CN112029185A - 一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN112029185A
CN112029185A CN202010910778.1A CN202010910778A CN112029185A CN 112029185 A CN112029185 A CN 112029185A CN 202010910778 A CN202010910778 A CN 202010910778A CN 112029185 A CN112029185 A CN 112029185A
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geomembrane
fiber
ethylene
vinyl acetate
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CN112029185B (zh
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王涛
贾恒琼
杜存山
张恒
祝和权
李海燕
吴韶亮
魏曌
王玮
杜玮
伊钟毓
南阳
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China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
Railway Engineering Research Institute of CARS
Beijing Teletron Telecom Engineering Co Ltd
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Railway Engineering Research Institute of CARS
Beijing Teletron Telecom Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜，所述土工膜包括基材层和非织造纤维布层，其中以重量份数计，所述基材层包括如下成分：线性低密度聚乙烯15‑22份，高密度聚乙烯10‑25份，EVA共聚改性聚乙烯10‑18份，乙烯‑乙酸乙烯共聚物15‑20份，茂金属聚乙烯15‑20，石墨烯0.1‑0.5份，聚烯烃弹性体15‑20份，芳纶纤维0.1‑0.8份，聚酯纤维0.1‑1.2份，热塑性聚酰胺弹性体0.5‑3.5份，偶联剂0.5‑5份，紫外线吸收剂0.01‑3份，抗氧剂0.5‑1.5份，碳纤维0.05‑0.5份。

Description

一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜及其制备方法和用途
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域，尤其涉及一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
土工膜有一布一膜和两布一膜两种形式，具有抗拉、抗撕裂、顶破等物理力学性能指标高，产品具有强度高，延伸性能较好，变形模量大，耐酸碱、抗腐蚀，耐老化，防渗性能好等特点，适用于水利、市政、建筑、交通，地铁、隧道、铁路工程建设中涉及的防渗、隔离、补强、防裂加固、防护等需要，广泛用于堤坝、排水沟渠的防渗处理，以及废料场的防污处理。
申请号为201210250982.0的中国专利申请提供了一种HDPE土工膜及其加工工艺，其采用：将高密度聚乙烯树脂作为土工膜主料，添加助剂，进行搅拌，并将其注入无纺布和土工膜之间，再将上述复合好防渗层烘干、压膜处理成型。将无纺布、土工膜的生产，以及两者的粘合一次性热复合成膜，降低对无纺布、土工膜的损耗，提高了防渗土工膜的防渗能力、化学稳定性、耐老化能力、抗刺穿能力等，但其抗低温性能不够。
申请号为CN2019101514753的专利提供了一种HDPE土工膜及其加工工艺，其采用多层压合的方法得到HDPE土工膜，其中的基层吸水后体积发生膨胀，膨胀后有吸水层上开设的若干通孔内凸出，形成若干与施工坡面形成凸出的触点，提高了与施工坡面的附着力，解决了土工膜在坡面上施工后不易固定易滑动的问题。但其压合采用干法压合，解决不了吸水后容易分层的缺陷。
公告号为CN206663903U的中国专利提供了一种沥青-土工膜复合防渗材料，其采用在无纺土工布层上方铺设第一高密度聚乙烯土工膜，第一高密度聚乙烯土工膜的上方铺设有第一玻璃纤维网格布，第一玻璃纤维网格布上方铺设有第二高密度聚乙烯土工膜，第二高密度聚乙烯土工膜上方铺设有第二玻璃纤维网格布，第二玻璃纤维网格布上方铺设有SBS改性沥青层的层状结构，使用时，无纺土工布层与第一高密度聚乙烯土工膜加热后冷压复合为一体，第一玻璃纤维网格布作为该防渗材料加强筋；在第二高密度聚乙烯土工膜表面粘结第二玻璃纤维网格布，再复合一层SBS改性沥青层；多层结构得到了较好的防渗效果和较强的且结构强度，但是，多层复合得到的产品受限于层状结构，使用时层与层之间极易开裂，且各层材料耐候性差，特别是耐低温性能，应用范围大大受限。
