CN112014812A - Phase-controlled gust profile radar calibration system and method - Google Patents
Phase-controlled gust profile radar calibration system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a phase-controlled gust profile radar calibration system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the wind measuring system comprises a control module, a calibration module, a wind measuring module, a display module and a phase compensation module; the control module is used for acquiring the calibration requirement information and generating a control instruction according to the calibration requirement information; the calibration module is used for receiving the control instruction, generating a corresponding test signal and sending the test signal to the wind measuring module so as to test a receiving channel or a transmitting channel of the radar and generate a corresponding calibration result; the display module is used for displaying the calibration result; the control module is also used for determining phase compensation quantity according to the calibration result and generating corresponding compensation codes; the phase compensation module is used for performing phase compensation on the wind measuring module according to the compensation code; and the wind measuring module is used for executing a corresponding calibration process according to the control command and the test signal. The invention enhances the automatic detection capability of the phased array wind profile radar, improves the transceiving performance and maintainability, and reduces the system maintenance and detection cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radar calibration, in particular to a phase-control gust profile radar calibration system and method.
Background
The wind profile radar is an atmospheric remote sensing device which takes atmospheric turbulence as a tracer and can provide atmospheric three-dimensional wind field information with a certain space-time resolution. The antennas of the phased array wind profile radar are formed in an array mode, and the rapid formation and directional deflection of radar beams can be achieved by controlling phases. Under the condition of long-time continuous work of the phased array wind profile radar, important indexes need to be detected and relevant compensation is carried out to guarantee stability and reliability of the radar.
In the prior art, the phased array wind profile radar can generally realize real-time online monitoring of simple performance parameters such as temperature, standing wave, voltage, power and the like, but the monitoring information is not enough to completely evaluate the overall operation state of the wind profile radar, so that a manual testing means is also generally adopted regularly, a signal source, a frequency spectrograph, an oscilloscope, a power meter and other instruments are used for testing the related performance index parameters of the wind profile radar, and the stability and reliability of the radar are evaluated according to the test result of the property index.
However, because each test instrument is limited in function, if a complete performance evaluation result of the phased array wind profile radar is to be obtained, a large number of different types of test instruments are required to be used for testing related performance indexes, and the operation flow is complex. Therefore, an equipment which can simplify the operation process and realize the automatic calibration of the phased array wind profile radar is urgently needed, and the equipment has important significance for improving the detection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a phase-control gust profile radar calibration system and method, aiming at overcoming the defects that the radar performance detection operation flow is complex and the detection efficiency is low in the prior art.
The present application provides in a first aspect a phased gust profile radar calibration system, the system comprising: the wind measuring system comprises a control module, a calibration module, a wind measuring module, a display module and a phase compensation module;
the control module is used for acquiring calibration requirement information and sending a control instruction to the calibration module according to the calibration requirement information;
the calibration module is used for receiving the control instruction, generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, sending the test signal to the wind measuring module so as to test the performance of a receiving channel and a transmitting channel of the radar, generating a test result, generating a corresponding calibration result according to the test result, and sending the calibration result to the display module;
the display module is used for displaying the calibration result;
the control module is also used for determining a phase compensation quantity according to the calibration result and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation quantity;
the phase compensation module is used for performing phase compensation on the receiving channel and the transmitting channel according to the compensation code;
and the wind measuring module is used for executing a corresponding calibration process according to the control command and the test signal.
Optionally, the calibration module includes:
the plurality of attenuators specifically comprise a program control attenuator and a plurality of fixed attenuators, and are used for attenuating the power of the acquired test signal according to a preset attenuation rule.
Optionally, the calibration module further includes:
the single-pole double-throw switches are used for gating the corresponding test channels and the corresponding attenuators according to the control instructions; the test channel comprises a receiving channel of the radar, a transmitting channel of the radar and a test channel preset in the calibration module.
Optionally, the calibration module further includes:
the noise source is used for generating a noise signal with preset amplitude.
Optionally, the calibration requirement information includes a calibration type, where the calibration type includes: the method comprises the following steps of noise coefficient, wind speed and wind direction, radar receiving system dynamic range, sensitivity, transmitting power, transmitting channel amplitude consistency, transmitting channel phase consistency, receiving channel amplitude consistency, receiving channel phase consistency and radar system coherence.
Optionally, the control module is specifically configured to generate a corresponding control instruction according to at least one calibration type.
Optionally, when the calibration types are transmit channel phase consistency calibration and receive channel phase consistency calibration, the control module is further specifically configured to calculate a difference between the calibration result and a reference value; judging whether the difference value is larger than a preset threshold value or not; and when the difference value is larger than the preset threshold value, determining the phase compensation amount according to the difference value, and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation amount.
Optionally, the calibration module includes:
and the frequency generation component is used for receiving the control instruction of the control module and generating a test signal with a preset frequency according to the control instruction.
Optionally, the calibration module further includes:
and the one-out-of-multiple switch is used for gating the corresponding receiving channel or the corresponding transmitting channel as a test channel according to the control instruction, and is a one-out-of-multiple switch in a single-stage form or a one-out-of-multiple switch in a multi-stage cascade form.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for calibrating a phased gust profile radar, the method comprising:
acquiring a calibration requirement;
generating a corresponding control instruction according to the calibration requirement;
generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, testing the performance of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel of the radar according to the test signal, and generating a test result;
generating a corresponding calibration result according to the test result, displaying the calibration result, determining a phase compensation quantity according to the calibration result, and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation quantity;
and carrying out corresponding phase compensation according to the compensation code.
