CN112029047A - 一种离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料、制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN112029047A
CN112029047A CN202010920868.9A CN202010920868A CN112029047A CN 112029047 A CN112029047 A CN 112029047A CN 202010920868 A CN202010920868 A CN 202010920868A CN 112029047 A CN112029047 A CN 112029047A
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electromagnetic shielding
metal material
ionic gel
ionic
gel
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聂俊
孙靖先
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Changzhou Institute for Advanced Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及电磁屏蔽材料领域，尤其涉及一种离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料、制备方法及其在电磁屏蔽领域的应用。本专利用离子凝胶作为固态基材，金属材料作为导电填料，制备了离子凝胶/金属材料复合材料。离子凝胶本身具有良好的导电性，具有良好的电磁屏蔽效果。离子液体极大的促进了金属材料的分散，避免了金属材料的团聚，提高了金属材料的填充效果，提高了电磁屏蔽效果。因此本发明具有操作简单、成本低等特点，制备的材料具有优异的电磁屏蔽效果，具有广阔的应用潜力。

Description

一种离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料、制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及电磁屏蔽材料领域，尤其涉及一种离子凝胶/金属材料的电磁屏蔽材料、制备方法及其应用。
技术背景
随着电子设备和通讯技术在生活各领域的广泛应用，电磁波作为信息传播的载体，已经渗入到了我们生活的各个方面。电磁波能量以波的形式向四周传播而不返回场源，被称为电磁波辐射，超量无序的电磁辐射会带来一系列负面影响，被称为电磁污染。
目前，无论是屏蔽外界电磁波的干扰，还是防止内部电磁信息的泄露，消除电磁污染最为有效的手段是实施电磁屏蔽措施。通常实现电磁屏蔽就是将导电或者导磁材料作为屏蔽体包围干扰源或者被保护对象。当电磁波传播到达屏蔽材料表面时，通常有3种不同机理进行衰减：(1)在入射表面由阻抗突变引起的电磁波的反射衰减(R)；(2)未被反射而进入屏蔽体的电磁波被材料吸收的衰减(A)；(3)在屏蔽体内部的多次反射衰减。一般来说，由表面反射衰减R产生的屏蔽作用需要屏蔽体具有在磁场中能自由移动的载流子。因此以该屏蔽机理为主的材料通常具备很好的导电性，例如银、铜、金等。而以吸收衰减A为主的屏蔽材料需要具备大量的电偶极子或磁偶极子，一般为具备适当介电常数、高磁导率及高电磁损耗的材料，常用的有高磁导率合金。
金属材料是传统的电磁屏蔽材料，主要有铜、银以及合金一类。它最大的优点是具有较高的导电率以及良好的机械强度，可以通过法拉第笼效应尽可能的将电磁波通过反射损耗衰减掉。同时它在高、低频电磁场以及静电场范围内都具有良好的电磁屏蔽性能。然而，金属材料的缺点也较为明显，其密度大，易腐蚀，加工性差等问题，极大的限制了它的适用性。。
聚合物/金属复合材料类电磁屏蔽材料是通过将金属材料与聚合物组分进行共混制备得到。该材料往往表现出金属填料的特性，同时又具有聚合物的低密度，易加工，耐腐蚀等优势，并且可以根据屏蔽材料所应用的场景需求进行宽范围的导电填料选择和聚合物种类选择。但是当金属材料的体积达到微米或纳米时，极易发生团聚，在聚合物基材中难以分散，导致加工困难，电磁屏蔽效果下降。并且常见的聚合物基材不具有良好的电磁屏蔽效果，导致复合材料的电磁屏蔽效果达不到期望值。
离子液体是一种由有机阳离子和阴离子组成的有机盐，其离子间的静电引力比较弱，因而具有较小的晶格能，在室温下一般呈液态。离子凝胶是指将离子液体固定在固态基材中得到混合材料，具有一定的可拉伸性、良好的环境稳定性、高导电率和宽电化学窗口等优点，在电子产品领域得到了广泛的应用。
离子凝胶由于具有良好的导电性，因此具有良好的电磁屏蔽效果。此外，离子液体可以和金属材料产生分子间作用力，极大的促进了金属材料在离子液体中的分散，避免了在基材中的团聚。但是目前为止，还没有关于离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料的报道。本专利利用离子凝胶和金属材料制备得到了一种具有良好电磁屏蔽效果的柔性复合材料。
发明内容
为了解决现存的技术问题，本发明提供了一种制备离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料的方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：本发明提供了一种离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料制备方法，将离子液体固定在基材中得到离子凝胶，在离子凝胶中掺入金属材料得到具有良好电磁屏蔽效果的复合材料。