综上所述，现有的复合土工膜具有以下缺陷：(1)耐刺穿和防渗性能不能同时得到提高；(2)耐环境应力开裂性能差、抗低温脆性欠佳；(3)使用寿命短。
目前随着综合国力的增强，我国铁路、公路、地铁以及市政工程建设标准要求逐渐提升，对土工膜材料的性能指标也提出了更高要求，同时，特殊环境和特殊要求的工程也逐渐增多，对土工膜的强度和耐刺穿性能提出了更高要求。因此，有必要针对现有HDPE土工膜具有吸水后易分层、抗低温脆性欠佳等不足，提供一种具有高强度、防裂防护、耐刺穿和耐久性更好，施工更方便的土工膜。
发明内容
针对以上问题，本发明的目的是提供一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜及其制备方法和用途。本发明提供的土工膜强度高，不易刺穿，耐硌破耐碾压，防水性能优异，耐久性好，韧性好，方便铺设，有效解决了现有土工膜不耐硌破易刺穿而渗漏水的问题。
用于实现上述目的的技术方案如下：
一方面，本发明提供一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜，所述土工膜包括基材层和非织造纤维布层，其中以重量份数计，所述基材层包括如下成分：
线性低密度聚乙烯15-22份，高密度聚乙烯10-25份，EVA共聚改性聚乙烯10-18份，乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物15-20份，茂金属聚乙烯15-20份，石墨烯0.1-0.5份，聚烯烃弹性体15-20份，芳纶纤维0.1-0.8份，聚酯纤维0.1-1.2份，热塑性聚酰胺弹性体0.5-3.5份，偶联剂0.5-5份，紫外线吸收剂0.01-3份，抗氧剂0.5-1.5份，碳纤维0.05-0.5份。
在本发明提供的土工膜的基材层中，优选地，所述芳纶纤维为聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺；
优选地，所述聚酯纤维为涤纶；
优选地，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂，进一步优选地为乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷；
优选地，所述紫外线吸收剂为酚基取代的苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂；
优选地，所述抗氧剂选自四季戊四醇酯、受阻酚类抗氧剂和受阻胺类抗氧剂中的一种或多种；
优选地，所述碳纤维为氟化碳纤维。
在本发明提供的土工膜的基材层中，优选地，以重量份数计，所述基材层包括如下成分：线性低密度聚乙烯16-19份，高密度聚乙烯11-15份，EVA共聚改性聚乙烯12-18份，乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物15-18份，茂金属聚乙烯16-20份，石墨烯0.3-0.5份，聚烯烃弹性体16-20份，芳纶纤维0.3-0.8份，聚酯纤维0.3-0.8份，热塑性聚酰胺弹性体0.8-3.5份，偶联剂0.7-5份，紫外线吸收剂0.1-0.5份，抗氧剂0.6-1.5份，碳纤维0.2-0.5份。
更优选地，以重量份数计，所述基材层包括如下成分：线性低密度聚乙烯18份，高密度聚乙烯13份，EVA共聚改性聚乙烯13份，乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物17份，茂金属聚乙烯16份，石墨烯0.3份，聚烯烃弹性体18.8份，芳纶纤维0.45份，聚酯纤维0.45份，热塑性聚酰胺弹性体0.8份，偶联剂0.8份，紫外线吸收剂0.5份，抗氧剂0.6份，碳纤维0.3份。
在本发明提供的土工膜中，所述非织造纤维布为聚丙烯纤维无纺布或聚酯纤维无纺布。
在本发明提供的土工膜中，所述土工膜为“一布一膜”或“两布一膜”的结构形式。
在本发明的具体实施方案中，线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)购自上海超旋化工科技有限公司，牌号为MB9500；
在本发明的另一具体实施方案中，高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)购自上海奕琪塑化有限公司，牌号为HTA-016，生产厂家为沙特埃克森美孚；
在本发明的再一具体实施方案中，EVA共聚改性聚乙烯购自江苏和进工程材料有限公司，型号为HEP-HJ18；
在本发明的又一具体实施方案中，乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)购自广州信诺新材料科技有限公司，牌号为33-400，生产厂家为法国阿科玛；
在本发明的另一具体实施方案中，茂金属聚乙烯(MPE)购自东莞市嘉嘉塑胶原料有限公司，牌号为2010MA，生产厂家为沙特埃克森美孚；