Optionally, the generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction includes: and carrying out attenuation processing on the power of the acquired test signal according to a preset attenuation rule.
Optionally, the attenuating the power of the obtained test signal according to a preset attenuation rule includes:
gating the corresponding test channel and the corresponding attenuator according to the control instruction; the test channel comprises a receiving channel of the radar, a transmitting channel of the radar and a preset test channel.
Optionally, the generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction includes:
and generating a noise signal with a preset amplitude.
Optionally, the calibration requirement information includes a calibration type, where the calibration type includes: the method comprises the following steps of noise coefficient, wind speed and wind direction, radar receiving system dynamic range, sensitivity, transmitting power, transmitting channel amplitude consistency, transmitting channel phase consistency, receiving channel amplitude consistency, receiving channel phase consistency and radar system coherence.
Optionally, the generating a corresponding control instruction according to the calibration requirement includes: and generating a corresponding control command according to at least one calibration type.
Optionally, when the calibration types are transmit channel phase consistency calibration and receive channel phase consistency calibration, the generating a corresponding control instruction according to the calibration requirement includes:
calculating a difference between the calibration result and a reference value; judging whether the difference value is larger than a preset threshold value or not; and when the difference value is larger than the preset threshold value, determining the phase compensation amount according to the difference value, and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation amount.
Optionally, the generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction includes:
and receiving the control instruction, and generating a test signal with a preset frequency according to the control instruction.
Optionally, the generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction further includes:
and according to the control instruction, gating a corresponding receiving channel or a corresponding transmitting channel as a test channel, wherein the one-from-multiple switch is a single-stage one-from-multiple switch or a multi-stage cascade connection type one-from-multiple switch.
This application technical scheme has following advantage:
the application provides a phased gust profile radar calibration system and method, and the system comprises: the wind measuring system comprises a control module, a calibration module, a wind measuring module, a display module and a phase compensation module; the control module is used for acquiring the calibration requirement information and sending a control instruction to the calibration module according to the calibration requirement information; the calibration module is used for receiving the control instruction, generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, and sending the test signal to the wind measuring module so as to test the performance of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel of the wind measuring module and generate a test result; generating a corresponding calibration result according to the test result, and sending the calibration result to a display module; the display module is used for displaying the calibration result; the control module is also used for determining phase compensation quantity according to the calibration result and generating corresponding compensation codes according to the phase compensation quantity; the phase compensation module is used for performing phase compensation on the wind measuring module according to the compensation code; and the wind measuring module is used for executing a corresponding calibration process according to the control command and the test signal. The system provided by the scheme can periodically acquire various calibration results of the phased array wind profile radar, detect the performance of the phased array wind profile radar according to the acquired calibration results, and simultaneously perform corresponding phase compensation on the transmitting and receiving channel of the phased array wind profile radar according to the calibration results so as to improve the performance of the phased array wind profile radar. The technical scheme enhances the automatic detection capability of the phased array wind profile radar, improves the transceiving performance and maintainability, and reduces the system maintenance and detection cost.
The application provides a pair of phase-control gust profile radar calibration system has realized wind profile radar anemometry mode and the automatic switch of demarcation mode, and the calibration process can be accomplished automatically, need not any software and hardware equipment outside the wind profile radar system, and is automatic strong, convenient and fast.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase-controlled gust profile radar calibration system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another phased gust profile radar calibration system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary attenuator provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary phased array wind profile radar calibration system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary one-of-30 switch provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary calibration module provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a phased gust profile radar calibration method provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the prior art, the phased array wind profile radar can generally realize real-time online monitoring of simple performance parameters such as temperature, standing wave, voltage, power and the like, but the monitoring information is not enough to completely evaluate the overall operation state of the wind profile radar, so that a manual testing means is also generally adopted regularly, a signal source, a frequency spectrograph, an oscilloscope, a power meter and other instruments are used for testing the related performance index parameters of the wind profile radar, and the stability and reliability of the radar are evaluated according to the test result of the property index.
However, because each test instrument is limited in function, if a complete performance evaluation result of the phased array wind profile radar is to be obtained, a large number of different types of test instruments are required to be used for testing related performance indexes, and the operation flow is complex.
In view of the above problems, the phased gust profile radar calibration system and method provided in the embodiments of the present application include: the wind measuring system comprises a control module, a calibration module, a wind measuring module, a display module and a phase compensation module; the control module is used for acquiring the calibration requirement information and sending a control instruction to the calibration module according to the calibration requirement information; the calibration module is used for receiving the control instruction, generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, and sending the test signal to the wind measuring module so as to test the performance of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel of the wind measuring module and generate a test result; generating a corresponding calibration result according to the test result, and sending the calibration result to a display module; the display module is used for displaying the calibration result; the control module is also used for determining phase compensation quantity according to the calibration result and generating corresponding compensation codes according to the phase compensation quantity; the phase compensation module is used for performing phase compensation on the wind measuring module according to the compensation code; and the wind measuring module is used for executing a corresponding calibration process according to the control command and the test signal. The system provided by the scheme can periodically acquire various calibration results of the phased array wind profile radar, detect the performance of the phased array wind profile radar according to the acquired calibration results, and simultaneously perform corresponding phase compensation on the transmitting and receiving channel of the phased array wind profile radar according to the calibration results so as to improve the performance of the phased array wind profile radar. The technical scheme enhances the automatic detection capability of the phased array wind profile radar, improves the transceiving performance and maintainability, and reduces the system maintenance and detection cost.
