CN112032722B - Horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on Internet of things - Google Patents
Horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/102—Combustion in two or more stages with supplementary heating
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
- F23G2205/122—Belt conveyor
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/20—Medical materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things. Firstly, applying the concept of the Internet of things to the medical waste cracking process to construct an automatic system capable of intelligently acquiring information, transmitting information, processing information and applying information; then, treating the medical waste by using a horizontal plasma cracking furnace; and finally, designing a fault detection system in the data monitoring control system to monitor the condition of the horizontal plasma cracking furnace in real time. Compared with other medical waste methods, the method has higher risk of treating the objects, does not need secondary classification, and reduces the possibility of secondary pollution; the concept of the Internet of things is adopted, so that the matching of all parts is more efficient; an automatic control system is used, so that the labor is reduced; and a fault diagnosis system is added, so that the safety coefficient is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hazardous waste treatment, and particularly provides a horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things.
Background
At present, the management system of Chinese medical wastes is not perfect, although the medical wastes are required to be burned and treated in a centralized way, many hospitals do not have standard burning facilities, but use simple furnaces, and are not provided with waste gas nursing devices, so that the secondary pollution is serious. In incineration, the performance of the incinerator is not satisfactory, incineration is incomplete, and it is difficult to determine whether infectious, toxic, or otherwise harmful substances remain in the discharged waste gas and slag. Some medical wastes are not processed in time, the medical wastes cannot be stored for more than forty-eight hours, and if incineration equipment of a hospital is not in place and needs to be transported or wait for uniform processing, many medical wastes exceed the storage safety period. In recent years, China pays attention to environmental protection, and more energy-saving and environment-friendly garbage treatment methods are needed.
The plasma technology is an advanced environment-friendly technology at the international frontier, is the most reliable measure for treating various solid wastes, and has wide market prospect in the field of environmental management. Plasma is a high temperature, ionized, and conductive gaseous state created by the contact of a gas with an arc. Due to the electric conductivity of the ionized gas, the electric arc energy can be quickly converted into heat energy, and a high-strength heat source which can reach 5500 ℃ is formed. The ultra-high temperature characteristic makes the plasma more adaptive to the processing object.
The application of the Internet of things relates to various fields, such as industry, agriculture, logistics, traffic and the like, so that the resource allocation of various industries is more reasonable, the cooperation is more efficient, and the life quality of people is improved. With the advent of the big data age, the application prospect of the management system integrating information acquisition, information transmission, information processing and information feedback is very wide.
Fault diagnosis has long been an important research topic in academia and industry. Reliability and safety are always important indexes for measuring product quality, and the fault diagnosis capability has great influence on the reliability and safety, especially in industries with higher risk. Considering medical waste incineration, the existing high-temperature environment is possibly faced with the danger of medical waste poisoning, which is important for ensuring the safety of the incinerator, and the fault diagnosis function is indispensable. The uncertain reasoning mode of fuzzy reasoning has low requirements on the model, is more dependent on data, and is very consistent with the characteristics of the medical waste cracking process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the conventional medical waste treatment system is imperfect, common incineration can generate dioxin harmful to the environment, a plasma incinerator breaks down to cause fuel leakage or endanger personal safety and the like, and provides an intelligent plasma medical waste garbage cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things, so that harmless and automatic treatment of medical waste is realized, equipment and personal safety in the treatment process is guaranteed, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are considered.
The invention relates to a horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things.
The horizontal plasma cracking system conveys medical wastes through a conveyor belt and treats the medical wastes; the data monitoring and controlling system is used for monitoring the data of each device in the plasma cracking process in real time and controlling the speed of the conveyor belt according to the monitoring data; and a fault detection system is designed in the data monitoring and controlling system, and the fault of each device in the horizontal plasma cracking system is diagnosed in real time by adopting a fuzzy reasoning mode.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things can treat wastes with higher risk in the aspect of treating objects, and the closed treatment system ensures that the safety coefficient of the whole process is higher;
2) according to the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things, metal can be combusted due to the ultrahigh temperature of plasma, so that secondary classification work before cracking is omitted, and unnecessary leakage pollution in the medical waste cracking process is avoided;
3) according to the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things, the advanced concept of the Internet of things is adopted, so that the matching among all parts is more efficient, the preparation conditions are provided for the work of an automatic control system, the effect of equipment used in the system in the service life is maximized, and the energy waste is reduced;
4) the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things adopts intelligent control, is automatically finished from feeding to exhausting, can automatically adjust the cracking power of the medical waste, faces different use requirements, reduces manual steps, and reduces operation difficulty and the possibility of pollution leakage;
5) according to the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things, a fault detection system is added, real-time data are transmitted to a computing terminal through a front-end sensor, whether the system breaks down or not is monitored in real time, and potential safety hazards caused by untimely fault treatment are avoided to a great extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal plasma cracking system in the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the internet of things.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a PID control system control method in the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fault diagnosis mode in the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things.