在本发明的再一具体实施方案中，石墨烯购自河南六工石墨有限公司，牌号为lgsm，规格为1000目；
在本发明的又一具体实施方案中，聚烯烃弹性体(POE)为本领域常用聚烯烃弹性体，比如可以为美国杜邦POE8200；
在本发明的另一具体实施方案中，芳纶纤维购自杜邦芳纶凯夫拉(Kevlar)浆粕，规格为1F538，纤维长度为1.17mm；
在本发明的再一具体实施方案中，聚酯纤维购自日本帝人株式会社(TEIJINLIMITED)，型号为聚酯纳米纤维“NANOFRONT”，纤维直径为700nm；
在本发明的又一具体实施方案中，热塑性聚酰胺弹性体(TPAE)购自法国阿科玛，PA-12增韧尼龙弹性体，牌号为3533SP01；
在本发明的另一具体实施方案中，偶联剂购自南京曙光化工集团有限公司，型号为SG-Si172；
在本发明的再一具体实施方案中，紫外线吸收剂为由美国埃克森美孚生产的紫外线吸收剂1018HA或由宜兴天使合成化学有限公司生产的紫外线吸收剂UV-326；
在本发明的又一具体实施方案中，抗氧剂为由宜兴天使合成化学有限公司生产的抗氧剂1010；
在本发明的另一具体实施方案中，碳纤维购自山东重山光电材料股份有限公司，纯度：≥99％。碳纤维氟化后，与塑料基体亲和性好，结合紧密。
在本发明的一些具体实施方案中，聚丙烯纤维无纺布为购自泰安路德工程材料有限公司的聚丙烯土工布，规格300克；在另一些实施方案中，聚酯纤维无纺布为购自山东路易达新材料有限公司的聚酯长丝土工布，规格450克。在本发明中，非织造纤维布层可防止土工膜安装定位时滑移，起到缓冲、增加摩擦的作用。
另一方面，本发明还提供上述土工膜的制备方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(a)将称量好的乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物、石墨烯、聚烯烃弹性体、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维、热塑性聚酰胺弹性体、偶联剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂、碳纤维倒入密炼混合机内于110℃±5℃下共混、密炼15min，然后将共混料挤出制粒，颗粒尺寸
Figure BDA0002663175790000051
得共混颗粒；
(b)将称量好的线性低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、EVA共聚改性聚乙烯、茂金属聚乙烯和步骤(a)制备得到的共混颗粒经旋转提升进入双螺杆挤出机，挤出模头后压延成型即得土工膜的基材层；
(c)将非织造纤维布作为底层平铺于工作台面上，再放置步骤(b)制备的基材层，通过普通超声波压合技术将所述基材层和非织造纤维布压实、复合，即得本发明的土工膜。
任选地，步骤(c)还可以如下进行：
将非织造纤维布作为底层平铺于工作台面上，再放置步骤(b)制备的基材层，在基材层上再放置一层非织造纤维布，然后通过普通超声波压合技术将所述基材层和非织造纤维布压实、复合，即得本发明的土工膜。
又一方面，本发明提供所述土工膜在建筑物基坑、垃圾填埋场、隧道、桥面和屋面等领域的防水、防渗以及植物耐根穿刺中的用途。
本发明说明书中所述的“重量份”，表示的是各组分间的重量配比关系；根据实际情况，1重量份可以是1g，100g，1kg等。
本发明的土工膜基材层主要采用了芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维和碳纤维来优化塑料基土工膜的自身耐刺穿性能，特别是三种纤维复合使用，极好地增加了土工膜基材层的耐撕裂强度、低温弯折性、刺破强度、钉杆撕裂强度等性能，进一步增强了土工膜基材层的抗刺穿性能。本发明的土工膜的基材层中还引入了石墨烯，利用其与碳纤维易发热和导热功能，从而提升土工膜基材层的易焊性；易铺设密贴、耐刺穿和易焊接的综合特点，能一定程度适应野蛮施工条件下防水防渗效果。在本发明的一些实施方案中，所述碳纤维采用氟化碳纤维，其可容易地与所用基体材料融合，且分散均匀。
此外，本发明提供的土工膜在基材层中原料中使用EVA、MPE、HEP、POE、TPAE等材料，提供并确保了土工膜基材层的力学与柔性兼顾，便于工厂收卷、现场密贴铺设和焊接等施工。
最后，本发明的土工膜中，非织造纤维布层和基材层是通过超声波压合技术复合的，大幅提升了土工膜不同层间吸水后粘接力的稳定，拓展了土工膜不同使用工况的适应性。
具体实施方式
以下参照具体的实施例来说明本发明。本领域技术人员能够理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明，其不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的原料、试剂材料等，如无特殊说明，均为市售购买产品。
实施例1一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜
