CN112014620B

CN112014620B - Step voltage simulator

Info

Publication number: CN112014620B
Application number: CN202010756693.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宗伟; 段绍辉; 张金广
Original assignee: Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-31
Filing date: 2020-07-31
Publication date: 2023-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-31
Also published as: CN112014620A

Abstract

The utility model relates to a step voltage analogue means, through being provided with the current generator with earthing device utilizes the impulse current that produces when the current generator simulation thunder and lightning impulse shaft tower, earthing device simulates shaft tower and the earth equipment in actual electric wire netting, with the shaft tower resistance in the actual work superpose on the earthing device. The current generator only needs the voltage measuring component to measure the voltage between the first measuring point and the second measuring point to obtain the step voltage. Compared with the data reality simulated by software, the step voltage simulator provided by the embodiment of the application is higher in reality, the step voltage simulator can simulate the scene of step voltage actual generation through experiments, then more reliable experimental data can be obtained through experimental tests, and meanwhile, the calibration and verification of the simulation result can be performed by utilizing the experimental result data, so that the accuracy of the simulation result is improved.

Description

Step voltage simulator

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of electrical simulation, in particular to a step voltage simulation device.

Background

The power transmission line grounding device is a basic guarantee and important measure for maintaining safe and reliable operation of a power system and guaranteeing safety of electrical equipment and operators. When lightning current passes through the tower grounding device and is put into the ground, potential rise is generated on the soil surface, and the potential rise gradually decays along with the increase of the distance from the current-in point. The step voltage refers to the potential difference between two points on the ground with a horizontal distance of 0.8m when the ground lightning current flows through the grounding device. The voltage applied by the two feet of a person when touching the two points is called the step voltage U _S . When the step voltage exceeds a certain value, an electric shock accident of a human body is caused, and therefore, the step voltage near the line tower must be strictly limited within an allowable range. However, the measurement of the step voltage is mainly calculated through simulation calculation or an empirical formula at present, verification of test data is lacking, and therefore the measurement accuracy of the step voltage is low at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on this, it is necessary to provide a step voltage simulator against the problem of low accuracy in measurement of the step voltage at present.

A step voltage simulation device for simulating measurement of a step voltage, the measurement points of the step voltage including a first measurement point and a second measurement point, the step voltage simulation device comprising:

a current generator for generating an impact current;

the current injection point of the grounding device is electrically connected with the current generator, and the first measuring point and the second measuring point are both arranged on the grounding device;

the grounding device is arranged in the loop ring and is separated from the loop ring, and the loop ring is electrically connected with the current generator;

and the voltage measurement assembly is respectively and electrically connected with the first measurement point and the second measurement point, and the voltage measurement point is used for measuring the step voltage between the first measurement point and the second measurement point.

In one embodiment, the current generator comprises:

a transformer;

a capacitor connected in parallel with the transformer;

the input end of the waveform regulator is electrically connected with the capacitor, the output end of the waveform regulator is electrically connected with the current injection point of the grounding device, and the waveform regulator is used for regulating the waveform of the output current of the capacitor.

In one embodiment, the waveform adjustor comprises:

an adjustable inductor, a first end of the adjustable inductor being electrically connected to the capacitor;

and one end of the adjustable resistor is electrically connected with the second end of the adjustable inductor, and the other end of the adjustable resistor is electrically connected with the current injection point of the grounding device.

In one embodiment, the current generator further comprises:

and one end of the gap assembly is electrically connected with a common end of the transformer and the capacitor, and the other end of the gap assembly is electrically connected with the first end of the adjustable inductor.

In one embodiment, the voltage measurement assembly comprises:

the first potential measurement assembly is electrically connected with the first measurement point and is used for measuring a first potential of the first measurement point;

the second potential measuring assembly is electrically connected with the second measuring point and is used for measuring a second potential of the first measuring point;

and the controller is respectively connected with the first potential measuring component and the second potential measuring component in a signal way, and is used for determining the step voltage according to the first potential and the second potential.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

and the oscilloscope is respectively and electrically connected with the first potential measuring component and the second potential measuring component and is used for displaying the waveforms of the currents of the first measuring point and the second measuring point.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

the first voltage divider is electrically connected with the first measuring point and the first potential measuring component respectively;

the second voltage divider is respectively and electrically connected with the second measuring point and the second potential measuring component;

the controller is used for determining the step voltage according to the first potential, the second potential, the partial pressure coefficient of the first voltage divider and the partial pressure coefficient of the second voltage divider.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

and the third voltage measurement assembly is electrically connected with the current injection point of the grounding device and is used for measuring a third voltage of the current injection point.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

and the current measuring assembly is electrically connected with the loop ring and is used for measuring loop current of the loop ring.