In the figure:
1-garbage conveyor belt 2-main combustion furnace 3-auxiliary combustion furnace
4-first plasma gun group 5-second plasma gun group 6-third plasma gun group
7-fourth plasma gun group 8-fifth plasma gun group 9-ash collector
10-heat exchanger 11-cooling tower 12-active carbon adsorption device
13-dust removal device 14-deacidification tower 15-first one-way valve
16-induced draft fan 17-pneumatic valve 18-second one-way valve
19-first air supply machine 20-second air supply machine 21-first stop valve
22-second stop valve 23-first pneumatic valve 24-third stop valve
25-fourth stop valve 26-second check valve 27-third check valve
28-fifth stop valve 29-gas component analyzer 30-second pneumatic valve
31-second safety valve 32-return fan 33-third pneumatic valve
34-fourth one-way valve 35-fifth stop valve 36-first temperature sensor
37-second temperature sensor 38-third temperature sensor 39-fourth temperature sensor
40-fifth temperature sensor 41-sixth temperature sensor 42-seventh temperature sensor
43-eighth temperature sensor 44-ninth temperature sensor 45-tenth temperature sensor
46-main combustion chamber remote pressure sensor 47-auxiliary combustion chamber remote pressure sensor 48-main combustion chamber field pressure gauge
49-auxiliary combustion chamber on-site pressure gauge
Detailed Description
The following describes the design method of each part of the present invention with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things.
The horizontal plasma cracking system comprises a waste feeding system, a waste plasma combustion system, a tail gas treatment system, an air supplementing system and an air returning system.
As shown in fig. 1, the waste feeding system is responsible for medical waste comminution and transport, including a crusher and a waste conveyor 1. After the material is fed from the feeding hole of the crusher, the medical waste is crushed into small particle size by the crusher and falls into the initial end of the waste conveyor belt 1.
The waste plasma combustion system consists of a main combustion furnace 2 and an auxiliary combustion furnace 3, and the main combustion furnace 2 is connected with the auxiliary combustion furnace 3 through a pipeline.
The main combustion furnace 2 is in a horizontal layout, the garbage conveyor belt 1 is positioned inside the main combustion furnace 2 and conveys the medical garbage on the garbage conveyor belt to the main combustion furnace 2 to participate in high-temperature baking and pyrolysis incineration, and the conveying speed of the garbage conveyor belt can be automatically adjusted according to the combustion condition. The interior of the main combustion furnace 2 is divided into a drying zone, a first combustion zone, a second combustion zone and a third combustion zone in a transverse subsection manner from the starting end to the tail end, and the sections are divided by partition plates.
The main combustion furnace 2 also has a first plasma gun group 4, a second plasma gun group 5, a third plasma gun group 6, and a fourth plasma gun group 7. Wherein, the first plasma gun group 4 is arranged in the drying area and plays the roles of primary drying and primary incineration; the first plasma gun group 4 comprises 5 plasma guns, wherein 1 plasma gun is vertically arranged at the top of the drying area, 1 plasma gun is arranged on each side wall of the circumferential direction of the drying area, the plasma guns on the side walls incline downwards and form an angle of 45 degrees with the garbage conveyor belt 1. The second plasma gun group 5 is arranged in the first combustion area and plays a role in further drying and primary incineration; the second plasma gun group 5 comprises 5 plasma guns, the top of the second plasma gun group is vertically provided with 1 plasma gun, the side wall of each side of the periphery of the drying area is provided with 1 plasma gun, the plasma guns on the side walls incline downwards and form an angle of 45 degrees with the garbage conveyor belt 1. The third plasma gun group 6 is arranged in the second combustion area and plays a role in full pyrolysis incineration and primary incineration of partial combustible tail gas. The third plasma gun group 6 contains 5 plasma guns, and 1 plasma gun is arranged perpendicularly at the top, has arranged 1 plasma gun on every side wall around the drying zone, and the plasma gun downward sloping on the lateral wall becomes 45 degrees angles with rubbish conveyer belt 1. And a fourth plasma gun group 7 is arranged in the third combustion area, so that the effects of further pyrolysis incineration and partial primary incineration of combustible tail gas are achieved. The fourth plasma gun group 7 comprises 5 plasma guns, the top of the fourth plasma gun group is vertically provided with 1 plasma gun, each side wall of the periphery of the drying area is provided with 1 plasma gun, and the plasma guns on the side walls are downwards inclined to form an angle of 45 degrees with the garbage conveyor belt 1. A first air inlet is formed in the side wall of the starting end of the main combustion furnace 2 and is mainly used for conveying hot air to a drying area so as to improve the drying efficiency of medical wastes; the end face of the tail end of the main combustion furnace 2 is provided with a first gas outlet which is mainly used for conveying combustible gas mixture generated by incineration to the auxiliary combustion furnace; the first air outlet is provided with a main combustion chamber air outlet valve. The top of the main combustion furnace 2 is provided with a safety pressure relief device for ensuring the safety of equipment and preventing overpressure.
