CN112017386A - Forest and grassland fire monitoring system - Google Patents
Forest and grassland fire monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112017386A CN112017386A CN202010817150.7A CN202010817150A CN112017386A CN 112017386 A CN112017386 A CN 112017386A CN 202010817150 A CN202010817150 A CN 202010817150A CN 112017386 A CN112017386 A CN 112017386A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/005—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion for forest fires, e.g. detecting fires spread over a large or outdoors area
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
- G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
- G08B25/08—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using communication transmission lines
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forest and grassland fire monitoring system, which comprises: the monitoring point is used for detecting fire alarm information; the monitoring station is used for carrying out fire hazard reexamination on the fire alarm information detected by the monitoring point; and a command center for controlling the monitoring station; the monitoring point sends the detected fire alarm information to the monitoring station in a multi-hop transmission mode, and the monitoring station and the command center adopt a public network for information transmission. The invention can effectively reduce the alarm threshold, greatly reduce the alarm leakage, effectively save the economic cost and the labor cost, and the command center can check the real-time video of the fire scene, know the situation of the fire scene in the first time and better command the work of dispatching and rescuing and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest and grassland fire monitoring, in particular to a forest and grassland fire monitoring system.
Background
The coverage area of the forest grassland is wide, the transportation and the transportation are inconvenient, and the communication and the power supply are inconvenient in partial areas, so that a lot of insurmountable difficulties are brought to the installation, the operation and the like of the forest grassland fire monitoring equipment; due to these characteristics of forest and grassland areas, a single false alarm also causes a great deal of expense, which puts higher demands on the reliability of fire alarm. The early-stage spreading of the forest and grassland fire is relatively slow, the forest and grassland fire can spread rapidly after reaching a certain scale, different types of forest and grassland fire spreading models are different, but the expansion of the fire area basically increases in a mode (even geometric progression) larger than linear along with time, so that the early-stage discovery and early-stage alarm of the fire are very important.
At present, various forest and grassland fire monitoring methods exist, but all the methods have some defects, and none of the methods is popularized and applied in a large range. The following is an overview of the forest and grassland fire monitoring method.
(1) Ground patrol
The ground patrol mainly aims at publicizing the masses, controlling the man-made fire source and going deep into the dead angle observed by the telescope to patrol. The defects of small patrol area, narrow visual field and large error caused by rugged topography and dense forest when determining the fire position exist.
(2) Inspection station monitoring
The monitoring by the telescope is to observe the occurrence of forest fire through the telescope, determine the place where the fire occurs and report the fire, and has the advantages of large coverage and good effect. The existing defects are that the observation effect is limited by the terrain, the coverage area is small, and dead corners and blanks exist.
(3) Aviation patrol
The aviation patrol is to detect forest fire by using a patrol airplane. Its advantages are wide field of view, high maneuverability and speed, and all-round observation of fire field and its development. However, the method has the defects that the observation range is limited, a certain area can be observed only once a day, if the observation opportunity is missed, the fire disaster on the day can not be observed, the flying cost is high, and the fixed-point video monitoring is needed to make up for the defects.
(4) Satellite remote sensing
Satellite remote sensing, which utilizes polar orbit meteorological satellite, land resource satellite, earth geostationary satellite and low orbit satellite to detect forest and grassland fire. The fire scene monitoring system can find hot spots, monitor the spreading condition of a fire scene, provide fire scene information in time, make a fire forecast by a remote sensing means, and estimate the fire passing area by satellite digital data. The method has the advantages of wide detection range, quick data collection, capability of obtaining continuous data, capability of reflecting the dynamic change of a fire disaster, no influence of topographic conditions on the collected data and true image. The existing defects are as follows: firstly, due to the shielding of cloud layers, the fire condition can not be effectively monitored, particularly in the southern climate, and more days are spent in the shielding state of the cloud layers in one year; second, low orbit satellites are highly accurate (resolution can reach 5 meters), but the satellites can only sweep about 50-100 kilometers each time the satellite orbits the earth for a week (about two hours), real-time and full coverage require a large number of satellites, which is unrealistic in the present and foreseeable future, and even if a large number of satellites can be used, the fire situation can be monitored after at least several hours to tens of hours; and thirdly, the geostationary high-altitude satellite has ground resolution of 1-3 kilometers generally, and can be accurately found only when a certain area is formed by a fire, so that the time for finding the fire is long, and the precious time for fighting the fire at the initial stage is delayed.