In one embodiment, the controller is in signal connection with the third voltage measurement component and the current measurement component, respectively, and the controller is configured to determine a ground resistance of the grounding device according to the third voltage and the loop current.

According to the step voltage simulation device, through the arrangement of the current generator and the grounding device, the current generator is utilized to simulate impulse current generated when lightning impulse the pole tower, the grounding device simulates the pole tower and grounding equipment in an actual power grid, and pole tower resistance in actual work is superposed on the grounding device. Therefore, the current generator according to the embodiment of the application can obtain the step voltage only by measuring the voltage between the first measurement point and the second measurement point by the voltage measurement component. Compared with the data reality simulated by software, the step voltage simulator provided by the embodiment of the application is higher in reality, the step voltage simulator can simulate the scene of step voltage actual generation through experiments, then more reliable experimental data can be obtained through experimental tests, and meanwhile, the calibration and verification of the simulation result can be performed by utilizing the experimental result data, so that the accuracy of the simulation result is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of embodiments or conventional techniques of the present application, the drawings required for the descriptions of the embodiments or conventional techniques will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a step voltage simulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a current generator of a step voltage simulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a step voltage simulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a part of a step voltage simulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a part of a step voltage simulator according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals illustrate:

10. step voltage simulation device;

100. a current generator;

110. a transformer;

120. a capacitor;

130. a waveform adjustor;

131. an adjustable inductor;

132. an adjustable resistor;

140. a gap assembly;

200. a grounding device;

300. a loop ring;

400. a voltage measurement assembly;

410. a first potentiometric measurement assembly;

420. a second potentiometric measurement assembly;

430. a controller;

500. an oscilloscope;

600. a first voltage divider;

700. a second divider;

800. a third voltage measurement assembly;

900. a current measurement assembly;

910. a third voltage divider;

920. a fourth voltage divider.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, a step voltage simulator of the present application will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.

The numbering of the components itself, e.g. "first", "second", etc., is used herein merely to distinguish between the described objects and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "coupled" and "connected," as used herein, are intended to encompass both direct and indirect coupling (coupling), unless otherwise indicated. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," etc. indicate or refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a step voltage simulator 10 for simulating measurement of step voltage, wherein the step voltage is a potential difference between two feet when a person stands beside a tower or other grounding device and a horizontal distance between two feet is 0.8 m. The step voltage is measured by two measuring points: the first measuring point and the second measuring point are both positioned on the ground, and a stepping distance is formed between the first measuring point and the second measuring point, namely, the horizontal distance between the first measuring point and the second measuring point is 0.8 meter.

One embodiment of the present application provides a step voltage simulator 10 comprising: current generator 100, ground 200, loop ring 300, and voltage measurement assembly 400.

The current generator 100 is used to generate a large current, that is, the surge current, which is used to simulate the current flowing through the tower into the ground 200 when the tower is struck by lightning. The current generator can be a dry type transformer, such as an impact current generator, has small volume, compact structure and convenient wave regulation, and has large output current, and the 4/10mS waveform can reach 120kA. Meanwhile, the impulse current generator has high automation degree and strong anti-interference capability, adopts a ball feeding cylinder pushing triggering mode, and has synchronous energy consumption and reliable action. The type, model, etc. of the current generator 100 are not limited in this embodiment, and may be specifically selected or set according to practical situations, so long as the function of generating the impact current is satisfied.

The current injection point of the grounding device 200 is electrically connected to the current generator 100, and the first measurement point and the second measurement point are both disposed on the grounding device 200. The grounding device 200 is disposed at the bottom of the tower and is used for connecting the tower with the ground, so as to introduce the current on the tower into the ground, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the tower, the power transmission line and the like. The grounding device 200 includes a plurality of injection points through which a ground lead directs current on the tower to ground. The grounding device 200 is further provided with a grounding grid, the grounding grid is composed of conductor rays arranged in a radial manner, and the current from the tower is dispersed to the ground through the book-searching grounding grid. The first measurement point and the second measurement point are both located on the grounding device 200, and the voltage between the first measurement point and the second measurement point is the step voltage. The potential on the grounding device 200 is the highest potential in the longitudinal direction of the measurement point, so that only the voltage between the first measurement point and the second measurement point is required to be within the human body safety voltage range, and the voltage at the position on the ground corresponding to the first measurement point and the second measurement point is definitely within the human body safety voltage range.

