CN112021462A - Bionical system of liquid pig milk of mainly utilizing vegetable protein production - Google Patents
Bionical system of liquid pig milk of mainly utilizing vegetable protein production Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021462A CN112021462A CN202011026956.0A CN202011026956A CN112021462A CN 112021462 A CN112021462 A CN 112021462A CN 202011026956 A CN202011026956 A CN 202011026956A CN 112021462 A CN112021462 A CN 112021462A
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Abstract
The invention provides a biological bionic system for producing liquid pig milk by mainly utilizing plant protein, which utilizes knowledge of modern animal nutrition, adopts a highly-simulated breast milk nutrition formula in a bionic biological system for simulating a sow lactation mechanism, takes a small amount of dairy products as a basis, and utilizes a mixed cracking process to process the plant protein into piglet supplement daily ration with high digestibility, high food calling performance, strong health care function and growth promotion and development function. The liquid pig milk produced by mainly utilizing the plant protein can enable the piglets to be naturally weaned, so that the feed intake of the piglets after weaning is rapidly improved, and compared with a control group, the diarrhea rate and the death rate of the piglets are remarkably reduced, and the weaning stress of the piglets is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a bionics system for producing liquid pig milk by mainly utilizing plant protein.
Background
Under natural conditions, the lactation period of the pigs is 60 days, and the early isolation weaning technology is generally adopted in the intensive pig raising production. The early weaning of the piglets can improve the productivity of the sows, reduce the spread of diseases from the parents to the piglets, improve the growth speed and the carcass quality of the piglets and have extremely important significance in production. In China, the 21-28-day-old weaning is generally adopted in pig raising production. However, the early weaning of piglets, especially the isolation weaning in the early stage, can cause the 'early weaning syndrome of piglets' due to the poor digestive ability and stress tolerance of piglets, and the specific expression is as follows: the appetite of the piglets is reduced, the digestion function is disordered, the diarrhea is caused, the growth is slow, the utilization rate of the feed is low, the mental condition and the appearance are not good, and the like. The influence of 3 psychological, nutritional and environmental stresses on physiology, biochemistry and growth of 28-day-old weaned pigs is researched by many scientists, and the result shows that the nutritional stress is a main factor causing the weaned pigs to be stressed.
How to reduce and overcome the weaning stress of piglets becomes an important subject for improving the production benefit of pig raising. The following two methods are generally adopted in the production to produce the artificial pig milk: (1) use of whole milk products; (2) the fully fermented feed is prepared by processing plant raw materials such as corn, soybean and the like.
2. The prior art has the following defects:
(1) use of whole milk products; the essence of animal husbandry is that the physiological functions of animals such as livestock and poultry are utilized, and the animal husbandry is used for converting plant energy into animal energy through artificial feeding and breeding so as to obtain animal products such as meat, eggs, milk and the like. Therefore, the use of whole milk products for the production of artificial pig milk is not an economical sustainable nutritional solution, which is an aim outside the animal husbandry. On the other hand, the lack of dairy products for human consumption is aggravated by the fact that the dairy products are used in large quantities to produce animal feed in China because the dairy products are not ingested sufficiently.