(5) Scanning imaging
With the popularization of 4G in recent years, a monitoring method using a high-precision infrared and visible light imaging mode has been tried in many places, and the basic equipment structure is as follows: the system comprises a large-scale high tower, a high-precision infrared and visible light camera platform system, a communication system and a power supply system. The fire disaster detection system has the advantages that the fire disaster can be detected relatively early in a monitored area, and the monitoring radius is generally 10-15 km. The disadvantages are that: the cost is high, the data volume is too large, and even if the image data is distributed in a region with 4G signals, the image data of a plurality of monitoring points are difficult to transmit; secondly, due to the limited height of the tower, the real-time performance of fire monitoring in a remote area is poor, false alarm is increased when the number of missed alarm is reduced (vice versa), so that the method cannot realize the comprehensive monitoring of forests and mountainous areas and can only be used in an important area with a small range and public network signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forest and grassland fire monitoring system which can perform early warning and discrimination on forest and grassland fires in time and greatly reduce missed warning.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: provided is a forest and grassland fire monitoring system, including:
the monitoring point is used for detecting fire alarm information;
the monitoring station is used for carrying out fire hazard reexamination on the fire alarm information detected by the monitoring point;
and a command center for controlling the monitoring station;
the monitoring point sends the detected fire alarm information to the monitoring station in a multi-hop transmission mode, and the monitoring station and the command center adopt a public network for information transmission.
The monitoring station comprises a monitoring point, a monitoring station and a monitoring station, wherein the monitoring point detects the smoke condition of a coverage area according to a preset time interval, when smoke is detected, the monitoring point performs smoke recheck on the coverage area to determine the smoke grade, and after the smoke grade is determined, the detected fire alarm information with the smoke grade is sent to the monitoring station at the highest grade.
The monitoring station comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle system, a control system, a wireless transmission system and a power supply system for supplying power to each system; the control system judges the fire alarm information, if the fire alarm information is effective, the control system controls the unmanned aerial vehicle system to carry out fire alarm recheck, the unmanned aerial vehicle system confirms that the fire alarm sends the field fire information to the control system through the wireless transmission system, and the control system sends the received field fire information to the command center through the wireless transmission system.
The unmanned aerial vehicle system comprises a monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and a relay unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein a visible light camera and an infrared detector for fire alarm review confirmation are arranged on the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle; the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and the relay unmanned aerial vehicle are both provided with wireless broadband ad hoc network communication equipment, and the relay unmanned aerial vehicle serves as an information relay to form a communication link.
When the control system judges the fire alarm information, the method specifically comprises the following steps: if any monitoring point sends out advanced smoke alarm, the fire alarm information is judged to be effective; and if at least two monitoring points send out low-level or medium-level smoke alarms in the preset area, judging that the fire alarm information is effective.
The monitoring points are erected by adopting vertical rods and aerostats to form a solid detection network.
The monitoring points comprise a smoke detection device for monitoring smoke, a wind speed and direction detection device for monitoring wind speed and direction, a temperature and humidity detection device for monitoring temperature and humidity, a narrow-band wireless transmission module for transmitting information, a GPS positioning module for positioning, a power supply module for supplying power to each module, and a main control module for controlling each module to work.
The distance between the monitoring points is 300-1500 m, and a narrow-band transmission technology is adopted between the monitoring points.