The loop 300 is disposed outside the grounding device 200, the grounding device 200 is disposed in the loop 300 and separated from the loop 300, and the loop 300 is electrically connected to the current generator 100. The impact current generated in the current generator 100 is dispersed to the soil through the grounding device 200, the loop 300 is electrically connected with the current generator 100, and the current in the soil flows back to the current generator 100 through the loop 300 to form a complete loop. The loop ring 300 may be made of any conductive material, such as graphite, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, etc. The loop 300 may be any shape, such as a rectangle, an ellipse, a circle, etc., when the loop 300 is a circle, the injection point is located at the center of the loop 300, the loop 300 is an equipotential body, the potentials on the loop 300 are all equal, and the potentials of other points can be obtained only by collecting the potential of any point, so that the collection of the potentials of different positions on the loop 300 is facilitated. The loop 300 is not particularly limited in this embodiment, and may be specifically selected or set according to practical situations.

The voltage measurement assembly 400 is electrically connected to the first measurement point and the second measurement point, respectively, and the voltage measurement point is used for measuring a step voltage between the first measurement point and the second measurement point. The voltage measurement assembly 400 may have a positive electrode connected to the first measurement point, a negative electrode connected to the second measurement point, or a negative electrode connected to the first measurement point, and a positive electrode connected to the second measurement point. The step voltage between the first measurement point and the second measurement point can be measured regardless of whether the voltage measurement assembly 400 is positive or negative. The voltage measurement assembly 400 may be a voltmeter, a voltage transformer, etc., and the embodiment is not limited specifically, and only needs to satisfy that the measurement range of the voltage measurement assembly 400 is within the range of the step voltage, so as to achieve the purpose of measuring the step voltage.

The working principle of the step voltage simulator 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

the step voltage simulator 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: the current generator 100, the grounding device 200, the loop ring 300 and the voltage measurement assembly 400. The current generator 100 generates an impact current, which simulates an impact current when a lightning strikes a tower, and the impact current flows into a current injection point of the grounding device 200 and then is dispersed into soil through the grounding device 200, and residual current in the soil flows back to the current generator 100 through the loop 300 to form a complete loop. The step voltage is obtained by measuring the voltage between the first measurement point and the second measurement point separated by a step distance on the grounding device 200 by the voltage measurement assembly 400.

According to the embodiment of the application, the current generator 100 and the grounding device 200 are arranged, so that the current generator 100 is utilized to simulate the impulse current generated when lightning impulse is generated on the tower, the grounding device 200 simulates the tower and grounding equipment in an actual power grid, and the tower resistor in actual work is superimposed on the grounding device 200. Thus, the current generator 100 according to the embodiment of the present application only needs the voltage measuring component to measure the voltage between the first measurement point and the second measurement point to obtain the step voltage. Compared with the data reality simulated by software, the step voltage simulator 10 provided by the embodiment of the application is higher in reality, the step voltage simulator 10 can simulate the scene of step voltage actual generation through experiments, then more reliable experimental data can be obtained through experimental tests, and meanwhile, the calibration and verification of the simulation result can be performed by utilizing the experimental result data, so that the accuracy of the simulation result is improved.

Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the current generator 100 includes: transformer 110, capacitor 120, waveform adjustor 130, and gap assembly 140.

The transformer 110 is a device for changing an ac power source by using the principle of electromagnetic induction, and the main components include a primary coil, a secondary coil and an iron core, wherein when the transformer 110 is electrically connected with an external power source, the center of the iron core generates alternating magnetic flux to strengthen the magnetic coupling between the primary coil and the secondary coil. The transformer 110 may be a dry-type transformer, and the dry-type transformer may be naturally cooled by air convection, and the cooling mode is clean and environment-friendly. The transformer 110 may also be an oil-immersed transformer, which may rely on oil as a cooling medium for rapid cooling. The working frequency of the transformer 110 can be specifically set according to the required magnitude of the impact current, and the embodiment is not limited in any way, and only needs to satisfy the function of transforming the current of the external power source to generate high voltage.

The capacitor 120 is connected in parallel with the transformer 110, the capacitor 120 is used for storing energy, and the capacitor 120 stores high-voltage energy generated by the transformer 110 on positive and negative plates of the capacitor 120 for use by subsequent electrical equipment. The capacitor 120 may include one capacitor or may include a plurality of capacitors, and when the capacitor 120 includes a plurality of capacitors, the plurality of capacitors may be connected in parallel to accumulate more charge, so as to form a higher voltage for subsequent electrical devices. The capacitor 120 may be a tunable capacitance such that the capacitor 120 may have different capacitance values to accommodate different analog environments. The type, the number, the capacitance value, etc. of the capacitors 120 are not particularly limited in this embodiment, and may be particularly limited or selected according to practical situations, and only needs to satisfy the function of energy storage.