(2) Processing plant raw materials such as corn, soybean and the like into a total fermentation feed; the corn, soybean and other plant materials contain plant proteins with different degrees of antigen characteristics, plant polysaccharides with different molecular structures, lipid and other anti-nutritional factors. On one hand, part of antinutritional factors can be removed through fermentation, and on the other hand, a certain pre-digestion effect can be achieved. However, there are a number of disadvantages to fully fermented diets: firstly, the clearance rate of the fermentation anti-nutritional factors is limited, and the residual plant nutrients such as antigenic protein, starch and the like can still cause diarrhea of piglets; ② the fermentation has limited effect on reducing the molecular weight of nutrient substances; and thirdly, fermentation is a biological oxidation process consuming nutrition, in the fermentation process, nutrient substances in the substrate are required to be used as nutrient sources for self growth in the growth and reproduction processes of the strains, and the nutrient substances in the substrate are greatly lost and are long in time after fermentation. It has been reported that the starch mass in corn meal after fermentation with bacillus subtilis is reduced by 44.48%; fourthly, the fermentation process is difficult to control, and the product is complex; the fermentation product affects the palatability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the background technology and provides a bionics system for producing liquid pig milk by mainly utilizing plant protein.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a bionics system for producing liquid pig's milk mainly using plant protein, which comprises the following steps;
s1, cleaning and soaking: screening plant raw materials, selecting materials with good appearance and full seeds, washing the materials with water for several times, soaking the materials in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 minutes for sterilization, rinsing the sterilized seeds for three times, and finally soaking the seeds for 6 hours at 25 ℃.
S2, germination and autolysis: placing the fully imbibed plant materials such as soybean in a biochemical incubator at 25 ℃ for 4 days in a dark place, pouring water every 12 hours, comprehensively considering the yield of various functional components such as digestive enzyme and the loss of dry matters, and optimally sprouting for 4 days; the activity of alpha-amylase is more than or equal to 200U/g, the activity of beta-amylase is more than or equal to 200U/g, the activity of protease is more than or equal to 10U/g, the content of isoflavone is more than or equal to 6mg/g, the loss rate of dry matters is less than or equal to 22%, the activity residual rate of beta-conglycinin antigen is less than or equal to 58%, the activity residual rate of 11S conglycinin antigen is less than or equal to 76%, and the change of essential amino acid and total; the germination can adjust the nutrient structure of beans to a certain extent, and the bioavailability of vitamins and minerals in the beans is increased.
S3, mixed cracking: taking 0-5% of meat and bone meal, 0-5% of chicken meal, 20-49% of soaked soybeans, 0.1-5% of beet pulp, 0-5% of corncobs, 0.1-5% of rice, 0.1-5% of Chinese herbal medicines and the like (calculated by dry matters), placing one or more feed raw materials into a cracking reaction tank, adding 3-10 times of water, adding benzoic acid and sorbic acid to adjust the pH to 4.0-4.6, closing the cracking reaction tank, starting a stirring paddle, and stirring to dissolve the materials; adding steam to enable the pressure in the tank body to reach 0.3-1.5 MPa and the temperature to reach 160-200 ℃, starting a heating and heat preservation cycle, maintaining for 1-20 minutes, opening a discharge valve after heat preservation is finished, and instantly releasing the pressure in the cracking tank to enable the high-molecular protein in the material to be cracked into small-molecular polypeptide small peptides and amino acids (the molecular weight of more than 80% of nitrogen-containing organic matters is less than or equal to 10000 Da); cracking carbohydrate into micromolecular monosaccharide, disaccharide, fermentable fiber and the like; inorganic trace elements react with peptide and amino acid to be converted into an organic state; performing Maillard reaction on carbohydrate and protein to produce flavor substances; anti-nutritional factors in the materials are thoroughly removed; the effective components in the Chinese herbal medicine are highly released (the leaching rate of the effective components is more than or equal to 80 percent), and the lysate is obtained.
S4, fermentation: the pretreated raw materials and the waste liquid after cleaning the production flow are taken as fermentation substrates to avoid the discharge of sewage and waste; a large amount of nutrient substances are consumed in the fermentation, and the loss of the nutrient substances is reduced by controlling the proportion of the fermentation materials; the three predigestion process flows of S2, S3 and S4 can be communicated, the materials after mixed cracking can be subjected to enzymolysis or fermentation, the materials after enzymolysis can also be subjected to fermentation or mixed cracking, and the materials after fermentation can also be subjected to enzymolysis or mixed cracking.
