CN112034202A - Wind speed and direction sensor and method for kilometric ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind speed and direction sensor and a method for a kilometer-scale ocean wind energy unmanned vehicle. During the process of diving with the aircraft, the wind speed and direction sensor is subjected to the action of seawater pressure by a pressure-bearing cavity, and passes through a sealing ring. Prevent the water from entering the sealed cavity, so that the components in the sealed cavity are protected; the components outside the sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor are all mechanical parts, which are not damaged by immersion in seawater. In the process of the ocean wind-driven unmanned vehicle emerges from the water and floats on the sea surface, the wind speed and wind direction sensor implements wind speed measurement by calculating the frequency at which the wind cup drives the pulse gear to cut the beam of the photoelectric induction component; by detecting that the beam of the photoelectric induction component passes through the gap of the Gray code disc Angular deflection is generated when the wind direction is measured.

Description

Wind speed and direction sensor and method for kilometer-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aerial vehicle

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of meteorological monitoring instruments, and in particular relates to a wind speed and direction sensor which is used for an ocean wind-driven unmanned vehicle and has a thousand-level water depth, waterproof and pressure resistance capabilities.

Background technique

Ocean wind powered unmanned vehicle is a marine unmanned vehicle that can use sea surface wind energy to achieve sailing propulsion. This method of propulsion by means of environmental wind energy can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the vehicle and enhance the endurance and self-sustainability of the vehicle. .

The marine wind powered unmanned vehicle needs to be equipped with a wind speed and direction sensor. The sensor can obtain wind speed and wind direction information during sailing and provide reference data for the sail angle, rudder angle, and speed setting control of the craft. The navigation environment of the marine unmanned aerial vehicle puts forward higher requirements on the waterproof and pressure resistance performance of the wind speed and direction sensor. On the one hand, the wind speed and direction sensor is required to be exposed to the sea surface environment for data collection when the aircraft is sailing on the water surface. The work, on the other hand, requires that the wind speed and direction sensor can accompany the aircraft to dive underwater at a depth of thousand meters.

Existing commercial wind speed and direction sensors (photoelectric, electromagnetic, pitot tube, thermal, ultrasonic, etc.) have waterproof performance up to 10m long-term immersion capability, which is the same as that of ocean wind-powered unmanned aerial vehicles. There is a significant gap in the requirements of grade depth waterproof and pressure resistance. Therefore, the existing commercial wind speed and direction sensors are not suitable for marine wind-powered UAVs. It is necessary to develop a new type of wind speed and wind direction sensor with kilometer-level water depth, waterproof and pressure resistance, which is suitable for marine wind-powered UAVs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the waterproof and pressure-resistant performance of the existing commercial wind speed and direction sensors cannot meet the problem that the sensor can perform a kilometer-level water depth dive with the ocean wind-driven unmanned aerial vehicle, and develop a kind of marine wind-driven unmanned aerial vehicle. A new type of wind speed and direction sensor and method with kilometer-level water depth, waterproof and pressure resistance capabilities.

The purpose of this invention is to realize through the following technical solutions:

A wind speed and direction sensor for a kilometer-scale offshore wind energy unmanned vehicle, comprising a watertight plug, a base, a pressure-bearing casing, a pressure-bearing end cover, a submerged casing, an outer rotating shaft, a first bearing, a second bearing, and an outer retaining ring , Outer disk of plane coupling, inner disk of plane coupling, third bearing, fourth bearing, inner shaft, inner retaining ring, circuit board, measuring element, sensor assembly and photoelectric induction assembly;

The base, the pressure-bearing casing and the pressure-bearing end cover are all rotary structures, and the pressure-bearing end cover, the pressure-bearing casing and the base are arranged in order from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the rotation axis and form the waterproof pressure-bearing seal of the wind speed and direction sensor. cavity; the watertight plug is installed in the threaded hole at the axis of rotation at the bottom of the base;