The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the application provides a phase-control gust profile radar calibration system, which is used for solving the technical problems that the operation flow of radar performance detection in the prior art is complex and the detection efficiency is low. The phased array wind profile radar comprises a phased array antenna, a receiving channel, a transmitting channel, a control and display assembly, a power supply assembly and the like, and is represented as a wind measuring module as a whole.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a phased gust profile radar calibration system provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the phased gust profile radar calibration system 10 includes: the system comprises a control module 101, a calibration module 102, a phase compensation module 103, a wind measurement module 104 and a display module 105; the calibration module 102 is connected with the anemometry module 104 through the phase compensation module 103, and the calibration module 102 is also connected with the anemometry module 104 through the phase compensation module 103;
the control module 101 is configured to obtain calibration requirement information, and send a control instruction to the calibration module 102 according to the calibration requirement information; the calibration module 102 is configured to generate a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, and send the test signal to the anemometry module, so as to test the performance of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel of the radar and generate a test result; generating a corresponding calibration result according to the test result, and sending the calibration result to the display module 105 and the control module 101; the display module 105 is used for displaying the calibration result; the control module 101 is further configured to determine a phase compensation amount according to the calibration result, and generate a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation amount; the phase compensation module 103 is used for performing phase compensation on the wind measuring module 104 according to the compensation code; the anemometry module 104 is configured to execute a corresponding calibration process according to the control command and the test signal.
It should be explained that the phased array wind profile radar calibration system 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application changes the phased array wind profile radar from the wind measuring operation mode to the calibration mode before performing the relevant calibration operation. The test signal is a sinusoidal signal with a preset frequency and a preset amplitude generated by the calibration module 102 based on the calibration requirement information. Specifically, the test signal is sent back to the calibration module 102 through the wind measuring module and the test channel under the control of the control module 101, and the calibration module 102 performs corresponding data processing on the test result sent back to generate a corresponding calibration result and outputs and displays the calibration result through the display module 105.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the calibration requirement information includes a calibration type; wherein the calibration types include: the method comprises the following steps of noise coefficient, wind speed and wind direction, radar receiving system dynamic range, sensitivity, transmitting power, transmitting channel amplitude consistency, transmitting channel phase consistency, receiving channel amplitude consistency, receiving channel phase consistency and radar system coherence.
Further, the control module 101 is specifically configured to generate a corresponding control command according to at least one calibration type.
It should be further noted that when the number of calibration types determined according to the control command is greater than 1, the system operates each calibration type separately in sequence until the calibration process of all calibration types is completed.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in order to enable the phased array wind profile radar calibration system 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application to satisfy multiple calibration types, as shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of another phased array wind profile radar calibration system provided in the embodiment of the present application, as an implementable manner, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, in an embodiment, the calibration module 102 includes: the attenuators 1021 specifically include a program-controlled attenuator and a plurality of fixed attenuators, and are configured to perform attenuation processing on the power of the acquired test signal according to a preset attenuation rule.
Further, the calibration module 102 further includes: and the multiple single-pole double-throw switches 1022 are used for gating the corresponding test channels and the corresponding attenuators according to the control command.
The test channel comprises a receiving channel of the radar, a transmitting channel of the radar and a test channel preset in the calibration module.
Specifically, the selection of signal sources and outgoing paths and the selection of attenuation can be accomplished through a plurality of single-pole double-throw switches 1022, so that switching between different calibration processes is realized.
Further, the calibration module 102 further includes: and the one-out-of-multiple switch 1025 is used for gating the corresponding receiving channel or the corresponding transmitting channel as a testing channel according to the control instruction, wherein the one-out-of-multiple switch is a one-out-of-multiple switch in a single-stage form or a one-out-of-multiple switch in a multi-stage cascade form.
Specifically, the one-out-of-multiple switch 1025 can be used for realizing the unidirectional signal transmission of the calibration module 102 and the anemometry module 104 based on the designated receiving link and the designated transmitting link. The calibration module 102 receives the coupling test signal from the designated T module through the one-out-of-multiple switch, or sends the processed test signal to the designated R module through the one-out-of-multiple switch.
Further, the calibration module 102 further includes: and a noise source 1023 for generating a noise signal of a preset amplitude.
For example, if it is determined that the type of calibration to be performed is a noise coefficient, the noise coefficient may be calibrated by using a Y factor method. Specifically, the calibration process includes:
in step SA1, the output terminal of the noise source 1023 in the calibration module 102 is connected to the receiving channel of the wind measuring module 104 gated by the current control module 101, and under the condition that the noise source 1023 is not powered on, the noise temperature T of the noise source 1023 at this time is obtainedoffAnd the noise power P of the receiving channeloff；
Step SA2, power-up processing is performed on the noise source 1023 to obtain the noise temperature T of the noise source 1023 under the power-up conditiononAnd the noise power P of the receiving channelon；
Step SA3, according to the obtained noise power P of the noise source 1023 under non-power-on conditionoffNoise power P of noise source 1023 under power-up conditiononAnd the noiseDetermining the noise coefficient F of the current receiving channel by the delivery parameter of the sound source 1023, the over-noise ratio ENRn；
Step SA4, recording the equivalent noise temperature of the current receiving channel as TrThe receiving bandwidth is B, the receiving channel gain is G, the Boltzmann constant is K, and the input signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving channel is SNRinOutput signal-to-noise ratio is SNRoutThen there are:
Poff＝K(Toff+Tr)BG
Pon＝K(Ton+Tr)BG
ultra-noise ratio:
noise coefficient:
thus, the noise factor F is simplified by the above 4 equationsnCan be composed of Poff、PonAnd ENR is represented as:
step SA5, and so on, by changing the receiving channels and sequentially performing the above operations on each receiving channel until the noise coefficient calibration of all receiving channels is completed, that is, calibration data with the type of the marker being the noise coefficient is generated.
