CN112029980A - Water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for casting grinding ball production - Google Patents

Water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for casting grinding ball production Download PDF

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CN112029980A
CN112029980A CN202010908719.0A CN202010908719A CN112029980A CN 112029980 A CN112029980 A CN 112029980A CN 202010908719 A CN202010908719 A CN 202010908719A CN 112029980 A CN112029980 A CN 112029980A
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water
cooling
air
temperature
heat treatment
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陈全心
姚永茂
陈灿光
周峰
桂劲松
程琦
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Ningguo Huafeng Wear Resistant Material Co ltd
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Ningguo Huafeng Wear Resistant Material Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-air alternate quenching heat treatment process for casting grinding ball production, which relates to the technical field of casting grinding ball heat treatment, and adopts water-air alternate cycle quenching heat treatment, wherein the water-air alternate cycle number is n, and n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5; the water temperature of the first water cooling of the cast grinding ball in the water-air alternate circulation quenching heat treatment is T1，350℃≤T1Less than or equal to 500 ℃; the water outlet temperature of the nth water cooling is Tn，150℃≤Tn≤250℃；T1>…>Tn‑1>Tn(ii) a Air cooling is carried out after each water cooling, and the total air cooling time is tGeneral assemblyLess than or equal to 360 s. The invention uses water and air as quenching cooling medium, and uses water-air alternationThe cast iron grinding ball is subjected to heat treatment in a quenching and cooling mode, and the temperature and time of each water cooling and air cooling are strictly limited, so that the cast iron grinding ball obtains an ideal cooling curve, and thus an ideal structure and product performance are obtained. The method effectively avoids water quenching cracking of the grinding balls. The process is safe and environment-friendly, has low cost and good popularization and application values.