The submerged shell is a rotary body structure and is vertically installed on the upper part of the pressure-bearing end cover along the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation of the submerged shell is provided with a first circular groove and a second circular groove, and the first circular groove is provided. The first bearing and the second bearing are respectively installed in the groove and the second circular groove, the outer rotating shaft is installed in the bearing inner ring of the first bearing and the second bearing and can rotate around the rotation axis°, and the outer rotating shaft passes through the shaft shoulder Positioned in axial contact with the upper end face of the inner ring of the first bearing, the outer shaft is installed with the outer retaining ring through the groove, and is positioned in axial contact with the lower end face of the inner ring of the second bearing through the outer retaining ring; the bottom of the outer shaft is inserted In the center hole of the outer disk of the plane coupling; a measuring element is installed on the top of the outer shaft;

The inner magnetic disk, the third bearing, the fourth bearing, the inner rotating shaft, the inner retaining ring, and the circuit board are sequentially placed in the waterproof and pressure-bearing sealing cavity along the vertical direction of the rotation axis from top to bottom in the plane coupling; The rotation axis is provided with a third circular groove and a fourth circular groove, the third and fourth bearings are respectively installed in the third circular groove and the fourth circular groove, and the inner rotating shaft is installed in the The bearing inner ring of the third bearing and the fourth bearing can rotate around the rotation axis°. The inner shaft is positioned in axial contact with the lower end face of the inner ring of the fourth bearing through the shaft shoulder. The inner shaft is installed with the inner retaining ring through the groove. , and realize the axial contact positioning with the upper end face of the inner ring of the third bearing through the inner retaining ring; the top of the inner shaft is inserted into the center hole of the inner disk of the plane coupling; the bottom of the inner shaft is installed with a sensor assembly; the circuit board is circular And installed at the center of the upper end face of the base, the photoelectric induction component is welded on the circuit board and used for wind speed and wind direction measurement;

The outer magnetic disk of the planar coupling and the inner magnetic disk of the planar coupling form a set of non-contact magnetic couplings; the outer magnetic disk of the planar coupling and the inner magnetic disk of the planar coupling are axially magnetized and magnetized in opposite directions.

Further, the watertight plug and the base are in the form of axial sealing, the center of the lower end face of the base is provided with a smooth concave table surface, the end face of the watertight plug is provided with a groove, and a sealing ring is embedded in the groove to achieve waterproof sealing between the watertight plug and the base. The lower end surface of the base is provided with installation threaded bottom holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the installation threaded bottom holes are used to connect and fasten with the horizontal installation surface of the marine wind-driven unmanned vehicle, and keep the rotation axis of the wind speed and direction sensor in the vertical direction; The watertight plug is used to connect with the watertight cable of the marine wind-powered unmanned vehicle to realize the 24VDC power supply and serial data transmission function for the wind speed and direction sensor.

Further, grooves are provided on the lower end surface of the pressure-bearing end cover and the upper end surface of the base, and a sealing ring is embedded in the groove to realize the waterproof sealing between the pressure-bearing end cover and the pressure-bearing casing, the base and the pressure-bearing casing; the pressure-bearing end cover , The base is provided with bolt mounting holes evenly distributed around the circumference of the radial edge of the end face, and is fastened to the pressure-bearing casing by bolts; the base, pressure-bearing casing and pressure-bearing end cover are made of TC4 titanium alloy or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy metal material production.

Further, the pressure-bearing casing, the pressure-bearing end cover and the water-immersed casing are fastened and connected by bolts, the outer rotating shaft is positioned in axial contact with the upper end face of the inner ring of the first bearing through the first shaft shoulder, and the plane connection is realized through the second shaft shoulder. The axial contact positioning of the outer disk of the shaft coupling; the circumferential fixation of the outer rotating shaft and the outer disk of the plane coupling is realized by the set screw; the water-immersed shell and the outer rotating shaft are made of TC4 titanium alloy or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy metal material ; The first bearing and the second bearing are ceramic ball bearings.