An input end of the waveform adjustor 130 is electrically connected with the capacitor 120, an output end of the waveform adjustor 130 is electrically connected with a current injection point of the grounding device 200, and the waveform adjustor 130 is used for adjusting a waveform of the output current of the capacitor 120. In actual operation, the waveform of the impact current may have different waveforms under different conditions, and the waveform regulator 130 is adopted in this embodiment to adjust the waveform of the current output by the capacitor 120, so as to generate different waveforms, so as to conveniently simulate the most real state of the impact current under different scenes and different conditions. The type of the waveform adjustor 130 is not particularly limited in this embodiment, and may be selected or set according to practical situations, so long as the function of adjusting the waveform of the output current of the capacitor 120 is satisfied.

One end of the gap member 140 is electrically connected to a common terminal of the transformer 110 and the capacitor 120, and the other end of the gap member 140 is electrically connected to a first end of the tunable inductor 131. The gap component 140 may be a protection gap, which refers to a gap between the live equipment and the ground for limiting the maximum overvoltage that may occur, and belongs to a lightning protection device. In this embodiment, the protection gap may be formed by two metal electrodes, one of which is electrically connected to the common terminal of the transformer 110 and the capacitor 120, and the other of which is electrically connected to the first terminal of the tunable inductor 131, where a certain gap distance is maintained between the two electrodes, and when the voltage across the insulator exceeds a certain value, the gap assembly 140 is broken down first, so as to achieve the protection purpose. The type and structure of the gap assembly 140 are not particularly limited in this embodiment, and may be specifically selected or set according to practical situations.

In one embodiment, the waveform adjustor 130 may include: an adjustable inductor 131 and an adjustable resistor 132. The first end of the tunable inductor 131 is electrically connected to the capacitor 120. One end of the adjustable resistor 132 is electrically connected to the second end of the adjustable inductor 131, and the other end of the adjustable resistor 132 is electrically connected to the current injection point of the grounding device 200. The adjustable inductor 131 cooperates with the adjustable resistor 132 to form the waveform adjustor 130 to adjust the waveform of the output current of the capacitor 120. The types and sizes of the tunable inductor 131 and the tunable resistor 132 are not particularly limited in this embodiment, and may be specifically selected or set according to practical situations.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the voltage measurement assembly 400 includes: a first potentiometric component 410, a second potentiometric component 420, and a controller 430.

The first potential measuring component 410 is electrically connected to the first measuring point, and is configured to measure a first potential of the first measuring point. The first potentiometric device 410 may be any potentiometric device, or the like, and the first potentiometric device 410 is not particularly limited in this embodiment, can be specifically selected or set according to actual conditions, and only needs to meet the function of measuring the potential of the first measurement point. The second potential measuring component 420 is electrically connected to the second measuring point, and is configured to measure a second potential of the first measuring point. The second potential measuring component 420 may be any potential measuring device or potential measuring device, and the embodiment does not specifically limit the second potential measuring component 420, and may be specifically selected or set according to practical situations, so long as the function of measuring the potential of the second measuring point is satisfied.

The controller 430 is respectively connected with the first potential measuring component 410 and the second potential measuring component 420 in a signal manner, so as to obtain a first potential of the first measuring point measured by the first potential measuring component 410 and a second potential of the second measuring point measured by the second potential measuring component 420, and the controller 430 determines the step voltage according to a difference between the first potential and the second potential. The controller 430 may be a control chip, a mobile phone, a service department, a processor, etc., and the type of the controller 430 is not specifically limited in this embodiment, and may be specifically selected according to practical situations, so long as the function of determining the step voltage according to the first potential and the second potential is satisfied.

In one embodiment, the step voltage simulator 10 further comprises: a third voltage measurement assembly 800 and a current measurement assembly 900.

The third voltage measurement assembly 800 is electrically connected to the current point of the grounding device 200, and the third voltage measurement assembly 800 is configured to measure a third voltage of the current point, that is, the output voltage of the current generator 100. The third voltage measurement assembly 800 may be a voltmeter, a voltage transformer, etc., and the embodiment is not limited in detail, and only needs to satisfy the function of measuring the output voltage of the current generator 100.

The current measurement assembly 900 is electrically connected to the loop ring 300 for measuring the loop current of the loop ring 300. The current measuring component 900 may be an ammeter, a current transformer, a rogowski coil, or the like. When the current measurement assembly 900 is a rogowski coil, the loop 300 is electrically connected to the current generator 100, and the loop current of the loop 300, that is, the output current of the current generator 100, can be collected by sleeving the rogowski coil on the loop 300. The current measuring assembly 900 is not specifically limited in this embodiment, and may be specifically limited according to practical situations, and only needs to satisfy the function of measuring the loop current of the loop 300.