Further, the calibration module 102 further includes a frequency generating component 1024, configured to receive a control instruction of the control module, and generate a test signal with a preset frequency according to the control instruction.
Specifically, the frequency generation component 1024 can generate the sine wave test signal with the preset amplitude and frequency according to at least one calibration type.
For example, if it is determined that the type of calibration to be performed is wind speed and wind direction, the calibration process includes the following steps:
step SB1, controlling the frequency generation component 1024, the one-out-of-many switch 1025 and the attenuators 1021 in the wind measurement module 104, and outputting a signal with the frequency of a certain frequency offset and the strength of-90 dBm to the link to be detected of the wind measurement module 104 to obtain the corresponding radial speed;
step SB2, changing the beam direction, and repeatedly acquiring the radial speed pointed by 5 beams in total, namely the middle beam, the front beam, the right beam, the rear beam and the left beam, until all the beams of the wind profile radar complete the radial speed test;
step SB3, the wind speed and wind direction are calculated from the radial velocity of each beam, the generated calculation result is sent to the control module 101, and the comparison result is compared with the theoretical values of the wind speed and wind direction and recorded.
For example, if it is determined that the types of calibration to be performed are the system dynamic range and the sensitivity, respectively, the calibration process includes the following steps:
step SC1, controlling a frequency generation component 1024, at least one group of one-out-of-multiple switches and at least one group of attenuators 1021 in the calibration module, generating a signal with certain frequency offset and strength of-50 dBm, and inputting the signal into a link to be detected of the anemometry module 104; wherein, the set of attenuators may include a program controlled attenuator and a plurality of fixed attenuators;
step SC2, radar identifies and records Doppler frequency deviation and signal intensity, and records the frequency deviation of input signal and the identified Doppler frequency deviation as f1And f2Noting that the input signal strength and the recognized signal strength are respectively P1And P2Calculating and recording f1And f2The difference Δ f of (d);
step SC3, repeating the above steps to obtain P5 times (preset times)1、P2And Δ f, the average values of which are calculated in order
And
and step SC4, judging whether the system sensitivity is obtained by testing according to the calculation result.
In particular, if
Does not exceed the preset value f0Controlling the attenuation of the attenuator to increase by 1dB each time so as to reduce the signal input into the link to be detected by 1dB, and repeatedly acquiring
And
and will be
With a predetermined value f0Judging again until
Out of a predetermined value f0At this time, the signal power of the previous input
Is denoted by PminIs the sensitivity of the system;
step SC5, according to each obtained
And
drawing an input/output curve, making a fitted straight line by using a least square method according to the middle section of the curve, comparing the input/output curve with the fitted straight line, finding out compression points with a difference of 1dB up and down, and at the moment, correspondingly
Is denoted by PmaxThat is, the maximum unsaturated input power, will PmaxAnd PminThe difference is the dynamic range of the radar system.
For example, if it is determined that the types of calibration to be performed are the consistency of the transmitting power and the amplitude of the transmitting channel, and a phased array wind profile radar including 30 transceiving channels is taken as an example, the calibration process includes the following steps:
step SD1 takes the i-th path of emission channel as the current channel to be detected, controls the frequency generation component and at least one group of one-out-of-multiple switches 1025 therein, the frequency generation component 1024 generates the excitation test signal with preset amplitude and certain frequency offset, and inputs the excitation test signal into the i-th path of emission channel;
step SD2, the coupling signal output from the output end of the i-th transmission channel is attenuated by at least one set of attenuators 1021 and then input to the current reception channel;
step SD3, the attenuated coupling signal is correspondingly processed by the control module 101, and the attenuation and gain are corrected to obtain the transmission power of the i-th transmission channel;
and step SD4, keeping the appointed receiving channel unchanged, sequentially using other transmitting channels as links to be detected until 30 transmitting channels (i is 1-30) transmitting power are obtained, and simultaneously summing the transmitting power of the 30 transmitting channels to obtain the total transmitting power of the wind profile radar.
For example, if it is determined that the type of calibration to be performed is transmit channel phase consistency, taking a phased array wind profile radar including 30 transmit-receive channels as an example, the calibration process includes the following steps:
the SE1 is used for taking the ith transmitting channel as the current channel to be detected, controlling the frequency generating component 1024 and at least one group of one-out-of-multiple switches 1025 in the ith transmitting channel to generate an excitation test signal with preset amplitude and certain frequency offset, inputting the excitation test signal into the ith transmitting channel, and simultaneously recording the initial phase of the excitation signal;
SE2, attenuating the coupled signal at the output end of the current transmission channel by at least one set of attenuators 1021, and inputting the attenuated signal to the preselected reception channel;
SE3, connecting the output signal of the current receiving channel to a receiver, calculating the phase by an IQ phase angle method, and subtracting the initial phase of the excitation signal to obtain the phase difference of the current transmitting channel;
SE4, keeping the preselected receiving channel unchanged, sequentially changing other transmitting channels as the channels to be detected, repeatedly measuring the phase difference corresponding to the channels to be detected until all 30 transmitting channels are tested once, and recording as theta1,θ2,…,θ30(ii) a Respectively calculating the difference value between the phase difference of each transmitting channel and the phase differences of other channels, and recording:
wherein, i is 1 to 30, j is 1 to 30, and a transmitting channel phase consistency matrix is obtained:
wherein n is 30;
and SE5, counting the number of positive numbers and negative numbers of each row of the matrix, and taking the row with the number of the positive numbers and the negative numbers equal to or closest to the equal number as a phase consistency calibration result of the transmitting channel.