Further, the inner rotating shaft is positioned in axial contact with the lower end face of the inner ring of the fourth bearing through the third shaft shoulder, and the axial contact positioning of the magnetic disk in the plane coupling is realized through the fourth shaft shoulder; The circumferential fixation is achieved by set screws.

Further, the pressure-bearing end cover is made of non-magnetic aluminum alloy 6061-T6 material as an isolation cover, which separates the outer disk of the plane coupling from the inner disk of the plane coupling; the outer disk of the plane coupling is separated from the plane coupling. The N-pole magnetic blocks and the S-pole magnetic blocks in the inner disk are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction to form a magnetic circuit breaker; Inner disk; in the static state without wind, the N-pole magnetic block and the S-pole magnetic block between the outer disk of the plane coupling and the inner disk of the plane coupling attract each other and are arranged in a straight line, and the torque is zero; when the plane coupling When the outer disk rotates under the action of wind load, an offset angle is formed between the outer disk of the plane coupling and the inner disk of the plane coupling, and the N-pole magnetic block in the outer disk of the plane coupling and the corresponding inner disk of the plane coupling The S-pole magnetic block inside produces a pulling effect, and the S-pole magnetic block in the outer disk of the planar coupling and the corresponding N-pole magnetic block in the inner disk of the planar coupling have a pushing effect, so that the disk in the planar coupling can follow the plane. The outer disk of the coupling rotates.

Further, the measuring element includes a wind cup for measuring wind speed and a wind vane for measuring wind direction.

Further, the sensor assembly includes a pulse tooth disc and a Gray code disc.

In addition, a wind speed and direction method for kilometer-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aerial vehicle is provided, including the following methods:

S1. During the measurement process, the wind load drives the external wind cup, the outer shaft, the outer disk of the plane coupling, and the inner disk, the inner shaft, and the pulse toothed disk of the plane coupling in the sealed cavity to rotate in turn; the pulsed toothed disk rotates in the photoelectric induction The light beam is rotated and cut in the gap of the component, and the photoelectric induction component generates a signal output proportional to the wind speed according to the cutting frequency of the pulse tooth disc;

S2. During the measurement process, the wind load drives the external weather flag, the external shaft, the outer disk of the plane coupling and the inner disk of the plane coupling, the inner rotating shaft, and the pulse tooth disk in the sealed cavity to produce angular deflection; due to the Gray code disk Angular deflection is generated in the gap of the photoelectric induction assembly, and the photoelectric induction assembly outputs a wind direction detection signal according to the beam signal passing through the Gray code disc.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the present invention are:

1. The present invention adopts a watertight plug, a base, a pressure-bearing shell, and a pressure-bearing end cover to form a pressure-bearing structure, and adopts a static seal to achieve a kilometer-level water pressure waterproof seal. Compared with the dynamic sealing technology scheme, the sealing reliability is higher. Compared with the existing commercial wind speed and direction sensor, the waterproof performance is significantly improved.

2. The present invention adopts the plane magnetic coupling coupling to realize the non-contact transmission of torque between the inner rotating shaft and the outer rotating shaft of the wind speed and direction sensor. Compared with the technical solution of the dynamic seal of the rotating shaft, the planar magnetic coupling scheme adopted by the present invention has small starting torque of the rotating shaft, low frictional resistance, less rotational speed loss of the rotating shaft in the wind speed measurement, and fast steering response of the rotating shaft in the wind direction measurement.

3. The wind speed measurement and wind direction measurement of the present invention adopts the same technical scheme of transmission, pressure resistance and waterproof sealing, and has strong versatility. It is only necessary to change the parts installed on the end shaft section of the outer shaft and the lower end shaft section of the inner shaft according to different measurement objects.

4. The water-immersed outer rotating shaft of the wind speed and wind direction sensor of the present invention is supported and rotated by a ceramic ball bearing, and the bearing can be immersed in seawater for a long time and is resistant to corrosion. Compared with ordinary steel ball bearings, resistance caused by bearing corrosion can be avoided.

