CN112029127A - 高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜及其加工方法 - Google Patents

高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜及其加工方法 Download PDF

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CN112029127A
CN112029127A CN202010835992.5A CN202010835992A CN112029127A CN 112029127 A CN112029127 A CN 112029127A CN 202010835992 A CN202010835992 A CN 202010835992A CN 112029127 A CN112029127 A CN 112029127A
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姜云鸿
蒋佳男
李喜宏
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TIANJIN SHENGTIANLI MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜，为双层膜结构，在内膜和外膜之间设置指示标签，先将指示标签做好之后涂抹在晾干后的外膜上，再将内膜溶液做好之后，涂抹在含指示标签的外膜上。本发明针对石榴果鄂容易藏匿微生物的问题，制作抑菌可食用膜。可食性膜是以天然可食性物质(多糖)为原料，以包装或涂布等形式覆盖于食品表面，是一种动态、主动性的包装系统，与环境有一定的互动性，然后添加抑菌剂，既保证隔绝了微生物，又保证了保鲜膜的透气性，从而延长食品保质期，提高食品安全性。

Description

高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜及其加工方法
技术领域
本发明属于水果保鲜领域，涉及保鲜膜，尤其是一种高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜及其加工方法。
背景技术
石榴果型奇特，包括花萼、革质果皮、假种皮(可食部分)、种子、白色隔膜，石榴果皮组织疏松，且存在大量空隙，正是由于这种多孔性，加上萼筒的呼吸作用，从而导致果实极易失水皱缩。成熟果实含水量大约为85％，当果实失重率达到一定程度时，果实开始出现皱皮、萎蔫的现象，在果实萎蔫后，果实失水速率降低。当失水达20％～30％时，果皮变干、紧缚子房、果棱明显突出、果实缩小。所以研制一种专用于石榴的保鲜保湿的保鲜膜是目前要突破的关键技术。
石榴在储存的过程中，容易产生霉菌、细菌等病原微生物。人们食用被细菌污染的食物后，会引起食物中毒。传统的抑菌方法是直接在食品中添加抑菌剂，这一方式严重危害了食品的安全性，而食用抑菌膜是一种添加在包装材料中的抑菌剂，可以有效保护食品的安全性。在使用抑菌膜包装食品时，只有少量抑菌剂与食品表面接触或通过扩散释放到食品中，便可以有效抑制目标微生物，减少食品中防腐剂的添加。可以看出在不久的将来，食用抑菌膜将成为最重要的包装材料。
石榴具有很高的营养价值，在储藏的过程中容易滋养微生物发生腐烂现象。目前有很多的关于石榴保鲜膜的研制，但是很难解上诉问题，并且许多抗氧化剂和抑菌剂的使用条件有很大的限制，不适合用于石榴的保鲜，所以目前的保鲜膜不适合作为石榴的保鲜，因此开发一种石榴专用的保鲜膜是很有必要的以及有很大的发展前景。
CN106626647A公开了一种抗菌保鲜膜，该发明在保鲜膜中添加负离子材料，释放的负离子具有较高的活性和很强的氧化还原作用，能够破坏细菌的细胞膜或细胞原生质活性酶的活性，从而达到抗菌、杀菌的目的，同时能够消除果蔬释放的乙烯，缓解果蔬营养自耗，延长保鲜时间。
该专利的问题是：①保鲜膜在使用的过程中容易老化，其使用寿命短。②在果蔬储藏的过程中若是果蔬发生腐烂变质，不能及时了解。
CN109502182A公开了一种食品保鲜膜，该保鲜膜具有硅胶层，相比由聚乙烯或者聚氯乙烯或者聚偏二氯乙烯构成保鲜膜，该食品保鲜膜能够重复利用，能够更加安全环保，另外该食品保鲜膜能够根据食品周围的光线强度和/或温度的高低来显示颜色。