For example, if it is determined that the type of calibration to be performed is receiving channel amplitude consistency, taking a phased array wind profile radar including 30 transceiving channels as an example, the calibration process includes the following steps:
SF1, using the i-th receiving channel as the channel to be detected, controlling the frequency generation component 1024, at least one group of one-out-of-many switches 1025 and at least one attenuator 1021 in the channel to generate a signal with certain frequency offset and strength of-50 dBm, and inputting the signal into the i-th receiving channel; as shown in fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary attenuator provided in the embodiments of the present application is suitable for attenuation control in a range of 0dB to 100 dB.
SF2, based on control module 101 and anemometry module 104, identifying Doppler frequency offset and signal strength, calculating the difference between the identified signal strength and input signal strength as current receiving channel gain;
SF3, changing other receiving channels as testing channels in sequence, repeating the measurement of current receiving channel gain until all 30 receiving channel gains are obtained, and recording as G1,G2,…,G30And as the result of amplitude consistency calibration of the receiving channel.
For example, if it is determined that the type of calibration to be performed is receiving channel phase consistency, taking a phased array wind profile radar including 30 transceiving channels as an example, the calibration process includes the following steps:
SG1, controlling the frequency generation component 1024, at least one multi-selection switch 1025 and at least one attenuator 1021 in the ith receiving channel, generating a signal with certain frequency offset and intensity of-50 dBm, inputting the signal into the ith receiving channel (testing channel), and recording the initial phase of the signal;
SG2, calculating the signal phase by IQ phase angle method, and subtracting the signal phase generated by the built-in frequency generating component to obtain the phase difference;
SG3, change other receiving channels as waiting to detect the link in order, repeat with built-in frequency generation subassembly production signal as the reference object, wait to detect the link output signal and carry out the phase discrimination, until obtaining all receiving channel phase discrimination phase, note as and wait to detect the link
SG4, calculating the difference between each received channel phase to the remaining channel phases, respectively:
wherein, i is 1 to 30, j is 1 to 30, and a receiving channel phase consistency matrix is obtained:
wherein n is 30;
SG5, counting the number of positive numbers and negative numbers of each row of the matrix, and taking the row with the number of the positive numbers and the negative numbers equal or closest to equal as the phase consistency calibration result of the receiving channel:
for example, if it is determined that the type of calibration to be performed is the coherence of the radar, the calibration process includes the following steps:
SH1, controlling its internal frequency generation component 1024 and at least one group of one-out-of-many switches 1025, generating excitation test signal with certain frequency deviation, and inputting it to the gated emission channel;
SH2, the coupled signal at the output end of the current transmitting channel is attenuated by at least one group of attenuators 1021 and then input to the preselected receiving channel;
SH3, performing down-conversion and digital orthogonal transformation on the test signal through the current receiving channel to form a I, Q signal;
SH4, sampling the I, Q signal for multiple times, calculating the signal phase, comparing the calculated signal phase with the DDS output phase, and representing the phase noise of the signal by the root mean square error;
SH5, repeatedly measuring 10 times (preset times) of phase noise, and taking the average value of the phase noise obtained by 10 times of tests as the coherent calibration result of the radar.
On the basis of the above embodiments, in order to improve the beam directivity of the wind profile radar antenna and further improve the transceiving performance of the wind profile radar, after the phase consistency calibration process of the receiving channel or the phase consistency calibration process of the transmitting channel is completed, the phase adjustment of the transceiving channel may be performed by the phase compensation module 103.
Specifically, in an embodiment, when the calibration type is a transmit channel phase consistency calibration and a receive channel phase consistency calibration, the control module 101 is specifically configured to calculate a difference between the calibration result and a reference value; judging whether the difference value is larger than a preset threshold value or not; and when the difference value is larger than the preset threshold value, determining the phase compensation amount according to the difference value, and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation amount.
For example, if the calibration type is receiving channel phase consistency, which includes 30 receiving channels, and the corresponding calibration result is:
wherein, the front 3 paths and the back 3 paths are nonzero, the middle 24 paths are zero, and the front 3 paths and the back 3 paths of receiving channels need to be subjected to phase compensation; generating a corresponding phase compensation code expressed in binary form and transmitting the phase compensation code to each receiving channel:
(1) in the 1 st path, the compensation amount is 15 degrees, the corresponding compensation code is 01111, the most significant bit of the compensation code is the sign bit, and 0 is positive;
(2) in the 2 nd path, the compensation amount is 10 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 01010;
(3) in the 3 rd path, the compensation amount is-10 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 11010 degrees;
(4) the compensation amount is 0 degree from the 4 th path to the 27 th path, and the corresponding compensation code is 00000;
(5) path 28, the compensation amount is-5 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 10101;
(6) in the 29 th path, the compensation amount is 10 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 01010;
(7) and in the 30 th path, the compensation amount is-15 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 11111.
Correspondingly, each receiving channel adjusts the internal phase offset according to the phase compensation code, and all the receiving channels form a compensation result with consistent phase; the control module 101 obtains the compensated phase consistency of the receiving channel.