Description

Water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for casting grinding ball production
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of cast grinding balls, in particular to a water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for cast grinding ball production.
Background
At present, cast grinding balls required to be quenched in China are mainly divided into two types, namely high-chromium white cast iron grinding balls and austenitic ductile iron grinding balls. The high-chromium cast iron grinding ball is mainly quenched by adopting an oil medium, on one hand, oil vapor and oil slag are generated in the oil quenching process, and environmental pollution is caused; on the other hand, a layer of oil is adhered to the surface of the workpiece after quenching, and the workpiece is continuously combusted in the tempering process to generate oil smoke, so that an oil smoke purification device is required to be additionally arranged on the heat treatment production line. In addition, the oil pool has the potential risk of fire, and improper operation easily causes fire. The austempering ductile iron grinding ball heat treatment can adopt oil quenching or salt bath austempering, but salt bath austempering equipment is complex, salt steam emitted by sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate at high temperature has strong corrosivity and can cause adverse effects on the environment, and a quenched workpiece needs to be washed by water, so that water treatment equipment needs to be equipped. The purchase cost of equipment and the production cost are high, and the production of the cast iron grinding ball with low added value is not competitive.
Because oil quenching media, organic quenching media and inorganic quenching media all have negative effects on the environment, people hope to develop a quenching cooling process taking water as a medium, and the premise of popularization of the water quenching process is to solve the problem of water quenching cracking.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for producing cast grinding balls, which enables cast iron grinding balls to obtain an ideal cooling curve by strictly limiting the temperature and time of water cooling and air cooling each time, thereby obtaining ideal tissues and product performance and effectively avoiding water quenching cracking of the grinding balls.
The invention provides a water-air alternate quenching heat treatment process for casting grinding ball production, which adopts water-air alternate cycle quenching heat treatment, wherein the water-air alternate cycle number is n, and n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5;
the water temperature of the first water cooling of the cast grinding ball in the water-air alternate circulation quenching heat treatment is T1，350℃≤T1Less than or equal to 500 ℃; the water outlet temperature of the nth water cooling is Tn，150℃≤Tn≤250℃；T1>…>Tn-1>Tn；
Air cooling is carried out after each water cooling, and the total air cooling time is tGeneral assembly≤360s。
Preferably, the water outlet temperature T of the first water cooling is1350 ℃ plus 500 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the second water cooling2At 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ T1>T2(ii) a And air cooling for 60-120s after each water cooling.
Preferably, the water outlet temperature T of the first water cooling is1350 ℃ plus 500 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the second water cooling2At the temperature of 250-3At 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ T1>T2>T3(ii) a And air cooling for 60-120s after each water cooling.
Preferably, the water outlet temperature T of the first water cooling is1350 ℃ plus 500 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the second water cooling2At the temperature of 350 ℃ below zero and the water outlet temperature T of the third water cooling3At the temperature of 250 ℃ and 300 ℃, and the water outlet temperature T of the fourth water cooling4At 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ T1>T2>T3>T4(ii) a And air cooling for 60-120s after each water cooling.
Preferably, the water outlet temperature T of the first water cooling is1350 ℃ plus 500 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the second water cooling2At the temperature of 350 ℃ below zero and the water outlet temperature T of the third water cooling3At the temperature of 260 ℃ and 300 ℃, and the fourth water coolingTemperature T of water4230 ℃ and 260 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the fifth water cooling5At 150 ℃ and 230 ℃ T1>T2>T3>T4>T5(ii) a And air cooling for 60-120s after each water cooling.
Preferably, the cast iron grinding ball is a high-chromium cast iron grinding ball or ausferrite ductile iron.
Preferably, the diameter of the cast iron grinding ball is less than or equal to 100 mm.
Preferably, the push rod type heat treatment furnace is adopted for carrying out water-air alternate cycle quenching heat treatment, and the quenching heat treatment is carried out.
In the invention, quenching is a heat treatment process method which heats a casting to be above a critical temperature at a proper speed, keeps the temperature for a period of time to carry out complete austenitizing, and then carries out cooling at a cooling speed higher than the critical cooling speed to avoid a pearlite transformation region, thereby obtaining a non-equilibrium structure mainly comprising martensite or bainite. The cooling process is mainly divided into two time periods, namely a high-temperature region, the cooling speed is as fast as possible, and a pearlite transformation region is completely avoided; secondly, in the low-temperature area, the speed of the cooling area is proper, and not only a non-equilibrium structure with fine grains is obtained, but also the casting cannot crack due to the overlarge cooling speed. Therefore, the invention realizes the water-air alternate cycle quenching heat treatment by improving the control program of the quenching cradle and the quenching medium so as to meet the requirements of different products and obtain the optimal cooling curve.
Has the advantages that: the invention uses water and air as quenching cooling medium, uses water-air alternative quenching cooling mode to heat treat cast iron grinding ball, and strictly limits the temperature and time of each water cooling and air cooling, so that the cast iron grinding ball can obtain ideal cooling curve, thereby obtaining ideal structure and product performance. Firstly, the water cooling temperature of the first effluent of the grinding ball is limited to 350-500 ℃, so that the surface layer and the core part of the grinding ball are quickly cooled to be below the pearlite transformation temperature to avoid the pearlite transformation, and then the temperature is equalized by air cooling, so that the temperature of the grinding ball is uniform. Simultaneously, redistributing carbon in austenite to control the quantity of residual austenite; and repeating water-air alternate quenching and cooling, and limiting the water outlet temperature of the last water cooling to be 150-. And carrying out isothermal treatment after repeated circulating quenching until the temperature of the center of the grinding ball meets the requirement. The method effectively avoids water quenching cracking of the grinding balls. The process is safe and environment-friendly, has low cost and good popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of a cast grinding ball of 400 times on the surface in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of a casting grinding ball core portion multiplied by 400 in example 1 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The cast iron grinding ball comprises the following element components in percentage by weight:
element(s) C Si Mn Cr P S Fe
CADI-120 3.64 2.42 2.23 0.34 0.025 0.018 Balance of
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 4h for austenitizing, then performing water-air alternative quenching heat treatment at the water temperature of 26-29 ℃, performing primary quenching: quenching for 30s, wherein the effluent temperature is 420 ℃, and secondary quenching: quenching for 20s, wherein the effluent temperature is 270 ℃, and quenching for three times: quenching for 20s, and then carrying out isothermal treatment for 3h at 220 ℃ after the water outlet temperature is 190 ℃.