Advantageous effects
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: the monitoring system formed by the monitoring points, the monitoring station and the command center can realize large-range (even full coverage) and all-weather forest and grassland fire monitoring and alarming, the monitoring station judges the fire information to further determine whether the fire information is effective, and after the fire information is determined to be effective, the unmanned aerial vehicle performs fire rechecking, so that the alarming threshold can be effectively reduced, missed alarming is greatly reduced, no false alarm is basically realized, economic cost and labor cost are effectively saved, the monitoring system provided by the invention can confirm the fire situation in a short time, and after receiving the fire alarming, the command center can receive the real-time video of the fire scene, see the fire scene situation in the first time, better command, dispatch, rescue and the like, and improve the fire rescue efficiency of the command center.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the unmanned aerial vehicle when monitoring the maximum distance in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of setting a monitoring area according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a forest and grassland fire monitoring system, which monitors possible fires in real time through a forest and grassland fire monitoring system formed by monitoring points, a monitoring station and a command center, and has the main working modes that: the monitoring station comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle system, a control system, a wireless transmission system and a power supply system, wherein the monitoring point detects the smoke condition of a coverage area according to a preset time interval, when smoke is detected, the monitoring point performs smoke rechecking on the coverage area to determine the smoke grade, and after the smoke grade is determined, the detected fire alarm information with the smoke grade is sent to the monitoring station at the highest grade, and the monitoring station comprises the unmanned aerial vehicle system, the control system, the wireless transmission system and the power supply system for supplying power to all systems; the control system judges the monitoring point fire alarm information, if the fire alarm information is effective, the control system controls the unmanned aerial vehicle in the unmanned aerial vehicle system to fly to a fire alarm site for fire alarm reexamination, the unmanned aerial vehicle system confirms that the fire alarm passes through the site fire information (including real-time video) and the wireless transmission system sends the received site fire information (including real-time video) to the command center, and the control system sends the received site fire information (including real-time video) to the command center through the wireless transmission system.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of a principle structure of an embodiment of the present invention, a management area of a monitoring station of the embodiment is set to 1250 square kilometers, the monitoring station is located in the center of the management area, a distance between monitoring points is 700 meters, and the monitoring station and a command center adopt 4G public network transmission; from the above conditions, it can be seen that: 2500 monitoring points are arranged in a management area of a monitoring station for 24-hour uninterrupted monitoring, information of the monitoring points at the boundary position needs to reach the monitoring station through 50 hops, the one-hop time is set to be 3 seconds, the maximum transmission time is two and a half (150 seconds), the management area is set to be square, and the farthest distance from the monitoring station in the management area is about 25 kilometers.
1) Monitoring point
The monitoring point detection equipment basically comprises:
(A) the smoke detection device is used for detecting smoke, and the smoke grade is set to four grades, namely no smoke, low-degree smoke, moderate smoke and high smoke;
(B) a wind speed and direction detecting device for detecting a wind speed and a wind direction;
(C) temperature and humidity detection means for detecting temperature and humidity;
(D) the power supply module comprises a battery, a 2W solar panel and a corresponding control circuit;
(E) the low-power consumption, long-distance and narrow-band wireless transmission module;
(F) a GPS positioning module;
(G) the master control module, the function includes: and managing and self-checking the system operation and managing the power supply.
Description of monitoring point operation:
(A) in the embodiment, the monitoring point detects the smoke level in the coverage area once every three minutes, when the smoke is detected, the smoke rechecking is immediately carried out on the coverage area of the monitoring point, the smoke level is determined again, the fire alarm information (including the smoke level, the position, the wind speed, the wind direction, the temperature and the humidity and other information) is immediately sent to the monitoring station through multiple hops at the highest priority, the monitoring point adopts an ad hoc network or fixed networking mode, the feedback confirmation information needs to be received soon after the fire alarm information is sent, and if the fire alarm information is not received, the fire alarm information needs to be sent again and sent to an alternative path.
(B) When no fire occurs, basic information of the monitoring point is detected and sent once every day at fixed time, wherein the basic information comprises wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, position information and self-checking information, and the self-checking information comprises information such as battery electric quantity.
(C) Monitoring point information transmission: because each monitoring point needs less information to be transmitted, the embodiment adopts a wireless low-power consumption and long-distance narrow-band transmission technology and a fixed line networking mode to transmit the information to the monitoring station through multi-hop. When receiving the fire alarm of other monitoring points, immediately transmitting the fire alarm to the next monitoring point, after transmitting, needing to receive the feedback confirmation information soon, if not, needing to transmit again, and sending to the alternative path.
Jump times records are set in the information, and if the monitoring point is within five jumps, the wind speed, the wind direction and the temperature and humidity information of the monitoring point are required to be added into the information so as to be comprehensively judged by the monitoring station, and the judgment result is more accurate.