Further, the phase consistency compensation of the transmitting channel comprises the following steps: in the active phased array wind profile radar, before a radio frequency signal is amplified to a phased array antenna through a transmitting assembly, preceding stage amplification, phase shifting and power distribution are generally carried out, in the process, all transmitting channels are divided into 6 groups, the phase of the transmitting channel in each group is always kept consistent, when the radar adopts a vertical directional beam for detection, the phase of the 6 groups is the same, when the radar adopts an inclined directional beam for detection, the phase of the 6 groups is sequentially spaced by 60 degrees, and if the phase of 1 group is 0, the phase distribution of the 6 groups is as follows: 0 degrees, 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees and 300 degrees, and vertical pointing beams are adopted in the calibration process. Dividing the phase consistency calibration result of the transmitting channel into 6 groups by taking 6 channels as intervals, wherein each group corresponds to 1-path preceding stage amplification and phase shift; averaging the phases in each group to obtain 6 average phases which are marked as [10, -10,5, -5,0,0], and eliminating data with obviously overlarge phase difference in the process of averaging the phases; generating a phase compensation code from the 6 average phases:
(1) in the 1 st group of channels, the compensation amount is-10 degrees, the corresponding compensation code is 11010, the most significant bit of the compensation code is the sign bit, and 1 is negative;
(2) in the 2 nd group of channels, the compensation amount is 10 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 01010;
(3) in the 3 rd group of channels, the compensation amount is-5 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 10101;
(4) in the 4 th group of channels, the compensation amount is 5 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 00101;
(5) in the 5 th group of channels, the compensation amount is 0 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 00000;
(6) in the 6 th group of channels, the compensation amount is 0 degrees, and the corresponding compensation code is 00000;
correspondingly, the pre-amplification and phase-shift combination is controlled, the 6 phase-shift channels are respectively adjusted to form compensation results with consistent phases, and the control module 101 obtains the phase consistency condition of the compensated receiving channels. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system 10 provided by the embodiment of the application can perform self-adaptive compensation on the phase of the receiving and transmitting channel, stabilize the radar beam directional diagram, and ensure the radar beam direction and detection power.
Specifically, in one implementation, after completing the corresponding phase compensation, the control module 101 may generate a calibration process report and output the calibration process report through the display module, and convert the radar from the calibration mode to the anemometry mode.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a phased array wind profile radar calibration system provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the phased array wind profile radar calibration system 10 shown in fig. 4 is a specific implementation of the phased array wind profile radar calibration system 10 shown in fig. 1. Which comprises the following steps:
S4A, the receiver, the signal processing and data processing module, and the display and control module 101: and the phase discrimination, the down conversion, the sampling, the analog-to-digital conversion, the time domain processing, the spectrum analysis, the wind measurement product production, the system display and the control of the input signal are completed.
S4B, power distribution network and power combination network: and respectively completing the power distribution of the transmitting path and the power synthesis of the receiving path.
S4C, R module group: the device consists of a plurality of R modules and is responsible for amplifying and shifting the phase of an input echo or a test signal and compensating the phase of a receiving channel. The number of the R modules is equal to that of the T modules, the R modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the T modules in structure and are connected through the circulator to complete directional selection of transmitting and receiving signals, and the conversion between a radar wind measuring working mode and a calibration mode is completed through the single-pole double-throw switch on a hardware interface.
S4D, module T: the system consists of a plurality of T modules and is responsible for amplifying input radio frequency excitation or test signals. The number of the T modules is equal to that of the R modules, the T modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the R modules in structure and are connected through the circulator to complete directional selection of receiving and transmitting signals, and conversion between a radar wind measurement working mode and a calibration mode is completed through the transmitting power output interface and the transmitting power coupling interface on the hardware interface.
S4E, pre-discharge and phase shift combination: and pre-amplifying the excitation signal, dividing the signal 1 into 6 parts, shifting the phase, transmitting the signal to a T module group for subsequent power amplification, and additionally performing a transmission phase compensation function in the recalibration process.
S4F, 1-of-multiple-choice switch 1, 2: in the calibration process, the receiving channel and the transmitting channel are gated respectively, and only one channel is gated at the same time.
S4G, calibration module: a noise source, at least one group of attenuators 1021 and other devices are designed inside, and under the calibration mode, the automatic calibration process of each radar index is completed in a coordinated mode.
S4H, frequency generation component: various frequency signals of the wind profile radar in the wind measuring working state are generated and controlled by a single-pole double-throw switch together with a DDS assembly in a calibration module, when the wind measuring working state is realized, a radio-frequency signal output by a frequency generation assembly is selected as an emission excitation signal, and when the radar is in the calibration state, the DDS assembly is selected to generate a signal with a specific frequency to calibrate the radar parameters.
S4I, phased array antenna: the size is N rows multiplied by N columns, the radiation of radio frequency signals into the atmosphere and the reception of scattered echo signals are completed.
The system 10 can realize the automatic calibration process of the phased array wind profile radar without using any external instrument, reduces the operation and maintenance workload of radar maintenance personnel, enhances the reliability and maintainability of the radar, does not perform specific digital limitation on the scale of the phased array antenna with N rows and N columns and the number of the receiving and transmitting channels, and has expandability because the system 10 has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high reliability and high reliability.