S5, batching: according to the formula requirement, 0-5% of super steam fish meal, 0-5% of wheat protein hydrolysate powder, 3-20% of whey powder, 0.2-5% of glucose, 0.2-5% of cane sugar, 0.2-3% of amino acid, 0.2-3% of vitamin, 0.2-3% of mineral substance, 0.2-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-5% of grease, 0.1-2% of complex enzyme preparation, 0.5-5% of premix and other components (calculated by dry matter) are pre-dissolved in a mixing tank. Adding the dissolved nutrition-enhancing components into a mixing tank according to a certain proportion, and uniformly mixing with the germination autolysis product, the lysate and the fermentation liquor;
s6, high-pressure homogenization: carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the ingredients to obtain a liquid pig milk semi-finished product which is uniformly mixed;
s7, packaging: vacuum packaging the semi-finished product of S6 to obtain liquid pig milk finished product
S8, product stage division: as the piglets grow and develop, the digestion physiological functions of the piglets change correspondingly, and the nutritional requirements also change.
In one embodiment, the washing and soaking in step S1 are performed with a sterilization treatment, the soaking time is 6 hours, and the ratio of material to water is 1: 2; the wastewater generated in the treatment process enters a fermentation system for fermentation production after being filtered and sterilized.
The invention provides a biological bionic system for producing liquid pig milk by mainly utilizing plant protein, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) therefore, the wonderful liquid milk utilizes the intelligence of modern animal nutrition, in a bionic biological system simulating the sow lactation mechanism, the high molecular weight of the plant in the material is decomposed into more than 80 percent of molecular weight less than or equal to 10000Da by a mixed cracking process, the plant protein is processed into the piglet supplement daily ration with high digestibility, high food calling performance, strong health care function and growth promoting and development function, the piglet is naturally weaned, and the weaning stress of the piglet is thoroughly solved.
(2) The mixed cracking process is the most powerful innovation in the system, has the physical processes of simple process, short time consumption and low energy consumption, does not consume the nutrient components in the materials, thus maximally retaining the nutrient substances in the materials, and generates hydration and hydrolysis while molecular chains are broken to generate various rich micromolecular functional flavor substances.
(3) In the ecological bionic system, the enzymolysis and fermentation process is different from the process characteristics of other systems, namely, less than 5 percent of materials obtain a plurality of key nutrient components such as digestive enzymes, probiotics and metabolites and derivatives thereof through the processes of germination, enzymolysis and fermentation, and the loss of nutrient substances is controlled while a large amount of key nutrient components are obtained.
(4) The bionics system mainly utilizing the plant protein to produce the liquid pig milk has the innovation points that the traditional piglet liquid milk production method through fermentation and enzymolysis has the minimum 72 hours from feeding to product discharging, the preparation process of the method only needs about 30 minutes from feeding to product discharging, the required capacity of equipment which is required to be configured with the same production capacity is small, the flow is short, the energy consumption is small, the bionics system mainly utilizing the plant protein to produce the liquid pig milk has the same production capacity, the investment is small, the production cost advantage of the product is enabled to be better, the quality is better, and meanwhile, the environmental protection problems such as pollution discharge are not caused.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a table of the stages of use of the liquid milk product for piglets according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a table showing the components of liquid pig milk obtained in the example of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the change of the piglet feed intake.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the effect of liquid milk of piglets according to the invention on the growth performance of piglets.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the piglet liquid milk production line of the invention.
FIG. 6 is the molecular weight distribution of protein after mixed cracking of soaked soybeans of the present invention under different conditions.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the protein molecular weight distribution after germination of soybeans according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the protein molecular weight distribution of soybeans of the present invention after germination for various periods of time.