The auxiliary combustion furnace 3 is in a vertical layout, burns from bottom to top, and is used for burning combustible gas generated by the main combustion furnace 2 and further pyrolyzing macromolecular gases such as sulfide at high temperature, removing combustible gas such as methane and refractory gas such as sulfide, and further purifying air. The auxiliary combustion furnace 3 is provided with a fifth plasma gun group 8; the fifth plasma gun group 8 comprises 5 plasma guns, 1 plasma gun is vertically arranged in the middle of the top of the auxiliary combustion furnace 3, and 4 plasma guns are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the side wall of the middle part. The fifth plasma gun group 8 is used for burning combustible gas generated by the main combustion furnace 2 entering the auxiliary combustion furnace 3 and further pyrolyzing macromolecular gases such as sulfide and the like, so that the tail gas in the later period can be conveniently and environmentally treated. The plasma gun is arranged downwards on the periphery of the side wall of the auxiliary combustion furnace 3, the axis of the jet flame and the vertical flow direction of tail gas form an angle of 45 degrees, an active convection high-temperature incineration mode is formed, the combustion and cracking efficiency is increased, and the service life of the plasma gun is further prolonged.
A second air inlet and a third air inlet are arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the auxiliary combustion furnace 3; the second air inlet is communicated with the first air outlet through a pipeline; the third air inlet is connected with an air supplement system to realize the introduction of normal temperature air into the auxiliary combustion furnace 3. The third air inlet is 100-300 mm higher than the second air inlet, so that the light-density tail gas and the relatively heavy-density air can be mixed sufficiently, and the subsequent combustion efficiency can be improved. The second gas outlet is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the furnace body of the auxiliary combustion furnace 3 and is connected with a tail gas treatment device through a pipeline to facilitate the conveying of the burnt-off tail gas to a downstream tail gas treatment device system. And a safety pressure relief device is arranged at the top of the auxiliary combustion furnace 2 and used for ensuring the safety of equipment and preventing overpressure.
An ash collector 9 is arranged below the bottom of the tail end of the garbage conveyor belt 1 and below an ash outlet on the bottom surface of a burning area at the bottom of the auxiliary combustion furnace, and the ash collector 9 is used for automatically collecting slag generated by the main combustion furnace 2 and the auxiliary combustion furnace 3, so that automatic ash collection and temperature reduction are realized.
The tail gas treatment system comprises a heat exchanger 10, a cooling tower 11, an activated carbon adsorption device 12, a dust removal device 13, an acid removal tower 14, a first one-way valve 15, an induced draft fan 16, a pneumatic valve 17 and a second one-way valve 18 which are all connected through a tail gas treatment pipeline.
Wherein, the inlet of the heat exchanger 10 is connected with the second air outlet of the auxiliary combustion furnace 3 through a pipeline, so that the normal temperature air and the 1000-1500 ℃ high temperature tail gas generated after the secondary combustion in the auxiliary combustion furnace 3 can exchange heat in the heat exchanger 10 sufficiently, and the heat in the heat exchanger can be recovered. The heat exchanger 10 is communicated with a first air inlet of the main combustion furnace 2 through a pipeline, and introduces heated air into a drying area to participate in drying and combustion, so that the initial temperature and energy in the main combustion furnace are improved, the drying efficiency is improved, the energy conservation and emission reduction are realized, and the production cost is reduced. The cooling tower 11 is positioned at the downstream of the heat exchanger 10, and the temperature of the tail gas is further reduced to normal temperature by adopting a spraying cooling method, so that downstream equipment can further purify the tail gas; the activated carbon adsorption device 12 is positioned at the downstream of the cooling tower 11, is internally provided with activated carbon and slaked lime and is used for absorbing a small amount of residual dioxin and heavy metals in the tail gas and further purifying the tail gas; the dust removing device 13 is located at the downstream of the activated carbon adsorption device 12 and used for further removing solid particles and ash in the tail gas and avoiding environmental pollution. The acid removal tower 14 is positioned at the downstream of the dust removal device 13, and adopts 25% sodium hydroxide solution for removing residual sulfur dioxide and acidic substances in tail gas, so that the discharged gas meets the environmental protection requirement; the first one-way valve 15 is positioned at the outlet of the induced draft fan 16 and used for preventing the reverse flow of the tail gas; the induced draft fan 16 is positioned at the tail end of the tail gas treatment pipeline, the outlet of the induced draft fan 16 is directly communicated with the atmosphere, the induced draft fan adopts a variable-frequency speed-regulating fan, the wind speed is adjustable, the induced draft fan is used for overcoming the wind resistance of a process pipeline and each device, the purified tail gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, and meanwhile, the induced draft fan 16 can enable the plasma high-temperature pyrolysis incineration system to work in a micro-negative pressure state, so that the adverse phenomena of overpressure of the pipeline, gas leakage and the like are avoided; the pneumatic valve 17 is positioned at the tail end of the tail gas treatment pipeline and is used for remotely controlling a switch for gas emission; a second check valve 18 is located at the outlet of the cooling tower 11 for preventing the reverse flow of the exhaust gas to the cooling tower 11.