The metallographic structure of the cast iron grinding ball of example 1 was characterized, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, and it can be seen from the figures that the surface and the core of the grinding ball are acicular ferrite, retained austenite, carbide and spheroidal graphite, and meet the structural requirements of CADI.
The mechanical properties of the cast iron grinding balls of example 1 were measured and the results were as follows:
Figure BDA0002662477560000041
comparative wear analysis of the cast iron grinding balls of example 1 using MLD-10 with oil quenched CADI-120 as a comparison was as follows:
Figure BDA0002662477560000042
example 2
The cast iron grinding ball comprises the following element components in percentage by weight:
element(s) C Si Mn Cr P S Fe
CADI-100 3.54 2.52 2.23 0.38 0.025 0.018 Balance of
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 890 ℃ for 4h for austenitizing, then adopting water-air alternative quenching heat treatment with the water temperature of 26-29 ℃, carrying out primary quenching: quenching for 30s, wherein the effluent temperature is 380 ℃, and secondary quenching: quenching for 10s, wherein the effluent temperature is 270 ℃, and quenching for three times: quenching for 10s, and then carrying out isothermal treatment for 3h at 220 ℃ after the water outlet temperature is 220 ℃.
The mechanical properties of the cast iron grinding balls of example 2 were measured and the results were as follows:
Figure BDA0002662477560000051
comparative wear analysis of the cast iron grinding balls of example 2 using MLD-10 with oil quenched CADI-120 as a comparison was as follows:
Figure BDA0002662477560000052
example 3
The cast iron grinding ball comprises the following element components in percentage by weight:
element(s) C Si Mn Cr P S Fe
CADI-150 3.54 2.45 2.06 0.34 0.025 0.018 Balance of
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 5h for austenitizing, then performing water-air alternative quenching heat treatment at the water temperature of 26-29 ℃, performing primary quenching: quenching for 40s, wherein the effluent temperature is 480 ℃, and secondary quenching: quenching for 20s, wherein the effluent temperature is 370 ℃, and quenching for three times: quenching for 20s, wherein the effluent temperature is 260 ℃, and quenching for four times: quenching for 15s, and then carrying out isothermal treatment for 4h at 230 ℃ after the water outlet temperature is 220 ℃.
The mechanical properties of the cast iron grinding balls of example 3 were measured and the results were as follows:
Figure BDA0002662477560000061
example 4
The cast iron grinding ball comprises the following element components in percentage by weight:
element(s) C Si Mn Cr P S Fe
CADI-80 3.74 2.56 2.36 0.35 0.025 0.018 Balance of
The heat treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 890 ℃ for 4h for austenitizing, then adopting water-air alternative quenching heat treatment with the water temperature of 26-29 ℃, carrying out primary quenching: quenching for 20s, wherein the effluent temperature is 380 ℃, and secondary quenching: quenching for 20s, and then carrying out isothermal treatment for 3h at 220 ℃ and the outlet water temperature of 210 ℃.
The mechanical properties of the cast iron grinding balls of example 4 were measured and the results were as follows:
Figure BDA0002662477560000062
the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A water-air alternate quenching heat treatment process for casting grinding ball production is characterized in that water-air alternate cycle quenching heat treatment is adopted, the water-air alternate cycle number is n, n is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5;
the water temperature of the first water cooling of the cast grinding ball in the water-air alternate circulation quenching heat treatment is T1，350℃≤T1Less than or equal to 500 ℃; the water outlet temperature of the nth water cooling is Tn，150℃≤Tn≤250℃；T1>…>Tn-1>Tn；
Air cooling is carried out after each water cooling, and the total air cooling time is tGeneral assembly≤360s。
2. The water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for producing casting grinding balls according to claim 1, characterized in that the first water cooling outlet water temperature T1350 ℃ plus 500 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the second water cooling2At 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ T1>T2(ii) a And air cooling for 60-120s after each water cooling.
3. The water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for producing casting grinding balls according to claim 1, characterized in that the first water cooling outlet water temperature T1350 ℃ plus 500 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the second water cooling2At the temperature of 250-3At 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ T1>T2>T3(ii) a And air cooling for 60-120s after each water cooling.
4. The water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for producing casting grinding balls according to claim 1, characterized in that the first water cooling outlet water temperature T1350 ℃ plus 500 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the second water cooling2At the temperature of 350 ℃ below zero and the water outlet temperature T of the third water cooling3At the temperature of 250 ℃ and 300 ℃, and the water outlet temperature T of the fourth water cooling4At 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ T1>T2>T3>T4(ii) a And air cooling for 60-120s after each water cooling.
5. The water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for producing casting grinding balls according to claim 1, characterized in that the first water cooling outlet water temperature T1350 ℃ plus 500 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the second water cooling2At the temperature of 350 ℃ below zero and the water outlet temperature T of the third water cooling3At the temperature of 260 ℃ to 300 ℃, and the water outlet temperature T of the fourth water cooling4230 ℃ and 260 ℃, and the outlet water temperature T of the fifth water cooling5At 150 ℃ and 230 ℃ T1>T2>T3>T4>T5(ii) a And air cooling for 60-120s after each water cooling.
6. The water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for producing casting grinding balls according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cast iron grinding balls are high-chromium cast iron grinding balls or ausferrite ductile irons.
7. The water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for cast grinding ball production according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the diameter of the cast iron grinding ball is less than or equal to 100 mm.
8. The water-air alternate quenching heat treatment process for producing casting grinding balls according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the water-air alternate cycle quenching heat treatment is carried out by using a pusher-type heat treatment furnace by improving the control program of a quenching cradle and a quenching medium.
CN202010908719.0A 2020-09-02 2020-09-02 Water-air alternative quenching heat treatment process for casting grinding ball production Pending CN112029980A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113755687A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-12-07 宁国市华丰耐磨材料有限公司 Quenching heat treatment process for grinding ball production
RU2785665C1 (en) * 2022-02-09 2022-12-12 Акционерное общество "ЕВРАЗ Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат" (АО "ЕВРАЗ НТМК") Method for the production of grinding balls from steel

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110423865A (en) * 2019-08-23 2019-11-08 宁国市华丰耐磨材料有限公司 A kind of heat treatment method of Austria's iron body ductile iron abrading-ball

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110423865A (en) * 2019-08-23 2019-11-08 宁国市华丰耐磨材料有限公司 A kind of heat treatment method of Austria's iron body ductile iron abrading-ball

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113755687A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-12-07 宁国市华丰耐磨材料有限公司 Quenching heat treatment process for grinding ball production
CN113755687B (en) * 2021-07-20 2024-02-02 宁国市华丰耐磨材料有限公司 Quenching heat treatment process for grinding ball production
RU2785665C1 (en) * 2022-02-09 2022-12-12 Акционерное общество "ЕВРАЗ Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат" (АО "ЕВРАЗ НТМК") Method for the production of grinding balls from steel
RU2791495C1 (en) * 2022-08-02 2023-03-09 Акционерное общество "ЕВРАЗ Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат" (АО "ЕВРАЗ НТМК") Method for manufacturing grinding balls from steel (embodiments)

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Application publication date: 20201204