5. The working principle of the present invention is simple, the measurement adopts the principle of mechanical transmission, the design of each device is compact and compact, the integration degree is high, and no special processing technology and special parts are required, the technology is mature, the cost is low, and the work reliability and stability are high.

6. The waterproof and pressure-bearing sealed cavity is subjected to seawater pressure during the process of diving with the aircraft. The sealing ring prevents the sealed cavity from entering water, so that the components in the sealed cavity are protected; the external components of the sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor are all Mechanical parts, immersed in seawater without damage. During the process of the marine wind-driven unmanned vehicle exiting the water and floating on the sea surface, the wind speed and direction sensor is placed at the highest point of the vehicle and the rotation axis is kept in the vertical direction, and there are no obstacles in the circumferential direction to measure the wind speed and direction.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the wind speed measurement case of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structure schematic diagram of wind direction measurement case of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a plane coupling disk

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the main body of a wind speed and direction sensor for marine wind powered unmanned aerial vehicle includes: a watertight plug 1, a base 2, a pressure-bearing casing 3, a pressure-bearing end cover 4, a water-immersed casing 5, Outer shaft 6, first bearing 7, second bearing 8, outer retaining ring 9, outer disk 10 of plane coupling, inner disk 11 of plane coupling, third bearing 12, fourth bearing 13, inner shaft 14, inner The retaining ring 15 , the circuit board 16 , the bolts 17 , the sealing ring 18 a , the sealing ring 18 b , and the set screw 19 .

The watertight plug 1 is installed in the 7/16-20UNF threaded hole at the rotation axis of the base 2. The watertight plug 1 and the base 2 are in the form of axial sealing. The center of the lower end face of the base 2 is designed with a diameter of 24mm and a surface roughness of Ra1. .6μm smooth concave table surface, the end face of the watertight plug 1 is designed with a groove, and the sealing ring 18a is embedded in the groove to achieve waterproof sealing between the watertight plug 1 and the base 2. The lower end surface of the base 2 is designed with mounting threaded bottom holes 201 that are evenly distributed around the circumference. The installation threaded bottom hole 201 is used to fasten the connection with the horizontal installation surface of the marine wind-driven unmanned vehicle, and to keep the rotation axis of the wind speed and direction sensor in the vertical direction. The watertight plug 1 is used to connect with the watertight cable of the marine wind-powered unmanned vehicle, and realize the functions of 24VDC power supply and serial data transmission for the wind speed and direction sensor.

The base 2, the pressure-bearing shell 3, and the pressure-bearing end cover 4 are all rotary structures. The pressure-bearing end cover 4, the pressure-bearing shell 3, and the base 2 are placed in order from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the rotation axis to form the wind speed and direction sensor. Waterproof pressure sealed cavity. The lower end surface of the pressure end cover 4 and the upper end surface of the base 2 are designed with grooves, and the sealing ring 18b is embedded in the grooves to realize the waterproof seal between the pressure end cover 4 and the pressure bearing shell 3 , the base 2 and the pressure bearing shell 3 . The pressure-bearing end cover 4 and the base 2 are provided with bolt mounting holes evenly distributed around the circumference at the radial edge of the end face, and are fastened to the pressure-bearing housing 3 by bolts 17 .