该专利的问题是：①保鲜膜在使用的过程中，保鲜膜容易积累灰尘并且滋生微生物。②硅胶的抗老化能力比较差。
CN107718830A公开了一种保鲜膜及其制备方法，该保鲜膜具有三层膜结构，分别在PET树脂薄膜中添加乙烯吸收剂及含有蒙脱土得到乙烯吸附薄膜及阻隔薄膜。保鲜膜内果蔬自身释放的乙烯可被乙烯吸附薄膜中乙烯吸收剂吸收避免了保鲜膜内乙烯积累导致果蔬加速老化的问题。
该专利的问题是：①保鲜膜在使用的过程中容易老化，其使用寿命短。②在果蔬储藏的过程中若是果蔬发生腐烂变质，不能及时了解。③保鲜膜没有杀菌效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供一种高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜及其加工方法。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜，为双层膜结构，在内膜和外膜之间设置指示标签，先将指示标签做好之后涂抹在晾干后的外膜上，再将内膜溶液做好之后，涂抹在含指示标签的外膜上；
所述的内膜溶液的制备方法：称取75～80wt％淀粉、5～6wt％明胶、5～6wt％卡拉胶、5～6wt％改性壳聚糖，加入纯水，充分搅拌，制成成膜溶液，在搅拌过程中，将0.8～0.9wt％的精油添加到成膜液中，然后再加入甘油；
所述的外膜的制备方法：称取80～85wt％PLA粉末、7～8wt％明胶、4～5wt％卡拉胶、0.6～0.7wt％改性聚酚抗氧化剂，加入水，将混合物在50～60℃下搅拌一段时间，制成成膜溶液，在搅拌过程中加入甘油，冷却成膜即可；
所述的指示标签的制备方法：在体积比为3∶2、质量浓度为5wt％的甲基红和溴百里酚蓝混合指示液中，加入1wt％甘油和5wt％普鲁兰多糖，40℃水浴加热，然后不断搅拌使其形成均匀的普鲁兰多糖溶液。
而且，所述的改性壳聚糖的制备方法为：按壳聚糖与半胱胺酸摩尔比2：1称量，将壳聚糖溶于0.5mol/L乙酸溶液，用氨水调pH至4.5，与半胱胺酸混合搅拌，放于恒温水浴中搅拌2h，放置过夜，得到乳白色粘稠糊状物质，用氨水、蒸馏水洗涤，直至滤液为中性，真空干燥后得到乳黄色棉花状固体，即为巯基化壳聚糖。
而且，所述的改性聚酚抗氧化剂是以丙烯酸、三乙胺、环己烷为反应原料，通过酯化法改性聚酚抗氧化剂。
本发明的优点和积极效果是：
1、针对石榴果鄂容易藏匿微生物的问题，制作抑菌可食用膜。可食性膜是以天然可食性物质(多糖)为原料，以包装或涂布等形式覆盖于食品表面，是一种动态、主动性的包装系统，与环境有一定的互动性，然后添加抑菌剂，既保证隔绝了微生物，又保证了保鲜膜的透气性，从而延长食品保质期，提高食品安全性。
2、针对保鲜膜易老化的问题，以丙烯酸、三乙胺、环己烷等为反应原料，通过酯化法改性聚酚抗氧化剂CPL(对甲基苯酚双环戊二烯异丁基化产物)为辅料增加保鲜膜的抗氧化性，延长使用寿命。
3、采用以普鲁兰多糖(食品级)为成膜材料，制备一种酸败敏感性指示标签，当石榴在储藏过程中发生腐烂现象，会根据保鲜膜呈现的颜色从而判断石榴是否发生腐烂现象。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
一种高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜，为双层膜结构，在内膜和外膜之间设置指示标签。制备方法是：先将指示标签做好之后涂抹在晾干后的外膜上，再将内膜溶液做好之后，涂抹在含指示标签的外膜上。
所述的内膜溶液的制备方法：
称取75wt％淀粉、5wt％明胶、5wt％卡拉胶、5wt％改性壳聚糖，加入纯水，用玻璃棒充分搅拌，然后置于磁力搅拌器中，用恒温加热磁力搅拌器将混合物在45℃下搅拌60min，制成成膜溶液。在搅拌过程中，将0.8wt％的精油添加到成膜液中，用于增强抑菌性和延长食物保质期，然后再加入9.2wt％甘油。
所述的改性壳聚糖的制备方法为：
按壳聚糖(CHI)与半胱胺酸(Cys)摩尔比2：1称量，将CHI溶于0.5mol/L乙酸溶液，用氨水调pH至4.5，与Cys混合搅拌，放于恒温水浴中搅拌2h，放置过夜，得到乳白色粘稠糊状物质，用氨水、蒸馏水洗涤，直至滤液为中性，真空干燥后得到乳黄色棉花状固体，即为巯基化壳聚糖(CHI-SH)，置于棕色瓶中保存备用。经过实验验证，改性后的巯基化壳聚糖，其水溶性有了很大的改善同时抑菌能力也有了提升，对细菌的抑菌圈能力如表1：