进一步优选为，所述离子凝胶可以由离子液体和聚合物固态基材通过共混方法制备得到，制备方法包括：原位聚合法、物理凝胶法、溶液浇筑法和离子浸渍法。离子凝胶也可以由离子液体自聚合得到，这种离子凝胶也被成为聚离子液体。
进一步优选为，所述离子液体(ionic liquids)是指由有机阳离子和阴离子组成的有机盐。有机阳离子包括：季胺型、季膦型、咪唑型、吡咯型、哌啶型和吡啶型等。阴离子包括：卤素离子、四氟硼酸根、六氟磷酸根、三氟甲磺酸根、甲磺酸根、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺根、硫酸氢根和对甲苯磺酸根等。
进一步优选为，所述制备离子凝胶的聚合物包括：丙烯酸酯、环氧、聚硅氧烷、聚醚、聚酯、聚酰亚胺、橡胶和聚氨酯等。
进一步优选为，所述金属材料为纯金属材料或金属合金材料，包括：铜粉、银粉、铁粉、镍粉、铜纤维、银纤维、铜纳米线和银纳米线等。
进一步优选为，所述金属材料可以在制备离子凝胶的过程中加入，也可以在离子凝胶制备完成之后加入。
进一步优选为，离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料可以在离子凝胶/金属材料的基础上添加其他种类的电磁屏蔽材料，如碳材料、磁性材料和导电聚合物等。
本发明的又一目的是提供了一种由上述制备方法制备得到的离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料。
此外，本发明还提供了一种上述离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料在电磁屏蔽领域的应用。
本发明的有益效果是利用离子液体和金属材料的分子间作用力，极大的促进了金属材料在离子液体中的分散，避免了在基材中的团聚，且离子凝胶本身具有良好的导电性，利用离子凝胶和金属材料制备得到了一种具有良好电磁屏蔽效果的柔性复合材料。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合实施方式作进一步地详细描述。本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用。
实施例一
在本实施例中，离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([BMIM]BF4)，聚合物单体为丙烯酸(AA)，交联剂为聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)，引发剂为引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)，金属材料为银粉。具体过程为：将[EMIM]BF4、AA和银粉以质量比60：30：10的比例混合，然后加入PEGDA和BPO，含量分别为AA含量的0.5wt％和1wt％，搅拌均匀，将得到的溶液转移到模具中，在70℃下反应12h，得到离子凝胶/银粉复合材料。测试结果表明1mm厚的复合材料在8～12GHz的电磁屏蔽效能约为27dB。
实施例二
在本实施例中，离子液体为1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([EMIM]Cl)，聚合物单体为丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)，交联剂为1、6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)，引发剂为过硫酸铵，金属材料为铜纳米线。具体过程为：将[BMIM]Cl、HEA和铜纳米线按照质量比为60：32：8的比例加热搅拌混合，然后加入HDDA和过硫酸铵，含量分别为HEA含量的0.5wt％和1wt％，搅拌得到均匀的溶液，将溶液转移到模具中，在70℃下反应12h，得到离子凝胶/铜纳米线复合材料。测试结果表明1mm厚的复合材料在8～12GHz的电磁屏蔽效能约为25dB。
实施例三
在本实施例中，选用1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲酰亚胺盐([EMIM]TFSI)作为离子液体，聚(偏二氟乙烯-co-六氟丙烯)(PVDF-co-HFP)作为聚合物基材，银纳米线作为金属材料，丙酮作为溶剂。具体过程为：将离子液体、PVDF-co-HFP和银纳米线的以质量比为60：32：8的比例混合，然后将原材料溶解到丙酮中，将得到的溶液涂覆在模具中，常温或加热下将丙酮挥发除尽，即可得到离子凝胶/银纳米线复合材料。测试结果表明1mm厚的复合材料在8～12GHz的电磁屏蔽效能约为27dB。
实施例四
在本实施例中，选用1-乙烯基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐作为离子液体，铜粉作为金属材料，聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)作为交联剂、过氧化二本甲酰(BPO)作为引发剂。具体过程为：将原材料按照一定的比例混合均匀，其中离子液体和铜粉的质量比为90：10，PEGDA和BPO的含量分别为离子液体含量的0.1wt％和0.5wt％。将得到的混合物在70℃反应12小时，得到离子凝胶(聚离子液体)/铜粉复合材料。测试结果表明1mm厚的复合材料在8～12GHz下的电磁屏蔽效能约为23dB。
上述实施例中制备的离子凝胶/金属材料均可应用在电磁屏蔽领域中并具有良好的柔性。