The controller 430 is respectively connected with the third voltage measurement assembly 800 and the current measurement assembly 900 in a signal manner, and the controller 430 is configured to determine the grounding resistance of the grounding device 200 according to the third voltage and the loop current. In the above embodiment, the controller 430 is respectively connected to the first potential measuring unit 410 and the second potential measuring unit 420, and determines the step voltage according to the difference between the first potential and the second potential. In this embodiment, the controller 430 is further configured to determine the grounding resistance of the grounding device 200 according to the third voltage and the loop current, that is, the ratio of the third voltage to the loop current, so as to facilitate an accurate determination of the grounding resistance by a worker.

In one embodiment, the step voltage simulator 10 further comprises: an oscilloscope 500.

The oscilloscope 500 is electrically connected to the first potential measurement component 410 and the second potential measurement component 420, and is configured to display waveforms of currents of the first measurement point and the second measurement point, so as to facilitate real-time monitoring of the waveforms of the currents of the first measurement point and the second measurement point by a worker. The oscilloscope 500 may be a single oscilloscope 500, such as a dual or multi-channel oscilloscope 500, which may display waveforms of multiple measurement point currents. The oscilloscope 500 may be other devices with display functions, and the embodiment is not limited to the oscilloscope 500, and only needs to satisfy the function of displaying the current waveforms of the first measurement point and the second measurement point.

In one embodiment, the step voltage simulator 10 further includes a first voltage divider 600 and a second voltage divider 700, the first voltage divider 600 being electrically connected to the first measurement point and the first potential measurement component 410, respectively. The second voltage divider 700 is electrically connected to the second measurement point and the second potential measurement assembly 420, respectively. The controller 430 is configured to determine the step voltage according to the first potential, the second potential, the voltage division coefficient of the first voltage divider 600, and the voltage division coefficient of the second voltage divider 700. Sometimes, the impact current is too large and far exceeds the measurement range of a common current measurement instrument and a voltage measurement instrument, but the first voltage divider 600 and the second voltage divider 700 are adopted to convert the high potential of the first measurement point and the high potential of the second measurement point into the low potential, and the first potential measurement component 410 and the second potential measurement component 420 measure the potential which is reduced according to a certain conversion ratio, namely the voltage division coefficient, so that the requirement on measurement is greatly reduced, the impact current with different intensities can be adapted, and meanwhile, the measurement cost is also reduced.

Referring to fig. 5, in one embodiment, the step voltage simulator 10 further includes a third voltage divider 910 and a fourth voltage divider 920, wherein the third voltage divider 910 is electrically connected to the current point of the grounding device 200 and the third voltage measurement assembly 800, and the fourth voltage divider 920 is electrically connected to the loop 300 and the current measurement assembly 900, respectively. The third voltage divider 910 and the fourth voltage divider 920 convert the high potential of the current injection point and the loop ring 300 to a low potential, reducing the measurement requirements for the voltage measurement assembly 400 and the current measurement assembly 900, thereby reducing measurement costs.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

1. A step voltage simulator for simulating measurement of a step voltage, the measurement points of the step voltage including a first measurement point and a second measurement point, the step voltage simulator comprising:

a current generator for generating an impact current; the surge current is used for simulating the current when the tower encounters lightning;

the current injection point of the grounding device is electrically connected with the current generator, and the first measuring point and the second measuring point are both arranged on the grounding device; the grounding device is arranged at the bottom of the pole tower and used for connecting the pole tower with the ground so as to introduce the current on the pole tower into the ground;

2. The step voltage simulator of claim 1, wherein the current generator comprises:

a transformer;

a capacitor connected in parallel with the transformer;

3. The step voltage simulator of claim 2, wherein the waveform adjustor comprises:

4. The step voltage simulator of claim 3 wherein the current generator further comprises:

5. The step voltage simulator of claim 1, wherein the voltage measurement assembly comprises:

6. The step-by-step voltage simulator of claim 5, further comprising:

7. The step-by-step voltage simulator of claim 5, further comprising:

8. The step-by-step voltage simulator of claim 5, further comprising:

9. The step voltage simulator of claim 8, further comprising:

10. The step voltage simulator of claim 9, wherein the controller is in signal communication with the third voltage measurement assembly and the current measurement assembly, respectively, and wherein the controller is configured to determine a ground resistance of the ground device based on the third voltage and the loop current.