 2. design ETL tool RDF data mix memory module, can flexible choice local or chart database storage,
Or both store simultaneously, and each function interface is encapsulated based on ETL tool assembly.
Embodiment two
Embodiment one is that the tool of present example prepares, and present example provides a kind of resource based on ETL tool and retouches
State frame data conversion storage integral method, including following processing step:
The pretreatment of step 1. relational data, adds unique key assignments (UniqueKey) by database, as data conversion
Resource name in the process.
Increase from increasing type numerical value in the relational model of relevant database as unique key assignments, it will in data conversion process
It automatically generates as the part of the uniform resource identifier in RDF triple.
Step 2. adds data conversion script in the ETL tool being transformed by embodiment one, and input is connected to relationship type
Database obtains the mandatory field of data to be converted.
Data conversion script is added in ETL tool, addition table input (table input) is connected to source database (i.e.
Store the relevant database of tables of data to be converted), in case study on implementation of the present invention, by taking relevant database MySQL as an example, pass through
SQL query provides all fields in source data table, is selected and is obtained to be converted in tables of data according to the semantic model of prebuild
Mandatory field extracts " periodical title " " issue " of result such as journal data.
RDF triple output (RDF output) is added in step 3. data conversion script, forms complete routine.
Step 4. adds NameSpace and namespace prefix according to the type of data to be converted, limits element definition model
It encloses.
NameSpace (namespace) is the side that solution element and attribute are aggregated to Name Conflict under a common title
Method, it can assign element difference meaning of the same name under different NameSpaces.In xml, NameSpace may insure all elements
Unique in the entire system with attribute-name, it is not necessary to worry masurium it is identical and cause obscure.It is commonly used in the implementation case
Xmlns:rdf, xmlns:rdfs, xmlns:xsd, xmlns:owl, xmlns:dc, xmlns:dcterms etc..User can also root
It is customized according to the semantic model demand of prebuild or specify defined own space.
Step 5. is based on mapping ruler and data conversion shell script is arranged.
Conversion of the structural data to RDF triple needs clear source data field to the mapping ruler of target ternary, configuration
Relevant parameter, it is ensured that each element, attribute and the corresponding conversion of example.
Specific implementation step is as follows:
(5.1) source field in data to be converted is added, subject and example mapping ruler are set, data to be converted are specified
Resource type URI (Unified Resource Identifier, uniform resource identifier) and affiliated class, wherein affiliated class can
Multivalue.
(5.2) field to be converted is mapped under the NameSpace added in step 4, corresponds to some class in NameSpace
Entity object.
(5.3) predicate and Property Name, object example URI are set.
(5.4) multivalue separator can be selected when carrying out converging operation for similar example.
(5.5) data type is set, that is, generates the information of tracing to the source of data, for being based on xml data in statisticalling analyze
The lookup of type.
(5.6) data set metadata mapping ruler, including predicate and attribute type, predicate and Property Name, attribute are set
Value, data type.
Step 6. edit and storage format and storage target position, according to demand can flexible choice local or diagram data inventory
Storage, or both stores simultaneously.
Step 7. executes data transformation operations, while storing the RDF triple after conversion.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
The above is only a kind of resource description framework data conversion storage integral method based on ETL tool of the present invention
Preferred embodiment, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, do not departing from a kind of base of the present invention
Under the premise of the resource description framework data conversion storage integral method principle of ETL tool, it can also make several improvements
And retouching, these improvements and modifications all should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of remodeling method to existing ETL tool mapping ruler and diagram data memory module, it is characterised in that: the method
Include:
Step 1. ETL instrumentation code layer defines table in RDB, column and row is respectively mapped to class in RDF, the conversion of attribute, resource rule
Then, and to it function package is carried out；
The RDF data that step 2. designs ETL tool mixes memory module, and local or chart database storage, or both may be selected
It stores simultaneously, and function package is carried out to it.
2. remodeling method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the RDB in the step 1, which is mapped in RDF, to be turned
Rule is changed, is defined as: RDB. table -> RDF. class, RDB. column -> RDF. attribute, RDB. row -> RDF. resource, wherein any one
Instance data all may specify multiple classes.
3. a kind of resource description framework data conversion storage integral method based on ETL tool, it is characterised in that: the storage
Integral method includes:
The pretreatment of step 1. relational data, adds unique key assignments by database, as the resource name in data conversion process；
Step 2. obtains the field information of structural data in relevant database, determines the mandatory field of data to be converted；
Step 3. forms complete routine for data conversion script addition RDF output format；
Step 4. determines NameSpace and namespace prefix according to the type of data to be converted, limits variable-definition range；
Subject and example mapping ruler is arranged in step 5., and the source data field corresponding conversion that will acquire is HttpURI；
Step 6. sets a property mapping ruler, comprising: source field, object properties, data attribute, object and the predicate example of acquisition
URI, multivalue separator, data type；
Storage format and storage target position is arranged in step 7., executes conversion and storage operation.
4. storage integral method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the step 2 specifically: in ETL tool
Middle addition data conversion script, input are connected to source database, that is, store the relevant database of tables of data to be converted, pass through
SQL query provides all fields in source data table, is selected and is obtained to be converted in tables of data according to the semantic model of prebuild
Mandatory field.
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| CN113535758B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-24 | 浩鲸云计算科技股份有限公司 | Big data system and method for converting traditional database scripts into cloud in batch |
| CN113535758A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-10-22 | 浩鲸云计算科技股份有限公司 | Big data system and method for converting traditional database scripts into cloud in batch |
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