Claims (10)

1.一种离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法，其特征在于，将离子液体固定在基材中得到离子凝胶，在离子凝胶中掺入金属材料得到具有良好电磁屏蔽效果的复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述离子凝胶由离子液体和聚合物固态基材通过共混方法制备得到或者由离子液体自聚合得到。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述共混方法包括：原位聚合法、物理凝胶法、溶液浇筑法和离子浸渍法。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述离子液体是指由有机阳离子和阴离子组成的有机盐，所述有机阳离子为季胺型、季膦型、咪唑型、吡咯型、哌啶型和吡啶型阳离子中的一种，所述阴离子为卤素离子、四氟硼酸根、六氟磷酸根、三氟甲磺酸根、甲磺酸根、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺根、硫酸氢根和对甲苯磺酸根阴离子中的一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法，其特征在于，制备离子凝胶的聚合物为丙烯酸酯、环氧、聚硅氧烷、聚醚、聚酯、聚酰亚胺、橡胶和聚氨酯中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属材料为纯金属材料或金属合金。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金属材料在制备离子凝胶的过程中加入或是在离子凝胶制备完成之后加入。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法，其特征在于，在离子凝胶/金属材料的基础上还能添加其他种类的电磁屏蔽材料。
9.一种由如权利要求1-8任一项所述的电磁屏蔽材料的制备方法制备得到的电磁屏蔽材料。
10.一种如权利要求9所述的离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料在电磁屏蔽领域的应用。
CN202010920868.9A 2020-09-04 2020-09-04 一种离子凝胶/金属材料电磁屏蔽材料、制备方法及其应用 Pending CN112029047A (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101683019A (zh) * 2007-03-22 2010-03-24 3M创新有限公司 电磁波屏蔽材料和薄片
CN102349364A (zh) * 2009-01-15 2012-02-08 3M创新有限公司 屏蔽电磁波的凝胶状组合物
CN109294235A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-02-01 西南大学 一种具有双网络结构的柔性高频电磁屏蔽材料及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101683019A (zh) * 2007-03-22 2010-03-24 3M创新有限公司 电磁波屏蔽材料和薄片
CN102349364A (zh) * 2009-01-15 2012-02-08 3M创新有限公司 屏蔽电磁波的凝胶状组合物
CN109294235A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-02-01 西南大学 一种具有双网络结构的柔性高频电磁屏蔽材料及其制备方法

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