一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜，以“两布一膜”的高强度耐刺穿土工膜为例，其原料组成见表1，通过如下方法制备：
(a)将按照表1所示称量好的乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物、石墨烯、聚烯烃弹性体、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维、热塑性聚酰胺弹性体、偶联剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂、碳纤维倒入密炼混合机内于110℃±5℃下共混、密炼15min，然后将共混料挤出制粒，颗粒尺寸
Figure BDA0002663175790000061
得共混颗粒；
(b)将按照表1所示称量好的线性低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、EVA共聚改性聚乙烯、茂金属聚乙烯和步骤(a)制备得到的共混颗粒经旋转提升进入双螺杆挤出机，挤出模头后压延成型即得土工膜的基材层；
(c)将非织造纤维布作为底层平铺于工作台面上，再放置步骤(b)制备的基材层，在基材层上再放置一层非织造纤维布，通过普通超声波压合技术压实、复合，即得到本发明的一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜(厚度为3mm)。
表1：土工膜样品1-6和对比样品1-5的基材层采用的原料组成
Figure BDA0002663175790000071
Figure BDA0002663175790000081
实施例2：性能测试
对实施例1制备得到的土工膜样品1-6和对比样品1-5进行拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、撕裂强度、低温弯折性、刺破强度、钉杆撕裂强度、高强度耐刺穿的土工膜不吸水时、吸水2倍后和吸水5倍后基材层与非织造纤维布层间的粘接力的测定，其中，
拉伸强度、扯断伸长率按GB/T 528进行测定；
撕裂强度按GB/T 529中无割口直角型试样进行测定；
低温弯折性按GB 18173.1-2012中附录B的规定进行测定；
刺破强度按TB/T3360.1-2014中5.3.10的规定进行；
钉杆撕裂强度按GB/T328.18的规定进行；
高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜(厚度为3mm)中不吸水时、吸水2倍后和吸水5倍后基材层与非织造纤维布层间的粘接力测定，采用弹簧拉力计测量，试样尺寸为10cm×1cm×3mm。测定结果见表2。
表2：性能测定结果
Figure BDA0002663175790000082
Figure BDA0002663175790000091
从上表可以看出，本发明提供的的土工膜的拉伸强度≥28MPa、扯断伸长率≥880％撕裂强度≥195kN/m、低温弯折性≤-65℃、刺破强度≥1200N、钉杆撕裂强度≥1800N；各层之间结合力强，吸水后不分层，吸水5倍后基材层与非织造纤维布层间达3550N以上，相比现有土工膜，本发明的土工膜的相关性能得到大幅提升，耐施工机械碾压和冲击性能提升，可用于防渗水、涂层耐磨耐冲击防护等领域。
总之，以上对本发明具体实施方式的描述并不限制本发明，本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变或变形，只要不脱离本发明的精神，均应属于本发明所附权利要求的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种高强度且耐刺穿的土工膜，所述土工膜包括基材层和非织造纤维布层，其中以重量份数计，所述基材层包括如下成分：
线性低密度聚乙烯15-22份，高密度聚乙烯10-25份，EVA共聚改性聚乙烯10-18份，乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物15-20份，茂金属聚乙烯15-20，石墨烯0.1-0.5份，聚烯烃弹性体15-20份，芳纶纤维0.1-0.8份，聚酯纤维0.1-1.2份，热塑性聚酰胺弹性体0.5-3.5份，偶联剂0.5-5份，紫外线吸收剂0.01-3份，抗氧剂0.5-1.5份，碳纤维0.05-0.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的土工膜，其中，所述芳纶纤维为聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺；
优选地，所述聚酯纤维为涤纶；
优选地，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂，进一步优选地为乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷；