The air supplementing system is composed of a first air supplementing machine 19, a second air supplementing machine 20, a first stop valve 21, a second stop valve 22, a first pneumatic valve 23, a third stop valve 24, a fourth stop valve 25, a second one-way valve 26 and a third one-way valve 27 which are connected through pipelines.
Wherein, the first air supplement fan 19 is connected with the heat exchanger 10 through a first air supplement pipeline; the second air supplement fan 20 is connected with a third air inlet of the auxiliary combustion furnace through a second air supplement pipeline; the first air supply fan 19 and the second air supply fan 20 can work simultaneously or independently, are backup to each other, and are used for supplying hot air to the main combustion furnace 2 or supplying normal warm air to the auxiliary combustion furnace 3 to assist high-temperature combustion. The first air supplement fan 19 or the second air supplement fan 20 can ensure that the air supplement quantity of the other air supplement fan still meets the air supplement requirement of the system under the condition of failure of either one air supplement fan.
The first stop valve 21 and the third stop valve 24 are installed on the first air supplementing pipeline; the second stop valve 22 and the fourth stop valve 25 are arranged on the second air supplementing pipe; the first pneumatic valve 23 is installed on a communication line installed between the first and second air supply lines, one end of the communication line is connected between the first and third stop valves 21 and 24, and the other end is connected to the second and fourth stop valves 22 and 25. The first stop valve 21, the second stop valve 22 and the first pneumatic valve 23 are used for controlling the working modes and the air supplement amount of the first air supplement machine and the second air supplement machine, and the first pneumatic valve 23 is used for controlling each other, so that the simultaneous working of the fans or the independent respective air supplement working of the fans are realized. The second check valve 26 and the third check valve 27 are respectively installed on the first air supplement pipeline and the second air supplement pipeline, and are used for preventing combustible gas from flowing backwards to cause equipment danger.
The air return system consists of a fifth stop valve 28, a gas component analyzer 29, a second pneumatic valve 30, a second safety valve 31, an air return machine 32, a third pneumatic valve 33, a fourth one-way valve 34 and a fifth stop valve 35 which are connected through pipelines. If the discharged tail gas does not meet the environmental protection requirement, the air return system is started, the tail gas which does not meet the requirement is returned to the inlet of the active carbon adsorption device 12, and the tail gas participates in the process treatments of dust removal, purification and the like again until the tail gas reaches the requirement.
Wherein, the inlet pipeline of the air returning machine 32 is connected with the outlet pipeline of the induced draft fan 16, and the connection position is positioned between the first one-way valve 15 and the pneumatic valve 17. The second pneumatic valve 30 is installed on an inlet pipeline of the air return fan 32 and is close to an outlet pipeline of the induced draft fan 16. An outlet pipeline of the air returning machine 32 is connected with an inlet pipeline of the activated carbon adsorption device 12; the inlet pipeline of the gas component analyzer 29 is connected with the inlet pipeline of the air return fan 32, and the connection position is located between the second pneumatic valve 30 and the outlet pipeline of the induced draft fan 16. The fifth stop valve 35 is installed at the inlet of the gas component analyzer 29; the gas component analyzer 29 is used for monitoring the gas components of the exhaust gas; when the gas component analyzer 29 does not operate, the fifth cutoff valve 35 is closed to disconnect it from the system, protecting the gas component analyzer 29. The third pneumatic valve 33 and the fourth one-way valve 34 are arranged on an outlet pipeline of the air returning machine 32; the third pneumatic valve 33 is close to the inlet pipeline of the activated carbon adsorption device 303; the fourth check valve 34 is positioned between the third pneumatic valve 33 and the inlet pipeline of the activated carbon adsorption device 303; the third pneumatic valve 33 is used for preventing excessive tail gas from entering the section of pipeline when the valve is closed; prevent through fourth check valve 34 that active carbon adsorption device 12 entrance burning tail gas from palirrhea to air return system 5, cause secondary pollution, lead to the unable normal use of air return system. The second safety valve 31 is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the air returning machine 32 and is close to the inlet of the air returning machine 32; the third pneumatic valve 33 is installed on the outlet pipeline of the air returning machine 32, is positioned between the outlet of the air returning machine 32 and the fourth one-way valve 34, and avoids the overhigh pressure of the pipelines where the third pneumatic valve 33 and the second safety valve 31 are respectively positioned.
The data monitoring and controlling system adopts the concept of the Internet of things and is applied to a horizontal plasma cracking system. The data monitoring control system comprises information acquisition equipment, a fault diagnosis system and a PID control system.
The information acquisition equipment comprises first to tenth temperature sensors 36 to 45, a main combustion chamber remote pressure sensor 46, an auxiliary combustion chamber remote pressure sensor 47, a main combustion chamber field pressure gauge 48 and an auxiliary combustion chamber field pressure gauge 49.