(D) Erection of monitoring points: the monitoring point detection equipment is supported by two forms, namely a vertical rod and an aerostat, the aerostat in the embodiment is a floating air ball, the height of the vertical rod is set to be about 3 meters, the height of the floating air ball is set to be different from dozens of meters to dozens of meters according to actual conditions, the distance between monitoring points in the embodiment is 700 meters, and the floating air ball is arranged on two vertical rods at intervals, so that a three-dimensional detection net matched in height is formed.
2) Monitoring station
The monitoring station comprises the following basic components:
(A) unmanned aerial vehicle system: every monitoring station is equipped with seven unmanned aerial vehicles in this embodiment, and unmanned aerial vehicle divide into two kinds: monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and relay unmanned aerial vehicle. The monitoring drone is configured to: the method is characterized in that a small visible light camera and an infrared detector are equipped, the shooting distance of the camera is 500 meters, the resolution is 720p, the detection distance of the infrared detector is 500 meters, 2M bandwidth wireless ad hoc network communication equipment has the maximum wireless transmission distance of 10 kilometers (about 1.5W of power) under a visible condition, and the cruising ability is 2 hours under the continuous shooting state of the visible light camera. The number of the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicles is 3; the communication equipment that relay unmanned aerial vehicle was equipped with is unanimous with control unmanned aerial vehicle, and the quantity of being equipped with is 4. The false alarm (false alarm) will exist in the alarm, the false alarm of the forest fire alarm is reduced to the minimum as far as possible, the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle in the embodiment rechecks the fire alarm by utilizing the visible light camera and the infrared detector at a short distance (the distance can be adjusted between 500 meters and 80 meters according to actual needs), the fire condition can be accurately confirmed, the false alarm is basically avoided, meanwhile, the alarm threshold is greatly reduced, and the missing alarm is greatly reduced.
(B) The control system comprises: the work management of the whole monitoring station is completed, and the information of the monitoring point is received and processed in real time; when receiving the monitoring ignition warning information, sending a working command and position information to the unmanned aerial vehicle, and receiving the information of the unmanned aerial vehicle and a real-time video; after receiving accurate fire alarm information of the unmanned aerial vehicle, immediately sending a fire alarm to a command center, simultaneously uploading a real-time video of a fire area to the command center, monitoring the electric quantity of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to alternately work; when there is no fire alarm, the management information of the area is periodically sent to the command center, and various commands of the command center are received and analyzed and executed.
(C) The wireless transmission system comprises: the information transmission between each monitoring point is narrow-band transmission, the information of each monitoring point is received, and a working command is sent to each monitoring point; the information transmission with the unmanned aerial vehicle is wireless broadband ad hoc network communication, commands and position information are sent to the unmanned aerial vehicle, and monitoring information of the unmanned aerial vehicle is received; the information transmission between the monitoring station and the command center is mainly public network, the information transmission between the monitoring station and the command center is carried out to the position with the public network in a remote area by adopting a wireless relay and then transmitted to the command center through the public network, and the information transmission between the monitoring station and the command center in the embodiment is 4G public network.
(D) A power supply system: the solar monitoring station comprises a solar cell panel group and a storage battery group, and can provide power for the whole monitoring station.
Basic work description of the monitoring station:
(A) the unmanned aerial vehicle is managed in a full-automatic control mode, is automatically charged, and automatically flies to a specified position to execute corresponding work after receiving a command. The communication of the unmanned aerial vehicle is a wireless broadband ad hoc network, multi-hop can be realized to increase the transmission distance, as shown in fig. 2, the working schematic diagram of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the embodiment of the invention when monitoring the maximum distance is shown, according to the fact that the management area of the monitoring station is 1250 square kilometers, the monitoring station is at the center of the management area, the maximum monitoring distance is 25 kilometers, the rated distance of wireless transmission of a single unmanned aerial vehicle in the embodiment is 10 kilometers, the actual wireless transmission distance of the unmanned aerial vehicle in fig. 2 is set to be 9 kilometers, the purpose is to enable the system reliability to be higher, the radius of the search area of the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle is 1 kilometer, and 1 monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and 2.