The inner disk 11 , the third bearing 12 , the fourth bearing 13 , the inner shaft 14 , the inner retaining ring 15 , and the circuit board 16 of the plane coupling are sequentially placed in the waterproof and pressure-bearing sealing cavity from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the rotation axis. The third bearing 12 is installed in the circular groove 301 at the rotation axis of the pressure-bearing housing 3, and the lower end surface of the outer ring of the third bearing 12 is positioned in contact with the circular groove surface 302; the fourth bearing 13 is installed in the pressure-bearing housing 3 to rotate In the circular groove 303 at the axis, the upper end surface of the outer ring of the fourth bearing 13 is positioned in contact with the circular groove surface 304 . The inner rotating shaft 14 is installed in the bearing inner ring of the third bearing 12 and the fourth bearing 13 and can rotate 360° around the rotation axis. The shaft shoulder 141 of the inner rotating shaft 14 is in axial contact with the lower end face of the inner ring of the fourth bearing 13 and positioned in axial contact. The ring 15 is installed in the groove 142 of the inner rotating shaft 14 to achieve axial contact and positioning with the upper end surface of the inner ring of the third bearing 12 . The end shaft segment 143 of the inner shaft 14 is inserted into the central hole of the magnetic disk 11 in the plane coupling, and the shaft shoulder 144 realizes the axial contact positioning of the magnetic disk 11 in the plane coupling. The set screw 19 realizes the circumferential fixation of the inner shaft 14 and the inner magnetic disk 11 of the plane coupling. The circuit board 16 is circular and is placed at the center of the upper end surface of the base 2 , and the bolts 17 are used to fasten the circuit board 16 and the base 2 . The photoelectric induction components 26 and 26b are soldered on the circuit board 16 and used for wind speed and wind direction measurement.

The submerged casing 5 is a rotary structure and is vertically installed on the upper part of the pressure-bearing end cover 4 along the axis of rotation, and is fastened to the pressure-bearing casing 3 , the pressure-bearing end cover 4 and the submerged casing 5 by bolts 17 . The first bearing 7 is installed in the circular groove 501 at the rotation axis of the submerged housing 5, and the lower end surface of the outer ring of the first bearing 7 is positioned in contact with the circular groove surface 502; the second bearing 8 is installed at the rotation axis of the submerged housing 5 In the circular groove 503, the upper end surface of the outer ring of the second bearing 8 is in contact with the circular groove surface 504 for positioning. The outer rotating shaft 6 is installed in the bearing inner rings of the first bearing 7 and the second bearing 8 and can rotate 360° around the rotation axis. The shaft shoulder 601 of the outer rotating shaft 6 is in axial contact with the upper end face of the inner ring of the first bearing 7 and positioned in axial contact. The ring 9 is installed in the groove 602 of the outer shaft 6 and realizes the axial contact positioning with the lower end surface of the inner ring of the second bearing 8 . The lower end shaft section 603 of the outer rotating shaft 6 is inserted into the central hole of the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling, and the shoulder 604 realizes the axial contact positioning of the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling. The set screw 19 realizes the circumferential fixation of the outer rotating shaft 6 and the outer magnetic disk 10 of the plane coupling.