The first to tenth temperature sensors 36 to 45 are respectively arranged on a drying area, a first combustion area, a second combustion area, a third combustion area, an auxiliary combustion chamber, a burnout area, a front pipeline and a rear pipeline of the heat exchanger and a front pipeline and a rear pipeline of the cooling tower of the main combustion chamber; the main combustion chamber remote pressure sensor 46 and the main combustion chamber field pressure gauge 48 are both arranged on the main combustion furnace 2; the auxiliary combustion chamber remote pressure sensor 47 and the auxiliary combustion chamber field pressure gauge 49 are both installed on the auxiliary combustion furnace 3. All of the above sensors are temperature resistant and corrosion resistant in order to prevent corrosion of medical waste in response to the high temperature environment of plasma torch combustion.
In addition to the above mentioned sensors and pressure gauges, counting devices are mounted on the waste conveyor 1 and the ash collector 9, respectively, for measuring the speed of the waste conveyor 1 and the weight of the ash collector 9. Data obtained by all the sensors, the measuring instruments and the counting device are uploaded to the PID control system in real time, on one hand, whether all indexes are qualified or not is monitored, safety is guaranteed, on the other hand, expected combustion power can be changed in the PID control system, and automatic adjustment is conducted on the system. And inputting the actual combustion power and the expected combustion power into a PID control system, and outputting the speed change of the garbage conveyor belt 1. If the monitored data is not abnormal, the control quantity is returned to the system, and before the control quantity is returned to the system, the computer is connected with the control device of the garbage conveyor belt 1, so that the speed of the garbage conveyor belt 1 can be automatically adjusted according to the instruction; if the system has a fault, the instruction for stopping the garbage conveyor belt 1 is immediately returned to the system for troubleshooting together.
The PID control system mainly aims at adjusting the speed of the transmission belt and the working power of the plasma gun according to the measurement conditions of various sensors, measuring instruments and counting devices and the system fault conditions judged by the fault diagnosis system. The PID control system adopts a classical PID controller which is most commonly used in the industry, and comprises a proportional unit, an integral unit and a differential unit which are respectively used for adjusting system errors, reducing stable errors and improving reaction speed. As shown in fig. 2, the PID control system is controlled as follows: after the device is manually started, the data monitoring and controlling system controls the connection pipe waste plasma cracking system, air is firstly introduced, no material is fed, the measured data of each sensor, each measuring instrument and each counting device are uploaded, whether the monitored data are abnormal or not is judged, and if the monitored data are abnormal, the plasma gun is closed and an alarm is given; if the data are normal, the waste plasma cracking system is normal, and at the moment, the garbage conveyor belt 1 is started and accelerated to a rated speed. And then, the PID control system calculates the speed adjustment amount of the garbage conveyor belt 1 according to the measured actual combustion power and the input required combustion power, outputs the speed adjustment amount to the conveyor belt control device, and adjusts the speed of the garbage conveyor belt 1. In the process, as shown in fig. 3, data of each sensor and each measuring instrument are uploaded in real time, fault diagnosis is performed by a fault diagnosis system, once an abnormality is found, feeding of a conveyor belt is stopped, a plasma gun is turned off, fault elimination is performed, the priority of the step is highest, and the operation of the device can be interrupted. The system may be restarted after the fault is cleared.
The fault diagnosis method of the fault diagnosis system adopts a data-based fault diagnosis method, and further adopts a fuzzy reasoning method in a symptom-based method to carry out fault diagnosis, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the domain of conditions X given for the fault diagnosis is set to { plasma gun life, measured value of the first temperature sensor 36, measured value of the second temperature sensor 37, measured value of the third temperature sensor 38, measured value of the fourth temperature sensor 39, measured value of the fifth temperature sensor 40, measured value of the sixth temperature sensor 41, measured value of the seventh temperature sensor 42, measured value of the eighth temperature sensor 43, measured value of the ninth temperature sensor 44, measured value of the tenth temperature sensor 45, measured value of the main combustion chamber remote pressure sensor 46, measured value of the auxiliary combustion chamber remote pressure sensor 47, measured value of the main combustion chamber on-site pressure gauge 48, measured value of the auxiliary combustion chamber on-site pressure gauge 49, measured value of combustion power, measured value of the ash collector 9 weight, measured value of the velocity of the refuse conveyor 1 }, according to the names of the sensors of the respective parts, and the safety requirements of the overall control system, and setting the conclusion discourse domain Y as { plasma gun scrap, feed inlet blockage, ash outlet blockage, air outlet valve blockage, exhaust pressure relief device fault, heat exchanger fault, cooling tower fault, device damage (main and auxiliary combustion chambers and connecting pipeline damage), and air inlet blockage }.