(B) The monitoring station carries out real-time comprehensive processing on received monitoring point information, when a fire alarm is determined, the basic position and the area of the fire alarm are calculated according to the information of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity and the like, the number (0-2) of the relay unmanned aerial vehicles is determined according to the distance from the fire alarm area to the monitoring station, the command and the position and the area information are immediately sent to an unmanned aerial vehicle system, 1 monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and 0-2 relay unmanned aerial vehicles take off in sequence according to given time intervals, the first monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle rapidly flies to the fire alarm area, the fire alarm area is searched and rechecked and confirmed by utilizing an onboard visible light camera and an infrared detector, the relay unmanned aerial vehicles serve as information relays to form a communication link, when the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicles confirm the fire, the monitoring station immediately alarms, and meanwhile, the field real-time video is also transmitted to the monitoring station.
The unmanned aerial vehicle electric quantity information that is working also sends in real time for the monitoring station, and the monitoring station calculates unmanned aerial vehicle operating time according to electric quantity and distance, when the discovery has the unmanned aerial vehicle that the electric quantity is not enough, and the monitoring station will be full of the unmanned aerial vehicle sending command of the same type of charging to another in the station, and this unmanned aerial vehicle flies away to the appointed place immediately, takes over the unmanned aerial vehicle that the electric quantity is not enough, and the unmanned aerial vehicle that the electric quantity is not enough flies back to the monitoring station, and the automatic charging position that gets into carries out quick charge (charges.
After receiving the fire alarm confirmation information sent by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the monitoring station immediately sends a fire alarm, fire position information and the like to the command center, and one-way real-time video of a fire scene is also simultaneously sent to the command center.
(C) When no fire alarm exists, the monitoring station receives the information of all monitoring points in the management area once a day, arranges the information of all monitoring points and sends the information of all monitoring points and all information of the monitoring station to the command center.
(D) The monitoring station needs to perform monitoring station equipment self-check periodically, and a self-check result is reported to a command center; and receiving commands of the command center, and analyzing and executing the commands.
The monitoring station judges the monitoring ignition warning information:
the alarm level of the smoke detector at the monitoring point is four levels, namely no smoke, low-level smoke, middle-level smoke and high-level smoke, and the monitoring station judges whether the monitoring ignition alarm information is effective or not, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) if any monitoring point sends out a high-level smoke alarm, the fire alarm information is judged to be effective; (2) if any two monitoring point detectors (or more than two monitoring point detectors) send out low-level or medium-level smoke alarms in a preset area (the description of the preset area is described in the following description), the fire alarm information is judged to be effective. And when the ignition monitoring alarm information is judged to be effective, sending a command to the unmanned aerial vehicle for fire alarm rechecking. The fire alarm rechecking threshold is lower, the false alarm probability is greatly reduced, and if the false alarm is detected, the loss is very small, namely, the unmanned aerial vehicle set only flies once.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a monitoring area according to an embodiment of the present invention is set, where circles represent monitoring points, and if a monitoring point a issues a low-level or medium-level smoke alarm, and the monitoring point a is centered in a marked (X in the circle), and at least one monitoring point (B) also issues a low-level or medium-level smoke alarm, it is determined that the fire alarm information of the monitoring point is valid. The overall discriminant relationship is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
3) Command center
When no fire alarm exists, the monitoring station uploads the information of the area to the command center every day, the command center can send commands to the monitoring station at any time, real-time video monitoring and checking of any area are achieved by the unmanned aerial vehicle system of the monitoring station, and comprehensive analysis, processing and storage, information display and query and the like are conducted on all information in the management area.
When receiving fire alarm, the command center can receive a real-time video of a fire scene, can see the situation of the fire scene in the first time, and can command a scene unmanned aerial vehicle to check a specific area; the command center dispatches the fire rescue work, can command peripheral monitoring station unmanned aerial vehicle system simultaneously, look over peripheral region condition, road condition, provide the biggest help for the fire rescue, shorten the relief time.