FIG. 9 shows the molecular weight distribution of the enzymatically hydrolyzed soy protein of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily selected and substituted within the numerical ranges described in the above summary of the invention, and different embodiments may be configured, and are not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
the bionics system for producing liquid pig milk mainly by using plant protein provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps; firstly, screening plant raw materials, selecting materials with good appearance and full seeds, and carrying out classified management on the materials, wherein one material is treated by a pre-digestion process, the second material is added from a blending process, the third material is added from a stabilizing and sterilizing process, and the first material is washed for a plurality of times by water, and the protein molecular weight distribution is obtained after the soaked soybeans are mixed and cracked under different conditions as shown in figure 6; then soaking the seeds in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 minutes for sterilization, rinsing the sterilized seeds for three times, and finally soaking the seeds for 6 hours at 25 ℃, wherein the material pretreatment process means that some plant raw materials need to be washed and soaked, wastewater generated in the treatment process enters a fermentation system for fermentation production through filtration and disinfection, then the plant raw materials such as fully-swollen soybeans and the like are placed in a biochemical incubator at 25 ℃ for 4 days in a dark place, water is poured every 12 hours, the protein molecular weight distribution after the soybeans germinate is shown in figure 7, and figure 8 is the protein molecular weight distribution after the soybeans germinate at different times; 20-49% of soaked soybeans, 0.1-5% of beet pulp, 0-5% of corncobs, 0.1-5% of rice, 0.1-5% of Chinese herbal medicines and the like (calculated by dry matters), placing the raw materials into a cracking reaction tank, adding 3-10 times of water, adding benzoic acid and sorbic acid to adjust the pH value to 4.0-4.6, closing the cracking reaction tank, starting a stirring paddle, and stirring to dissolve the materials, wherein the molecular weight distribution of the enzymolysis soybean protein is shown in figure 9; adding steam to enable the pressure in the tank body to reach 0.3-1.5 MPa and the temperature to reach 160-200 ℃, starting a heating and heat preservation cycle, maintaining for 1-20 minutes, opening a discharge valve after heat preservation is finished, instantly releasing the pressure in the cracking tank, and decomposing the weight of the plant high molecular protein in the material into more than 80% of the molecular weight of less than or equal to 10000Da through a mixed cracking process; cracking carbohydrate into micromolecular monosaccharide, disaccharide, fermentable fiber and the like; inorganic trace elements react with peptide and amino acid to be converted into an organic state; performing Maillard reaction on carbohydrate and protein to produce flavor substances; anti-nutritional factors in the materials are thoroughly removed; highly releasing effective components in the Chinese herbal medicine (leaching rate of the effective components is more than or equal to 80 percent), obtaining a lysate, then taking waste liquid after cleaning a production process as a substrate, sterilizing and inoculating, directionally culturing needed microorganisms (such as lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and the like), then pre-dissolving 0-5 percent of super steam fish meal, 0-5 percent of wheat hydrolyzed protein powder, 3-20 percent of whey powder, 0.2-5 percent of glucose, 0.2-5 percent of cane sugar, 0.2-3 percent of amino acid, 0.2-3 percent of vitamin, 0.2-3 percent of mineral substance, 0.2-1.5 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-5 percent of grease, 0.1-2 percent of complex enzyme preparation, 0.5-5 percent of premix and the like (calculated by dry matter) in a mixing tank according to the proportion, adding the dissolved nutrition strengthening components into a mixing tank, uniformly mixing with a germination autolysis product, the lysate and fermentation liquor, carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the ingredients to obtain a liquid pig milk semi-finished product which is uniformly mixed; and then carrying out vacuum packaging on the semi-finished product to obtain a liquid pig milk finished product, and simultaneously carrying out product stage division: the ecological characteristics of the pigs are respected, the piglets eat milk for six weeks, the digestion physiological functions of the piglets can be correspondingly changed along with the growth and development, the nutrition needs are different, therefore, the liquid milk of the piglets is designed into a product in 3 stages by combining the production practice of a large-scale pig farm, and the specific use stage, effect and nutritional characteristics are shown in figure 1;
the stage 1 has the nutritional characteristics that the activities of lactase and pancreatic lipase of piglets are high, nutrient substances which are easy to digest and absorb by the piglets, such as whey powder and fat, are added, insoluble substances in plant lysate are removed through slurry-residue separation, and starch is not added; the nutrition characteristics of the stage 2 are that the dosage of the dairy product is properly reduced, the usage of the plant source raw materials is increased, and starch is not added; stimulating the dry feed intake of piglets by controlling the feed intake of 2kg of liquid pig milk per week; the nutritional characteristics of stage 3 are that the dosage of the dairy product is further reduced, the use of plant source raw materials is increased, raw materials such as starch and certain cellulose are properly added, and the secretion of digestive enzyme is stimulated; the feed intake of 2kg liquid pig milk per week is also controlled to further increase the dry feed intake of piglets to seamlessly engage with the solid feed.