The more common method of fuzzy reasoning is the Zadeh reasoning model, and the main principle is described as follows:
If x is F THEN y is G
where F and G are fuzzy sets on the conditional domain X and conclusion domain Y. The confidence in the occurrence of X or Y is described. Described herein is a single input single output judgment rule, but plasma medical waste lysis systems are complex and require more accurate multiple input judgment. All the fuzzy reasoning is completed by specifying a reasoning rule in advance, and specifically, the following rules are specified in the invention:
Rule1：If 1)P11the lifetime of the plasma gun expires, an
2)P12Combustion power is reduced, an
3)P13The first/second/third/fourth/fifth temperature sensor measurement value decreases,
the first/second/third/fourth/fifth set of plasma guns is scrapped (a)1,b1)
Rule2：If 1)P21Without a decrease in combustion power, an
2)P22The measured value of the counting device of the ash collector varies slightly, an
3)P23The speed of the waste conveyor belt is not changed,
then ash outlet blockage (a)2,b2)
Rule3：If 1)P31Combustion power is reduced, an
2)P32The measured value of the counting device of the ash collector varies slightly, an
3)P33The plasma gun has not expired, an
4)P34The measured value of the on-site pressure gauge of the main combustion chamber is reduced,
then feed inlet is blocked (a)3,b3)
Rule4：If 1)P41The first temperature sensor measured value decreases, an
2)P42A decrease in the measurement value of the tenth temperature sensor, an
3)P43The eighth temperature sensor measurement value increases
Then heat exchanger damaged (a)4,b4)
Rule5：If 1)P51The sixth temperature sensor measurement has not changed, an
2)P52The ninth temperature sensor measures an increase, an
Then cooling tower failure (a)5,b5)
Rule6：If 1)P61The main chamber on-site pressure gauge measurements are greatly increased, and
2)P62the measurement value of the on-site pressure gauge of the auxiliary combustion chamber is greatly increased,
malfunction of the ten exhaust/pressure relief device (a)6,b6)
Rule7：If 1)P71Combustion power is reduced, an
2)P72The measured value of the remote pressure sensor of the main combustion chamber is decreased, an
3)P73The measured values of the temperature sensors on the main combustion chamber all decrease slightly, an
4)P34The measured value of the temperature sensor on the auxiliary combustion chamber is not changed,
breakdown of the principal combustion chamber of Then (a)7,b7)
Rule8：If 1)P81The combustion power decreases, and
2)P82The measured value of the remote pressure sensor of the auxiliary combustion chamber is decreased, an
3)P83The measured values of the temperature sensors on the auxiliary combustion chambers all decrease slightly, an
4)P84The measured value of the temperature sensor on the main combustion chamber is not changed,
breakdown of the auxiliary furnace chamber (a)8,b8)
Rule9：If 1)P91The main chamber on-site pressure gauge measurements are greatly increased, and
2)P92the measurement value of the on-site pressure gauge of the auxiliary combustion chamber is greatly reduced,
plugging of the outlet valve of the main combustion chamber (a9, b9)
Rule10：If 1)P101The main combustion chamber on-site pressure gauge measurement is unchanged, and
2)P102the measurement value of the on-site pressure gauge of the auxiliary combustion chamber is greatly increased,
plugging of the outlet valve of the main combustion chamber (a10, b10)
Wherein, PijWeight of j-th condition representing Rule i, aiRepresenting the trustworthiness of Rule i, biA threshold indicating whether Rule can be used. Only if the conditional confidence of Rule i is greater than biThen, this rule can be used; otherwise the rule is not usable, i.e. no failure as described by the rule occurs. Pij,ai,biThree sets of constant values are determined by an experienced person or by multiple experiments.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the Internet of things comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: starting a data monitoring control system;
step two: starting an air supplementing system and an air returning system;
step three: igniting five groups of plasma guns to realize the high-temperature environment in the main combustion furnace 2 and the auxiliary combustion furnace 3;
step four: and uploading the measurement data of each sensor, each measuring instrument and each counting device under the condition of no feeding, and performing startup fault detection. If no fault exists, implementing the step five; if the fault exists, implementing the step six;
step five: and starting the feeding system 1, monitoring real-time data and carrying out fault detection by combining a terminal instruction. If the fault exists, implementing a seventh step; if receiving the instruction of terminating the program, implementing step eight; otherwise, repeating the step five;
step six: and starting an alarm system, closing the five groups of plasma guns and eliminating faults. Restarting is needed, the third step is implemented, otherwise, the ninth step is implemented;
step seven: and starting an alarm system, stopping the material crushing machine and the garbage conveying belt 1, closing five groups of plasma guns, and removing faults. Restarting is needed, the third step is implemented, otherwise, the ninth step is implemented;
step eight: stopping the conveyor belt, and closing five groups of plasma guns; restarting is needed, the third step is implemented, otherwise, the ninth step is implemented;
step nine: closing the air supplementing system and the air returning system;
step ten: closing the data monitoring control system;
step eleven: the residual waste is stored in a closed way, and the whole system is disinfected.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste schizolysis system of observing and controling based on thing networking which characterized in that: the device comprises a horizontal plasma cracking system and a data monitoring control system which are connected by an information transmission device;