4) Effects of the implementation
In the embodiment, after the monitoring point finds a fire alarm, information is transmitted to the monitoring station through multiple hops, and the maximum transmission time is two and a half (150 seconds); the monitoring station receives the information and then sends a command, position and area information to the unmanned aerial vehicle system, the maximum flight distance of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 24 kilometers, the radius of a search area is 1 kilometer, namely, the unmanned aerial vehicle flies to 24 kilometers and starts to search and review, so that the farthest distance can be covered by 25 kilometers, the speed per hour of the unmanned aerial vehicle is set to 72km/h, and the flight time is 20 minutes; the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle utilizes the visible light camera and the infrared detector to carry out fire hazard recheck, the range of the radius of 1 kilometer is set in a recheck area, and the time of rotating for two weeks by the radius of 0.5 kilometer is 5.2 minutes.
By combining the above time, after the smoke detection equipment at the monitoring point sends out a fire alarm, the work of rechecking and confirming the fire alarm and the like can be completed within 30 minutes, an alarm is given to the command center, and the real-time video of the fire scene is simultaneously transmitted to the command center.
Therefore, the monitoring system formed by the monitoring points, the monitoring station and the command center can effectively monitor the fire condition of the forest grassland, the fire information is judged by the monitoring station to further determine whether the fire information is effective, and after the fire information is determined to be effective, the fire information is rechecked by the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the alarm threshold can be effectively reduced, the missed alarm is greatly reduced, the monitoring system can confirm the fire condition in a short time, and the practicability is good.
Claims (8)
1. A forest and grassland fire monitoring system is characterized by comprising:
the monitoring point is used for detecting fire alarm information;
the monitoring station is used for carrying out fire hazard reexamination on the fire alarm information detected by the monitoring point;
and a command center for controlling the monitoring station;
the monitoring point sends the detected fire alarm information to the monitoring station in a multi-hop transmission mode, and the monitoring station and the command center adopt a public network for information transmission.
2. The forest and grassland fire monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring points detect smoke conditions in the covered area at preset time intervals, when smoke is detected, the monitoring points perform smoke recheck on the covered area to determine the smoke level, and after the smoke level is determined, the detected fire alarm information with the smoke level is sent to the monitoring station at the highest level.
3. The forest and grassland fire monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring station comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle system, a control system, a wireless transmission system and a power supply system for supplying power to each system; the control system judges the fire alarm information, if the fire alarm information is effective, the control system controls the unmanned aerial vehicle system to carry out fire alarm recheck, the unmanned aerial vehicle system confirms that the fire alarm sends the field fire information to the control system through the wireless transmission system, and the control system sends the received field fire information to the command center through the wireless transmission system.
4. The forest and grassland fire monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle system comprises a monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and a relay unmanned aerial vehicle, and the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with a visible light camera and an infrared detector for fire alarm review confirmation; the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and the relay unmanned aerial vehicle are both provided with wireless broadband ad hoc network communication equipment, and the relay unmanned aerial vehicle serves as an information relay to form a communication link.
5. The forest and grassland fire monitoring system according to claim 3, wherein when the control system determines the fire alarm information, the system specifically comprises: if any monitoring point sends out advanced smoke alarm, the fire alarm information is judged to be effective; and if at least two monitoring points send out low-level or medium-level smoke alarms in the preset area, judging that the fire alarm information is effective.
6. The forest and grassland fire monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring points are erected with vertical poles and aerostats to form a solid detection net.
7. The forest and grassland fire monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring points comprise a smoke detection device for monitoring smoke, a wind speed and direction detection device for monitoring wind speed and direction, a temperature and humidity detection device for monitoring temperature and humidity, a narrow-band wireless transmission module for transmitting information, a GPS positioning module for positioning, a power supply module for supplying power to each module, and a main control module for controlling each module to work.
8. The forest and grassland fire monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the spacing between the monitoring points is 300-1500 meters, and a narrow-band transmission technology is adopted between the monitoring points.
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| CN113362553A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-07 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Grassland fire monitoring and early warning method and device based on multi-source heterogeneous data |
| CN113815892A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2021-12-21 | 四川安信科创科技有限公司 | Maintenance system and method for forest fire detection unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN114143123A (en) * | 2021-11-28 | 2022-03-04 | 特斯联科技集团有限公司 | Passive wireless network for forest grassland |
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