Each R module in the R module group is internally designed with a phase fine tuning function, and can complete phase adjustment in a range of [ -16 °, +15 ° ] with a step of 1 ° by using 5 bits of control information, and the phase fine tuning function can be realized by, but is not limited to, gating microstrip lines of different lengths. The pre-amplification and phase-shifting are combined, a phase fine-tuning function is designed after power division and phase shifting, 5-bit control information can be adopted to complete phase adjustment with the stepping of 1 degree and the range of [ -16 degrees, +15 degrees ], and the phase fine-tuning function can be realized by gating microstrip lines with different lengths. The phase modulation cable of various parameters need be customized to carry out manual adjustment in having avoided traditional phase compensation process, labour saving and time saving has improved phased array wind profile radar maintenance efficiency.
For example, if the scale of the phased array antenna is not greater than 20 rows × 20 columns, and the number of the transceiving channels is not greater than 20, a single multi-selection 1 switch is selected for transceiving channel selection; otherwise, when the scale of the phased array antenna is larger than 20 rows × 20 columns, and the number of the transmitting and receiving channels is larger than 20 at this time, the number of the counting channels is N, and the transmitting and receiving channel selection is completed by adopting a double-layer cascade mode, namely 1P-to-1 switch and P Q-to-1 switches, in consideration of the restriction influence of the physical size of the 1-out-of-multiple switch in the structural design. At this time, it should satisfy: p × Q ═ N. The implementation form of the multi-selection 1 switch is selectively determined according to the number of the receiving and transmitting channels, and the design complexity and the realizability of the physical size are considered.
It should be noted that the transmit chain of the system 10 in fig. 4 is composed of: the method comprises the following steps of frequency generation component, calibration module, pre-amplification and phase-shift combination, power division network, T module group, 1-by-30 switch, calibration module, 1-by-30 switch, R module group, power combination network and receiver.
It should be further noted that the receiving link of the system 10 in fig. 4 is composed of: the calibration module-30 selects 1 switch-R module group-power-on network-receiver.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary 30-out-of-one switch provided in the embodiment of the present application, specifically, a T module group is composed of 30T modules, an R module group is composed of 30R modules, the phased array antenna is in a size of 30 rows × 30 columns, and two groups of 30-out-of-1 switches are respectively implemented by connecting 3 10-out-of-1 switches in parallel and then connecting 1 3-out-of-1 switch in series.
For example, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration module according to an embodiment of the present application, and the calibration module 102 may include an interface control circuit, a noise source 1023, a DDS module, 2 fixed attenuators, 1 program-controlled attenuator, 1 delay line module, 5 single-pole double-throw switches, and a plurality of cables. The common program control attenuator generally has a controllable range of 0dB to 60dB at most, and in order to achieve attenuation control in a larger range, a fixed attenuator with attenuation of 40dB is connected behind the program control attenuator and is matched with a single-pole double-throw switch to achieve attenuation control in the range of 0dB to 100 dB. The design has the advantages that the dynamic range of the general phased array wind profile radar can reach about 90dB, the wide-range attenuation control of 0 dB-100 dB is realized by adopting the mode of combining 1 program controlled attenuator (program controlled attenuator) and 1 fixed attenuator, and the automatic calibration of the dynamic range and the sensitivity of the radar can be smoothly completed without external instruments or attenuators and other devices. And when the scale of the active control gust profile radar is increased, the new wind profile radar calibration system 10 can be obtained only by correspondingly replacing the switch of 1 from N and adjusting the control instruction related to the calibration module 102. The programmable attenuator can control the attenuation amount through a program and complete the attenuation of a specified degree of signals in cooperation with the fixed attenuator; the fixed attenuator is used for attenuating the signal to a specified degree in cooperation with the programmable attenuator; the noise source 1023 is used for generating a noise signal with a certain amplitude, and is used for calibrating the noise coefficient of the system 10; the DDS component is used for generating a radio frequency signal with a specified amplitude and a specified frequency; the control interface circuit is used for receiving, executing and issuing control instructions, and collecting and feeding back the working state of the calibration system 10 to the upper stage.
In the present embodiment, each implementable mode may be implemented alone, or may be implemented in combination in any combination without conflict, and the present application is not limited thereto.
The utility model provides a phased gust profile radar calibration system, the system includes: the wind measuring system comprises a control module, a calibration module, a wind measuring module, a display module and a phase compensation module; the control module is used for acquiring the calibration requirement information and sending a control instruction to the calibration module according to the calibration requirement information; the calibration module is used for receiving the control instruction, generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, and sending the test signal to the wind measuring module so as to test the performance of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel of the wind measuring module and generate a test result; generating a corresponding calibration result according to the test result, and sending the calibration result to a display module; the display module is used for displaying the calibration result; the control module is also used for determining phase compensation quantity according to the calibration result and generating corresponding compensation codes according to the phase compensation quantity; the phase compensation module is used for performing phase compensation on the wind measuring module according to the compensation code; and the wind measuring module is used for executing a corresponding calibration process according to the control command and the test signal. The system provided by the scheme can periodically acquire various calibration results of the phased array wind profile radar, detect the performance of the phased array wind profile radar according to the acquired calibration results, and simultaneously perform corresponding phase compensation on the transmitting and receiving channel of the phased array wind profile radar according to the calibration results so as to improve the performance of the phased array wind profile radar. The technical scheme enhances the automatic detection capability of the phased array wind profile radar, improves the transceiving performance and maintainability, and reduces the system maintenance and detection cost.