表1改性前后壳聚糖抗菌性的比较
Figure BDA0002639724900000031
所述的外膜的制备方法：
称取80wt％PLA粉末、7.25wt％明胶、4.9wt％卡拉胶、0.6wt％改性聚酚抗氧化剂，加入蒸馏水，用玻璃棒充分搅拌，然后置于磁力搅拌器中，用恒温加热磁力搅拌器将混合物在55℃下搅拌120min，制成成膜溶液。在搅拌过程中加入7.25wt％甘油，冷却成膜即可。
改性聚酚抗氧化剂的制备方法为：
制作步骤：向1000mL的四口玻璃反应釜中加入聚酚抗氧化剂，以环己烷为溶剂，加入丙烯酸和三乙胺，将环己烷加到带有胶塞的滴液漏斗中，开启水浴加热，搅拌升温至77～80℃，开始滴加环己烷滴加时间为40～50min，滴加完毕，保温反应2.5h，保温反应完成后，向反应釜中加入蒸馏水，继续搅拌，15min后将搅拌系统停止，静置15min，将下层液体放出，收集于瓶中，完成第一次水洗.然后再次向反应釜中加入蒸馏水，开启搅拌旋钮，继续反应15min，停止搅拌，静置15min，将下层液体收集于瓶中，完成第二次水洗。将余下的上层液体移入三口烧瓶中，安装蒸馏装置，通入冷凝水，同时开启调温电热套的控温旋钮，升温15min左右，观察到有溶剂被蒸出，当不再有液体滴出且温度达178～180℃之间时，将控温旋钮关闭，蒸馏完成。
聚酚抗氧化剂酯化物的抗氧化能力的测定(通过测定清除超氧阴离子自由基来确定抗氧化能力的大小)：
取0.5m L(0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0g/L)不同浓度的改性前的聚酚抗氧化剂和改性后聚酚抗氧化剂和反应物于试管中，30℃水浴维持30min。加入0.5m L(2mmol/L)焦性没食子酸溶液，搅拌200s后加入0.5m L浓盐酸停止反应。在波长为325nm处测定其吸光度。其结果如表2。
表2聚酚抗氧化剂改性前后的抗氧化能力
Figure BDA0002639724900000041
所述的指示标签的制备方法：
在1L体积比为3∶2、质量浓度为5wt％的甲基红和溴百里酚蓝混合指示液中，加入适量的甘油和普鲁兰多糖，40℃水浴加热，然后不断搅拌使其形成均匀的普鲁兰多糖溶液。
(普鲁兰多糖最佳添加量为5wt％，甘油的最佳添加量为1wt％)。经过检测，以普鲁兰多糖为载体，添加甘油，制得的指示标签色差变化明显，可用于检测石榴储藏过程中酸值的变化。
表3
Figure BDA0002639724900000051
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜，其特征在于：为双层膜结构，在内膜和外膜之间设置指示标签，先将指示标签做好之后涂抹在晾干后的外膜上，再将内膜溶液做好之后，涂抹在含指示标签的外膜上；
所述的内膜溶液的制备方法：称取75～80wt％淀粉、5～6wt％明胶、5～6wt％卡拉胶、5～6wt％改性壳聚糖，加入纯水，充分搅拌，制成成膜溶液，在搅拌过程中，将0.8～0.9wt％的精油添加到成膜液中，然后再加入甘油；
所述的外膜的制备方法：称取80～85wt％PLA粉末、7～8wt％明胶、4～5wt％卡拉胶、0.6～0.7wt％改性聚酚抗氧化剂，加入水，将混合物在50～60℃下搅拌一段时间，制成成膜溶液，在搅拌过程中加入甘油，冷却成膜即可；
所述的指示标签的制备方法：在体积比为3∶2、质量浓度为5wt％的甲基红和溴百里酚蓝混合指示液中，加入1wt％甘油和5wt％普鲁兰多糖，40℃水浴加热，然后不断搅拌使其形成均匀的普鲁兰多糖溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述的改性壳聚糖的制备方法为：按壳聚糖与半胱胺酸摩尔比2：1称量，将壳聚糖溶于0.5mol/L乙酸溶液，用氨水调pH至4.5，与半胱胺酸混合搅拌，放于恒温水浴中搅拌2h，放置过夜，得到乳白色粘稠糊状物质，用氨水、蒸馏水洗涤，直至滤液为中性，真空干燥后得到乳黄色棉花状固体，即为巯基化壳聚糖。
3.根据权利要求1所述高透气透湿石榴专用保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述的改性聚酚抗氧化剂是以丙烯酸、三乙胺、环己烷为反应原料，通过酯化法改性聚酚抗氧化剂。
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