the horizontal plasma cracking system conveys medical wastes through a conveyor belt and treats the medical wastes; the data monitoring and controlling system is used for monitoring the data of each device in the plasma cracking process in real time and controlling the speed of the conveyor belt according to the monitoring data; a fault detection system is designed in the data monitoring and controlling system, and the fault of each device in the horizontal plasma cracking system is diagnosed in real time by adopting a fuzzy reasoning mode;
the horizontal plasma cracking system comprises a waste feeding system, a waste plasma combustion system, a tail gas treatment system, an air supplementing system and an air returning system;
the waste feeding system is used for crushing and conveying medical waste and comprises a crushing machine and a waste conveying belt; crushing the medical waste by a crusher and dropping the medical waste into the initial end of a waste conveyor belt;
the waste plasma combustion system consists of a horizontal main combustion furnace and a vertical auxiliary combustion furnace, and the main combustion furnace and the auxiliary combustion furnace are connected through a pipeline; the interior of the main combustion furnace is transversely divided into a drying zone, a first combustion zone, a second combustion zone and a third combustion zone in a sectional manner from the starting end to the tail end, and a first plasma gun group, a second plasma gun group, a third plasma gun group and a fourth plasma gun group are respectively arranged in the drying zone, the first combustion zone, the second combustion zone and the third combustion zone; the top of the main combustion furnace is provided with a safe pressure relief device; the auxiliary combustion furnace is internally provided with a fifth plasma gun group; the top of the auxiliary combustion furnace is provided with a safe pressure relief device; an ash collector is arranged below the tail end of the garbage conveyor belt and below an ash outlet at the bottom surface of a combustion zone at the bottom of the auxiliary combustion furnace;
the tail gas treatment system is used for purifying tail gas generated after medical waste cracking; the air supplementing system is used for introducing hot air to the main combustion furnace or introducing normal warm air to the auxiliary combustion furnace to assist high-temperature incineration; the air return system is used for returning the substandard tail gas to the tail gas treatment system;
the data monitoring control system comprises information acquisition equipment, a fault diagnosis system and a PID control system;
the information acquisition equipment comprises first to tenth temperature sensors, a main combustion chamber remote pressure sensor, an auxiliary combustion chamber remote pressure sensor, a main combustion chamber field pressure gauge and an auxiliary combustion chamber field pressure gauge;
the first to tenth temperature sensors are respectively arranged in a drying zone, a first combustion zone, a second combustion zone, a third combustion zone, an auxiliary combustion chamber, a burnout zone, a front pipeline and a rear pipeline of the heat exchanger and a front pipeline and a rear pipeline of the cooling tower of the main combustion chamber; the main combustion chamber remote pressure sensor and the main combustion chamber field pressure gauge are both arranged on the main combustion furnace; the auxiliary combustion chamber remote pressure sensor and the auxiliary combustion chamber field pressure gauge are both arranged on the auxiliary combustion furnace; meanwhile, counting devices are respectively arranged on the garbage conveyor belt and the ash collector; the data obtained by all the sensors, the measuring instruments and the counting devices are uploaded to a PID control system in real time, and the PID control system adjusts the speed of the transmission belt and the working power of the plasma gun according to the measuring conditions of all the sensors, the measuring instruments and the counting devices and the system fault conditions judged by the fault diagnosis system;
the fault diagnosis method of the fault diagnosis system comprises the following steps:
setting a given conditional domain X for fault diagnosis as { plasma gun service life, first temperature sensor measurement value, second temperature sensor measurement value, third temperature sensor measurement value, fourth temperature sensor measurement value, fifth temperature sensor measurement value, sixth temperature sensor measurement value, seventh temperature sensor measurement value, eighth temperature sensor measurement value, ninth temperature sensor measurement value, tenth temperature sensor measurement value, main combustion chamber remote pressure sensor measurement value, auxiliary combustion chamber remote pressure sensor measurement value, main combustion chamber site pressure gauge measurement value, auxiliary combustion chamber site pressure gauge measurement value, combustion power measurement value, ash collector weight measurement value, garbage conveyor belt speed measurement }, setting a conclusion domain Y as { plasma gun scrap, feed inlet blockage, ash outlet blockage, gas outlet valve blockage, exhaust pressure relief fault }, heat exchanger failure, cooling tower failure, device damage, air inlet blockage };
designing:
Rule1：If 1)P11the lifetime of the plasma gun expires, an
2)P12Combustion power is reduced, an
3)P13The first/second/third/fourth/fifth temperature sensor measurement value decreases,
the first/second/third/fourth/fifth set of plasma guns is scrapped (a)1,b1)
Rule2：If 1)P21Without a decrease in combustion power, an
2)P22The measured value of the counting device of the ash collector varies slightly, an
3)P23The speed of the waste conveyor belt is not changed,
then ash outlet blockage (a)2,b2)
Rule3：If 1)P31Combustion power is reduced, an
2)P32The measured value of the counting device of the ash collector varies slightly, an
3)P33The plasma gun has not expired, an
4)P34The measured value of the on-site pressure gauge of the main combustion chamber is reduced,