The embodiment of the application provides a phase-control gust profile radar calibration method, which is used for solving the technical problems that the operation flow of radar performance detection in the prior art is complex and the detection efficiency is low. The main implementation body of the phased array wind profile radar calibration system provided by the foregoing embodiment is, as shown in fig. 7, a schematic flow diagram of a phased array wind profile radar calibration method provided by the embodiment of the present application, where the method includes:
step 702, generating a corresponding control instruction according to a calibration requirement;
703, generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, testing the performance of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel of the radar according to the test signal, and generating a test result;
Specifically, in one embodiment, generating the corresponding test signal according to the control command includes: and carrying out attenuation processing on the power of the acquired test signal according to a preset attenuation rule.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the attenuating the power of the acquired test signal according to a preset attenuation rule includes:
gating the corresponding test channel and the corresponding attenuator according to the control instruction; the test channel comprises a receiving channel of the radar, a transmitting channel of the radar and a preset test channel.
Specifically, in one embodiment, generating the corresponding test signal according to the control command includes:
and generating a noise signal with a preset amplitude.
Specifically, in an embodiment, the calibration requirement information includes a calibration type, where the calibration type includes: the method comprises the following steps of noise coefficient, wind speed and wind direction, radar receiving system dynamic range, sensitivity, transmitting power, transmitting channel amplitude consistency, transmitting channel phase consistency, receiving channel amplitude consistency, receiving channel phase consistency and radar system coherence.
Specifically, in an embodiment, generating a corresponding control command according to a calibration requirement includes: and generating a corresponding control command according to at least one calibration type.
Specifically, in an embodiment, when the calibration type is the transmit channel phase consistency calibration and the receive channel phase consistency calibration, generating a corresponding control instruction according to a calibration requirement includes:
calculating a difference between the calibration result and the reference value; judging whether the difference value is larger than a preset threshold value or not; and when the difference is larger than a preset threshold value, determining a phase compensation amount according to the difference, and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation amount.
Specifically, in one embodiment, generating the corresponding test signal according to the control command includes:
and receiving a control instruction, and generating a test signal with a preset frequency according to the control instruction.
Specifically, in an embodiment, generating the corresponding test signal according to the control command further includes:
and according to the control instruction, gating the corresponding receiving channel or transmitting channel as a test channel, wherein the one-out-of-multiple switch is a single-stage one-out-of-multiple switch or a multi-stage cascade one-out-of-multiple switch.
The phased gust profile radar calibration method provided by the embodiment of the application is used for executing the specific use method of the phased gust profile radar calibration system provided by the embodiment, the implementation mode and the principle are the same, and the repeated description is omitted.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A phased gust profile radar calibration system, the system comprising: the wind measuring system comprises a control module, a calibration module, a wind measuring module, a display module and a phase compensation module;
the control module is used for acquiring calibration requirement information and sending a control instruction to the calibration module according to the calibration requirement information;
the calibration module is used for receiving the control instruction, generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, sending the test signal to the wind measuring module so as to test the performance of a receiving channel and a transmitting channel of the radar, generating a test result, generating a corresponding calibration result according to the test result, and sending the calibration result to the display module;
the display module is used for displaying the calibration result;
the control module is also used for determining a phase compensation quantity according to the calibration result and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation quantity;
the phase compensation module is used for performing phase compensation on the receiving channel and the transmitting channel according to the compensation code;
and the wind measuring module is used for executing a corresponding calibration process according to the control command and the test signal.
2. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system according to claim 1, wherein the calibration module comprises:
the plurality of attenuators specifically comprise a program control attenuator and a plurality of fixed attenuators, and are used for attenuating the power of the acquired test signal according to a preset attenuation rule.
3. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system according to claim 2, wherein the calibration module further comprises:
the single-pole double-throw switches are used for gating the corresponding test channels and the corresponding attenuators according to the control instructions; the test channel comprises a receiving channel of the radar, a transmitting channel of the radar and a test channel preset in the calibration module.
4. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system according to claim 3, wherein the calibration module further comprises:
the noise source is used for generating a noise signal with preset amplitude.
5. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system according to claim 3,
the calibration requirement information comprises a calibration type, wherein the calibration type comprises: the method comprises the following steps of noise coefficient, wind speed and wind direction, radar receiving system dynamic range, sensitivity, transmitting power, transmitting channel amplitude consistency, transmitting channel phase consistency, receiving channel amplitude consistency, receiving channel phase consistency and radar system coherence.
6. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system according to claim 5,
the control module is specifically configured to generate a corresponding control instruction according to at least one calibration type.
7. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system according to claim 6, wherein the control module is further configured to calculate a difference between the calibration result and a reference value when the calibration type is transmit channel phase consistency calibration and receive channel phase consistency calibration; judging whether the difference value is larger than a preset threshold value or not; and when the difference value is larger than the preset threshold value, determining the phase compensation amount according to the difference value, and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation amount.
8. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system according to claim 1, wherein the calibration module comprises:
and the frequency generation component is used for receiving the control instruction of the control module and generating a test signal with a preset frequency according to the control instruction.
9. The phased array wind profile radar calibration system according to claim 1, wherein the calibration module further comprises:
and the one-out-of-multiple switch is used for gating the corresponding receiving channel or the corresponding transmitting channel as a test channel according to the control instruction, and is a one-out-of-multiple switch in a single-stage form or a one-out-of-multiple switch in a multi-stage cascade form.
10. A calibration method for a phase-controlled gust profile radar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a calibration requirement;
generating a corresponding control instruction according to the calibration requirement;
generating a corresponding test signal according to the control instruction, testing the performance of a receiving channel or a transmitting channel of the radar according to the test signal, and generating a test result;
generating a corresponding calibration result according to the test result, displaying the calibration result, determining a phase compensation quantity according to the calibration result, and generating a corresponding compensation code according to the phase compensation quantity;
and carrying out corresponding phase compensation according to the compensation code.
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