The detection result of the liquid milk of the piglet obtained by the method is shown in figure 1:
as can be seen from FIG. 2, the small peptide of example 1 was present in a high amount, indicating that the protein was degraded and glycinin and beta-conglycinin were not detected, indicating that the soybean antigenic protein was completely eliminated.
Example 2:
the comparative test using the prior creep feed and the liquid milk for piglets obtained in example 1 is as follows:
1. 160 piglets (16 litters) of 7-day-old suckling piglets are selected and randomly divided into 2 treatment groups according to the principle of similar weight and consistent sex, each treatment group has 8 repetitions, and each repetition has 10 pigs.
2 test diets were fed separately: a control group (fed with a certain high-grade granular creep feed) and a test group (fed with the liquid milk of the piglets obtained in the example 1).
2. During the test, a specially-assigned person is arranged to be responsible for raising, so that the user can freely eat and drink water, and the stall is kept clean and sanitary. In the test process, the test pigs are found to be sick and treated in time, and are eliminated if the test pigs cannot be recovered within 3 days, and the test period is 21 days (7 days-21 days-28 days old).
3. The feeding mode is as follows: feeding the piglets at 7 days of age, weaning at 21 days of age, removing the sows from a delivery room during weaning, and keeping the weaned piglets on a delivery bed for feeding for 7 days.
The effect on dry matter feed intake of piglets is detailed in fig. 3;
as can be seen from FIG. 3, compared with the granular creep feed, when the liquid milk of the piglets is used for feeding the piglets, the dry matter feed intake of the piglets is obviously improved.
The effect on growth performance of piglets is detailed in fig. 4;
as can be seen from fig. 4, the liquid milk of the piglets is used for supplementing the milk before the piglets are weaned, so that the deficiency of the breast milk can be made up, the growth potential of the piglets is fully exerted, the liquid milk of the piglets is ensured to be adapted before the piglets are weaned, and the preparation is fully made for the weaning. The experimental result after weaning shows that the feed intake of the piglets after weaning is rapidly improved by using the liquid milk of the piglets, compared with a control group, the diarrhea rate and the death rate of the piglets are obviously reduced, the weaning stress of the piglets is obviously improved, and the expected effect is as follows: the weight of 8-week-old piglets reaches 30kg, the weight of each fattening pig is increased by 10kg, the average piglets are 7 hundred million live pigs per year in the country, 700 million tons of pork can be increased by using the liquid milk of the piglets, and the yield is about 7000 million live pigs in the more slaughtering.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several variations and modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent.
Claims (2)
1. A bionics system for producing liquid pig's milk mainly using vegetable protein, it includes the following steps;
s1, cleaning and soaking: screening plant raw materials, selecting materials with good appearance and full seeds, washing the materials with water for several times, soaking the materials in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 minutes for sterilization, rinsing the sterilized seeds for three times, and finally soaking the seeds for 6 hours at 25 ℃.