then feed inlet is blocked (a)3,b3)
Rule4：If 1)P41The first temperature sensor measured value decreases, an
2)P42A decrease in the measurement value of the tenth temperature sensor, an
3)P43The eighth temperature sensor measurement value increases
Then heat exchanger damaged (a)4,b4)
Rule5：If 1)P51The sixth temperature sensor measurement has not changed, an
2)P52The ninth temperature sensor measures an increase, an
Then cooling tower failure (a)5,b5)
Rule6：If 1)P61The main chamber on-site pressure gauge measurements are greatly increased, and
2)P62the measurement value of the on-site pressure gauge of the auxiliary combustion chamber is greatly increased,
malfunction of the ten exhaust/pressure relief device (a)6,b6)
Rule7：If 1)P71Combustion power is reduced, an
2)P72The measured value of the remote pressure sensor of the main combustion chamber is decreased, an
3)P73The measured values of the temperature sensors on the main combustion chamber all decrease slightly, an
4)P34The measured value of the temperature sensor on the auxiliary combustion chamber is not changed,
breakdown of the principal combustion chamber of Then (a)7,b7)
Rule8：If 1)P81Combustion power is reduced, an
2)P82The measured value of the remote pressure sensor of the auxiliary combustion chamber is decreased, an
3)P83The measured values of the temperature sensors on the auxiliary combustion chambers all decrease slightly, an
4)P84The measured value of the temperature sensor on the main combustion chamber is not changed,
breakdown of the auxiliary furnace chamber (a)8,b8)
Rule9：If 1)P91The main chamber on-site pressure gauge measurements are greatly increased, and
2)P92the measurement value of the on-site pressure gauge of the auxiliary combustion chamber is greatly reduced,
plugging of the outlet valve of the Then main combustion chamber (a)9,b9)
Rule10：If 1)P101The main combustion chamber on-site pressure gauge measurement is unchanged, and
2)P102the measurement value of the on-site pressure gauge of the auxiliary combustion chamber is greatly increased,
plugging of the outlet valve of the Then main combustion chamber (a)10,b10)
Wherein, PijWeight of j-th condition representing Rule i, aiRepresenting the trustworthiness of Rule i, biA threshold indicating whether Rule can be used; only if the conditional confidence of Rule i is greater than biThen, this rule can be used; pij,ai,biThree groups of constant values are determined by an experienced person or through multiple experiments;
the control method of the data monitoring control system comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: starting a data monitoring control system;
step two: starting an air supplementing system and an air returning system;
step three: igniting five groups of plasma guns to realize the high-temperature environment in the main combustion furnace and the auxiliary combustion furnace;
step four: uploading the measurement data of each sensor, each measuring instrument and each counting device under the condition of no feeding, and performing startup fault detection; if no fault exists, implementing the step five; if the fault exists, implementing the step six;
step five: starting the feeding system 1, monitoring real-time data and carrying out fault detection by combining a terminal instruction; if the fault exists, implementing a seventh step; if receiving the instruction of terminating the program, implementing step eight; otherwise, repeating the step five;
step six: starting an alarm system, closing five groups of plasma guns and eliminating faults; restarting is needed, the third step is implemented, otherwise, the ninth step is implemented;
step seven: starting an alarm system, stopping the material crushing machine and the garbage conveying belt 1, closing five groups of plasma guns, and eliminating faults; restarting is needed, the third step is implemented, otherwise, the ninth step is implemented;
step eight: stopping the conveyor belt, and closing five groups of plasma guns; restarting is needed, the third step is implemented, otherwise, the ninth step is implemented;
step nine: closing the air supplementing system and the air returning system;
step ten: closing the data monitoring control system;
step eleven: the residual waste is stored in a closed way, and the whole system is disinfected.
2. The horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein: two air supplementing fans are designed in the air supplementing system, and are mutually backed up and started simultaneously or independently.
3. The horizontal intelligent plasma medical waste cracking measurement and control system based on the internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific control method of the PID control system comprises the following steps:
after the horizontal plasma cracking system is manually started, the data monitoring and controlling system controls the take-over waste plasma cracking system, air is firstly introduced, no material is fed, the measured data of each sensor, a measuring instrument and a counting device are uploaded, whether the monitored data are abnormal or not is judged, and if the monitored data are abnormal, the plasma gun is closed and an alarm is given; if the data are normal, the waste plasma cracking system is normal, and at the moment, the garbage conveyor belt is started and the speed is increased to the rated speed; then, the PID control system calculates the speed adjustment quantity of the garbage conveyor belt 1 according to the measured actual combustion power and the input required combustion power, outputs the speed adjustment quantity to the conveyor belt control device and adjusts the speed of the garbage conveyor belt; in the process, data of each sensor and each measuring instrument are uploaded in real time, fault diagnosis is carried out by the fault diagnosis system, once abnormity is found, feeding of the conveyor belt is stopped, the plasma gun is closed, fault removal is carried out, the priority of the step is highest, and operation of the device can be interrupted; the system may be restarted after the fault is cleared.
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