优选地，所述紫外线吸收剂为酚基取代的苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂；
优选地，所述抗氧剂选自四季戊四醇酯、受阻酚类抗氧剂和受阻胺类抗氧剂中的一种或多种；
优选地，所述碳纤维为氟化碳纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的土工膜，其中，以重量份数计，所述基材层包括如下成分：线性低密度聚乙烯16-19份，高密度聚乙烯11-15份，EVA共聚改性聚乙烯12-18份，乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物15-18份，茂金属聚乙烯16-20份，石墨烯0.3-0.5份，聚烯烃弹性体16-20份，芳纶纤维0.3-0.8份，聚酯纤维0.3-0.8份，热塑性聚酰胺弹性体0.8-3.5份，偶联剂0.7-5份，紫外线吸收剂0.1-0.5份，抗氧剂0.6-1.5份，碳纤维0.2-0.5份。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的土工膜，其中，以重量份数计，所述基材层包括如下成分：线性低密度聚乙烯18份，高密度聚乙烯13份，EVA共聚改性聚乙烯13份，乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物17份，茂金属聚乙烯16份，石墨烯0.3份，聚烯烃弹性体18.8份，芳纶纤维0.45份，聚酯纤维0.45份，热塑性聚酰胺弹性体0.8份，偶联剂0.8份，紫外线吸收剂0.5份，抗氧剂0.6份，碳纤维0.3份。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的土工膜，其中，所述非织造纤维布为聚丙烯纤维无纺布或聚酯纤维无纺布。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的土工膜，其中，所述土工膜为“一布一膜”或“两布一膜”的结构形式。
7.一种制备根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的土工膜的方法，其中，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(a)将称量好的乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物、石墨烯、聚烯烃弹性体、芳纶纤维、聚酯纤维、热塑性聚酰胺弹性体、偶联剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂、碳纤维倒入密炼混合机内于110℃±5℃下共混、密炼15min，然后将共混料挤出制粒，颗粒尺寸
Figure FDA0002663175780000021
得共混颗粒；
(b)将称量好的线性低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、EVA共聚改性聚乙烯、茂金属聚乙烯和步骤(a)制备得到的共混颗粒经旋转提升进入双螺杆挤出机，挤出模头后压延成型即得土工膜的基材层；
(c)将非织造纤维布作为底层平铺于工作台面上，再放置步骤(b)制备的基材层，通过普通超声波压合技术将所述基材层和非织造纤维布压实、复合，即得本发明的土工膜。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，步骤(c)还可以如下进行：
将非织造纤维布作为底层平铺于工作台面上，再放置步骤(b)制备的基材层，在基材层上再放置一层非织造纤维布，然后通过普通超声波压合技术将所述基材层和非织造纤维布压实、复合，即得本发明的土工膜。
9.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的土工膜在建筑物基坑、垃圾填埋场、隧道、桥面和屋面等领域的防水、防渗以及植物耐根穿刺中的用途。
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CN112663346A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-16 南通市交通建设工程有限公司 一种高强型应力吸收膜材料及其制备方法
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CN114773712A (zh) * 2022-05-24 2022-07-22 三杰节能新材料股份有限公司 一种耐低温阻燃外护管的配方及制造方法
CN115179626A (zh) * 2022-09-14 2022-10-14 衡水中裕铁信防水技术有限公司 一种防腐耐震型防水材料及其制备方法和应用
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