The first bearing 7 and the second bearing 8 are ceramic ball bearings, which can be used in the marine environment for a long time and are resistant to seawater corrosion. The base 2, the pressure-bearing housing 3, the water-immersed housing 5, and the outer rotating shaft 6 are made of, but not limited to, TC4 titanium alloy, 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and other metal materials resistant to seawater corrosion.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the outer magnetic disk 10 of the planar coupling and the inner magnetic disk 11 of the planar coupling constitute a set of non-contact magnetic couplings. The pressure end cover 4 is made of non-magnetic aluminum alloy 6061-T6 material as an isolation cover, and separates the outer magnetic disk 10 of the plane coupling from the inner magnetic disk 11 of the plane coupling in the pressure sealing cavity. The outer magnetic disk 10 of the planar coupling and the inner magnetic disk 11 of the planar coupling are magnetized in the axial direction and in opposite directions of magnetization. The N-pole magnetic blocks 20 and S-pole magnetic blocks 21 in the outer magnetic disk 10 of the plane coupling and the magnetic disk 11 in the plane coupling are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction to form a magnetic circuit breaker. The magnetic force lines pass through the pressure-bearing end cover 4 to transmit the power and motion of the outer magnetic disk 10 of the planar coupling to the inner magnetic disk 11 of the planar coupling. In the static state without wind, the N-pole magnetic block 20 and the S-pole magnetic block 21 between the outer magnetic disk 10 of the planar coupling and the inner magnetic disk 11 of the planar coupling attract each other and are arranged in a straight line, and the torque is zero. When the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling rotates under the action of wind load, an offset angle is formed between the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling and the inner disk 11 of the plane coupling, and the N-pole magnetic block 20a pulls the S-pole magnetic block 21b As a result, the S pole magnetic block 21a pushes the N pole magnetic block 20b, so that the inner disk 11 of the planar coupling follows the outer disk 10 of the planar coupling to rotate.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in the case of measuring wind speed, the wind cup 22 is installed at the upper end shaft section 605 of the outer rotating shaft 6 and is positioned axially by the shaft shoulder 606 of a wind speed and direction sensor for marine wind powered unmanned aerial vehicle. , the set screw 19 is tightened circumferentially. The impulse toothed plate 24 is installed at the lower end shaft section 145 of the inner rotating shaft 14, and is positioned axially by the shaft shoulder 146, and the set screw 19 is circumferentially fastened. During the measurement process, the wind load drives the external wind cup 22, the external shaft 6, the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling, the inner disk 11, the inner shaft 14, and the pulse ring 24 of the plane coupling in the sealed cavity to rotate in turn. The pulse toothed disc 24 rotates and cuts the light beam in the gap of the photoelectric induction unit 26 , and the photoelectric induction unit 26 generates a signal output proportional to the wind speed according to the cutting frequency of the pulsed toothed disc 24 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , in the case of measuring the wind direction of a wind speed and direction sensor for an ocean wind-driven unmanned vehicle, the wind vane 23 is installed at the upper end shaft section 605 of the outer rotating shaft 6 and is positioned axially by the shaft shoulder 606 , the set screw 19 is tightened circumferentially. The Gray code disc 25 is installed at the lower end shaft section 145 of the inner rotating shaft 14, and is positioned axially by the shaft shoulder 146, and the set screw 19 is circumferentially fastened. During the measurement, the wind load sequentially drives the external weather vane 23, the external shaft 6, the outer disk 10 of the plane coupling, and the inner disk 11, the inner shaft 14, and the pulse toothed disk 24 of the plane coupling in the sealed cavity to produce angular deflection. Since the Gray code disc 25 produces an angular deflection in the gap of the photoelectric sensing element 26 , the photoelectric sensing element 26 shapes and outputs the wind direction detection signal according to the light beam signal passing through the Gray code disc 25 .

When the wind speed and direction sensor of the present invention is used for the marine wind-driven unmanned vehicle in the process of diving into the water with the vehicle, the pressure-bearing cavity composed of the base 2, the pressure-bearing outer shell 3 and the pressure-bearing end cover 4 is subjected to the action of seawater pressure and sealed The ring prevents water from entering the sealed cavity, and the components in the sealed cavity are protected. The components outside the sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor are all mechanical parts, which are not damaged by immersion in seawater. During the process of the marine wind-driven unmanned vehicle exiting the water and floating on the sea surface, the wind speed and direction sensor is placed at the highest point of the vehicle and the rotation axis is kept in the vertical direction, and there are no obstacles in the circumferential direction to measure the wind speed and direction.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The above description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative and not restrictive. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many specific transformations under the inspiration of the present invention, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A wind speed and direction sensor for a kilometric ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized by comprising a watertight plug (1), a base (2), a pressure-bearing shell (3), a pressure-bearing end cover (4), a water immersion shell (5), an outer rotating shaft (6), a first bearing (7), a second bearing (8), an outer retainer ring (9), a plane coupling outer magnetic disc (10), a plane coupling inner magnetic disc (11), a third bearing (12), a fourth bearing (13), an inner rotating shaft (14), an inner retainer ring (15), a circuit board (16), a measuring element, a sensor assembly and a photoelectric sensing assembly (26);

the base (2), the pressure-bearing shell (3) and the pressure-bearing end cover (4) are all of a revolving body structure, and the pressure-bearing end cover (4), the pressure-bearing shell (3) and the base (2) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the vertical direction of a revolving axis to form a waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity of the wind speed and direction sensor; the watertight plug (1) is arranged in a threaded hole at the rotary axis at the bottom of the base (2);