S2, germination and autolysis: placing the fully imbibed plant materials such as soybean in a biochemical incubator at 25 ℃ for 4 days in a dark place, pouring water every 12 hours, comprehensively considering the yield of various functional components such as digestive enzyme and the loss of dry matters, and optimally sprouting for 4 days; the activity of alpha-amylase is more than or equal to 200U/g, the activity of beta-amylase is more than or equal to 200U/g, the activity of protease is more than or equal to 10U/g, the content of isoflavone is more than or equal to 6mg/g, the loss rate of dry matters is less than or equal to 22%, the activity residual rate of beta-conglycinin antigen is less than or equal to 58%, the activity residual rate of 11S conglycinin antigen is less than or equal to 76%, and the change of essential amino acid and total; the germination can adjust the nutrient structure of beans to a certain extent, and the bioavailability of vitamins and minerals in the beans is increased.
S3, mixed cracking: taking 0-5% of meat and bone meal, 0-5% of chicken meal, 20-49% of soaked soybeans, 0.1-5% of beet pulp, 0-5% of corncobs, 0.1-5% of rice, 0.1-5% of Chinese herbal medicines and the like (calculated by dry matters), placing one or more feed raw materials into a cracking reaction tank, adding 3-10 times of water, adding benzoic acid and sorbic acid to adjust the pH to 4.0-4.6, closing the cracking reaction tank, starting a stirring paddle, and stirring to dissolve the materials; adding steam to enable the pressure in the tank body to reach 0.3-1.5 MPa and the temperature to reach 160-200 ℃, starting a heating and heat preservation cycle, maintaining for 1-20 minutes, opening a discharge valve after heat preservation is finished, and instantly releasing the pressure in the cracking tank to enable the high-molecular protein in the material to be cracked into small-molecular polypeptide small peptides and amino acids (the molecular weight of more than 80% of nitrogen-containing organic matters is less than or equal to 10000 Da); cracking carbohydrate into micromolecular monosaccharide, disaccharide, fermentable fiber and the like; inorganic trace elements react with peptide and amino acid to be converted into an organic state; performing Maillard reaction on carbohydrate and protein to produce flavor substances; anti-nutritional factors in the materials are thoroughly removed; the effective components in the Chinese herbal medicine are highly released (the leaching rate of the effective components is more than or equal to 80 percent), and the lysate is obtained.
S4, fermentation: the pretreated raw materials and the waste liquid after cleaning the production flow are taken as fermentation substrates to avoid the discharge of sewage and waste; a large amount of nutrient substances are consumed in the fermentation, and the loss of the nutrient substances is reduced by controlling the proportion of the fermentation materials; the three predigestion process flows of S2, S3 and S4 can be communicated, the materials after mixed cracking can be subjected to enzymolysis or fermentation, the materials after enzymolysis can also be subjected to fermentation or mixed cracking, and the materials after fermentation can also be subjected to enzymolysis or mixed cracking.
S5, batching: according to the formula requirement, 0-5% of super steam fish meal, 0-5% of wheat protein hydrolysate powder, 3-20% of whey powder, 0.2-5% of glucose, 0.2-5% of cane sugar, 0.2-3% of amino acid, 0.2-3% of vitamin, 0.2-3% of mineral substance, 0.2-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-5% of grease, 0.1-2% of complex enzyme preparation, 0.5-5% of premix and other components (calculated by dry matter) are pre-dissolved in a mixing tank; adding the dissolved nutrition-enhancing components into a mixing tank according to a certain proportion, and uniformly mixing with the germination autolysis product, the lysate and the fermentation liquor.
S6, high-pressure homogenization: carrying out high-pressure homogenization treatment on the ingredients to obtain a liquid pig milk semi-finished product which is uniformly mixed;
s7, packaging: vacuum packaging the semi-finished product of S6 to obtain liquid pig milk finished product
S8, product stage division: as the piglets grow and develop, the digestion physiological functions of the piglets change correspondingly, and the nutritional requirements also change.
2. The biomimetic system for producing liquid pig milk by mainly using plant proteins as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning and soaking of step S1 are performed with sterilization treatment, the soaking time is 6 hours, and the ratio of feed to water is 1: 2; the wastewater generated in the treatment process enters a fermentation system for fermentation production after being filtered and sterilized.
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