the water immersion shell (5) is of a rotary body structure and is vertically arranged on the upper portion of the pressure-bearing end cover (4) along a rotary axis, a first circular groove (501) and a second circular groove (503) are formed in the rotary axis of the water immersion shell (5), the first bearing (7) and the second bearing (8) are respectively arranged in the first circular groove (501) and the second circular groove (503), the outer rotating shaft (6) is arranged in bearing inner rings of the first bearing (7) and the second bearing (8) and can rotate around the rotary axis by 360 degrees, the outer rotating shaft (6) is axially contacted and positioned with the upper end face of the inner ring of the first bearing (7) through a shaft shoulder, the outer retaining ring (9) is arranged on the outer rotating shaft (6) through a groove, and the axial contact and positioning with the lower end face of the inner ring of the second bearing (8) are realized through the outer retaining ring (9); the bottom of the outer rotating shaft (6) is inserted into a central hole of an outer disk (10) of the plane coupling; the top of the outer rotating shaft (6) is provided with a measuring element;

an inner magnetic disc (11), a third bearing (12), a fourth bearing (13), an inner rotating shaft (14), an inner retainer ring (15) and a circuit board (16) of the planar coupler are sequentially arranged in the waterproof pressure-bearing sealed cavity from top to bottom along the vertical direction of a rotation axis; a third circular groove (301) and a fourth circular groove (303) are arranged at the middle rotary axis of the pressure-bearing shell (3), the third bearing (12) and the fourth bearing (13) are respectively arranged in the third circular groove (301) and the fourth circular groove (303), the inner rotary shaft (14) is arranged in the bearing inner rings of the third bearing (12) and the fourth bearing (13) and can rotate around the rotary axis by 360 degrees, the inner rotary shaft (14) is axially contacted and positioned with the lower end surface of the inner ring of the fourth bearing (13) through a shaft shoulder, the inner rotary shaft (14) is provided with the inner retainer ring (15) through a groove, and the inner retainer ring (15) is used for axially contacting and positioning with the upper end surface of the inner ring of the third bearing (12); the top of the inner rotating shaft (14) is inserted into a central hole of an inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling; the bottom of the inner rotating shaft (14) is provided with a sensor assembly; the circuit board (16) is circular and is arranged at the center of the upper end face of the base (2), and the photoelectric sensing assembly (26) is welded on the circuit board (16) and is used for measuring wind speed and wind direction;

the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling form a group of non-contact magnetic couplings; the outer magnetic disk (10) of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disk (11) of the plane coupling are magnetized along the axial direction and the magnetizing directions are opposite.

2. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized in that the watertight plug (1) and the base (2) adopt an axial sealing mode, a smooth concave table surface is arranged at the center of the lower end surface of the base (2), a groove is formed in the end surface of the watertight plug (1), and a sealing ring is embedded in the groove to realize waterproof sealing between the watertight plug (1) and the base (2); the lower end face of the base (2) is provided with mounting thread bottom holes (201) which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction; the mounting threaded bottom hole (201) is used for being connected and fastened with a horizontal mounting surface of the ocean pneumatic unmanned aircraft and keeping the rotation axis of the wind speed and direction sensor in a vertical direction; the watertight plug (1) is used for being connected with a watertight cable of the marine pneumatic unmanned aircraft, and realizes 24VDC power supply and serial port data transmission functions of the wind speed and direction sensor.

3. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilometric-scale unmanned ocean wind vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that grooves are formed in both the lower end face of the pressure-bearing end cover (4) and the upper end face of the base (2), and sealing rings are embedded in the grooves to realize waterproof sealing between the pressure-bearing end cover (4) and the pressure-bearing shell (3) and between the base (2) and the pressure-bearing shell (3); bolt mounting holes are uniformly distributed on the radial edge of the end face of the pressure-bearing end cover (4) and the base (2) at the circumference, and are fixedly connected with the pressure-bearing shell (3) through bolts (17); the base (2), the pressure-bearing shell (3) and the pressure-bearing end cover (4) are made of TC4 titanium alloy or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy metal materials.

4. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized in that a pressure-bearing shell (3), a pressure-bearing end cover (4) and a water immersion shell (5) are fixedly connected through bolts (17), an outer rotating shaft (6) is axially contacted and positioned with the upper end face of an inner ring of a first bearing (7) through a first shaft shoulder (601), and the axial contact and positioning of a magnetic disk (10) outside a plane coupling are realized through a second shaft shoulder (604); the circumferential fixation of the outer rotating shaft (6) and the outer magnetic disk (10) of the plane coupling is realized by a set screw (19); the water immersion shell (5) and the outer rotating shaft (6) are made of TC4 titanium alloy or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy metal materials; the first bearing (7) and the second bearing (8) are ceramic ball bearings.

5. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized in that the inner rotating shaft (14) is axially contacted and positioned with the lower end face of the inner ring of the fourth bearing (13) through a third shaft shoulder (141), and the axial contact and positioning of the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling is realized through a fourth shaft shoulder (144); the circumferential fixation of the inner rotating shaft (14) and the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling is realized through a set screw (19).

6. The wind speed and direction sensor for the kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is characterized in that a pressure-bearing end cover (4) is made of a non-magnetic aluminum alloy 6061-T6 material as an isolation cover to separate a magnetic disc (11) in a plane coupling from a magnetic disc (10) outside the plane coupling; the outer magnetic disk (10) of the planar coupler and the N-pole magnetic blocks (20) and the S-pole magnetic blocks (21) in the inner magnetic disk (11) of the planar coupler are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction to form a magnetic open-circuit connection body; magnetic lines of force pass through the pressure-bearing end cover (4) to transmit the power and the motion of the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling to the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling; in a windless static state, N pole magnetic blocks (20) and S pole magnetic blocks (21) between an outer magnetic disk (10) and an inner magnetic disk (11) of the planar coupling are mutually attracted and arranged in a straight line, and the torque is zero; when the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling rotates under the action of wind load, an offset corner is formed between the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling and the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling, an N-pole magnetic block in the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling and an S-pole magnetic block in the corresponding inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling generate a pulling action, an S-pole magnetic block in the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling and an N-pole magnetic block in the corresponding inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling generate a pushing action, and the inner magnetic disc (11) of the plane coupling rotates along with the outer magnetic disc (10) of the plane coupling.

7. A wind speed and direction sensor for a thousand meter scale ocean wind energy unmanned vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that said measuring elements comprise a wind cup (22) for measuring wind speed and a wind vane (23) for measuring wind direction.

8. The anemometry sensor for a thousand meter marine wind energy unmanned aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that said sensor assembly comprises a pulse fluted disc (24) and a Gray code disc (25).

9. A wind speed and direction method for a kilo-meter-scale ocean wind energy unmanned aircraft is based on the wind speed and direction sensor of claim 1 and is characterized by comprising the following modes:

s1, in the measuring process, the wind load drives an external wind cup (22), an external rotating shaft (6), a plane coupling external magnetic disk (10), and a plane coupling internal magnetic disk (11), an internal rotating shaft (14) and a pulse fluted disk (24) in a sealing cavity to rotate in sequence; the pulse fluted disc (24) rotates in a crack of the photoelectric sensing assembly (26) and cuts a light beam, and the photoelectric sensing assembly (26) generates a signal output which is in direct proportion to the wind speed according to the cutting frequency of the pulse fluted disc (24);

s2, in the measuring process, the wind load drives an external wind vane (23), an external rotating shaft (6), a plane coupling external magnetic disk (10) and a plane coupling internal magnetic disk (11), an internal rotating shaft (14) and a pulse fluted disk (24) in a sealing cavity to generate angle deflection in sequence; because the Gray code disc (25) generates angular deflection in a crack of the photoelectric sensing assembly (26), the photoelectric sensing assembly (26) shapes and outputs a wind direction detection signal according to a light beam signal passing through the Gray code disc (25).

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