CN112010830A - 二羟基二甲基异色满-3-甲酰芳香氨基酸,其制备,溶栓活性和应用 - Google Patents
二羟基二甲基异色满-3-甲酰芳香氨基酸,其制备,溶栓活性和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及下式的(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA,涉及它们的制备方法,涉及它们的溶栓活性。因而本发明涉及它们在制备溶栓药物中的应用。本发明属于生物医药领域。
技术背景
在心血管疾病的发病率及死亡率中,急性肺动脉栓塞的发病率及死亡率居第三位。如果不治疗,大约30%患者死亡。从发病过程看,在深静脉形成的血凝块通过静脉系统离开深静脉穿过右心室进入肺动脉形成肺栓塞。由于动脉循环恶化,可导致肺实质坏死。如果接受治疗,大约8%患者死亡。在死亡的患者中,大约四分之一患者几乎没有任何症状而突然死亡。肺动脉栓塞的死亡率与发病的时间有关。发病的前3个月死亡率为17%。肺动脉大块栓塞患者的死亡率可达到30%至50%。肺栓塞的发病率随年龄变化。年轻时的发病率为1/1500/年,80岁之后的发病率为1/300/年。对于那些年龄超过70岁的肺栓塞患者,伴随有充血性心力衰竭的肺栓塞患者,伴随有慢性阻塞性肺病的肺栓塞患者,伴随有癌症的肺栓塞患者,只有一叶肺的肺栓塞患者,伴随有低血压的肺栓塞患者,伴随有呼吸急促的肺栓塞患者,组织缺氧的肺栓塞患者,精神状况异常的肺栓塞患者,伴随有肾衰竭的肺栓塞患者,伴随有前脑血管意外的肺栓塞患者,伴随有右心室功能障碍的肺栓塞患者和伴随有右心室功能障碍的肺栓塞患者死亡率明显上升。肺动脉栓塞的控制及治疗取决于患者,生命特征,临床休克信号及临床不稳定信号。溶栓是临床治疗肺动脉栓塞的公认策略。阿替普酶(alteplase),替奈普酶(tenecteplase,TNK)和链激酶(streptokinase)是常用的溶栓药物。
阿替普酶是含526个氨基酸残基的糖蛋白。临床上主要用于治疗急性心肌梗死,肺栓塞,急性缺血性中风,深静脉血栓及其他血管疾病。对于体重超过65公斤的患者替普酶冲击剂量是2小时之内先静脉注射10mg,然后再静脉注射90mg。对于体重不足65公斤的患者替普酶的冲击剂量既可调节为不超过1.5mg/kg,也可以使用2小时之内静脉注射50mg的减半冲击剂量。替奈普酶是经哺乳动物细胞(例如中国天竺鼠卵细胞)利用重组DNA技术制造的组织纤维溶酶原活化剂(rtPA),常用作溶栓剂。替奈普酶也可以采用冲击剂量治疗肺动脉栓塞。例如对于体重为60公斤至90公斤之内的患者5秒钟内静脉注射30mg至50mg。体重每增加10公斤,替奈普酶的用量增加5mg。不过,美国FDA没有批准这种治疗方案。由于阿替普酶和替奈普酶更安全,临床已不再青睐链激酶。
按照临床规范在实施溶栓治疗之前,不仅应停止使用肝素而且需要评估禁忌症。这些禁忌症包括已有的颅内出血,颅内结构性脑血管疾病,无定论的主动脉探查,颅内恶性肿瘤,3个月内的缺血性中风,新近的侵蚀大脑或脊髓的手术,由于骨折或颅内损伤新近实施的闭合性头部或面部创伤。因为溶栓剂的这些禁忌症及20%至50%的出血率,肺动脉栓塞的治疗仍然是内科医生的临床挑战。寻找安全有效的溶栓剂是新药物研究的热点之一。
寻找安全有效的溶栓剂是发明人新药物研究的重要兴趣。在过去的3年里发明人发现(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸与芳香氨基酸(L-Phe,L-His,L-Trp,L-Tyr)偶联,获得的下式的(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA(AA为L-Phe,L-His,L-Trp和L-Tyr残基)是安全有效的溶栓剂。根据这个发现,发明人提出了本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一个内容是提供(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA(AA为L-Phe,L-His,L-Trp和L-Tyr残基)。
本发明的第二个内容是提供(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA(AA为L-Phe,L-His,L-Trp和L-Tyr残基)的合成方法,该方法包括:
1)在氯化亚砜催化下按标准方法制备D(+)-β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乳酸苄酯;
2)D(+)-β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乳酸苄酯在三氟化硼二乙醚的催化作用下转化成(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸苄酯;
3)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸苄酯在Pd/C催化氢化下按标准方法制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸;
4)在叠氮磷酸二苯酯,N-甲基吗啉的催化作用下按标准方法制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA-OBzl;
5)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA-OBzl催化氢化转化成(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA。
本发明的第三个内容是评价(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA的溶栓活性。
附图说明
图1(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA的合成路线。(i)苯甲醇,SOCl2;(ii)丙酮,BF3-Et2O;(iii)H2,Pd/C,MeOH;(iv)AA-OBzl,叠氮磷酸二苯酯,N-甲基吗啉,无水四氢呋喃;(v)H2,Pd/C,MeOH。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐述本发明,下面给出一系列实施例。这些实施例完全是例证性的,它们仅用来对本发明进行具体描述,不应当理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1制备D(+)-β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乳酸苄酯(1)
将91.0mL氯化亚砜缓慢滴加到0℃搅拌的150mL苯甲醇中。滴毕,室温搅拌1h,加55.0g(250mmol)丹参素钠,室温搅拌48h,反应完全。反应混合物减压浓缩,残留物用100mL乙酸乙酯溶解,用饱和NaCl水溶液洗(30mL×3),用无水Na2SO4干燥12h,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析纯化,得20.1g(35%)标题化合物,为黄色油状物。1HNMR(300M Hz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.75(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.31(m,5H),6.61(s,1H),6.58(s,1H),6.42(dd,J1=1.8Hz,J2=2.1Hz,1H),5.55(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.12(s,2H),4.19(q,J1=6.9Hz,J2=6.0Hz,1H),2.73(qd,J1=8.1Hz,J2=5.4Hz,2H);ESI-MS(m/e):287[M-H]-。
实施例2制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸苄酯(2)
将10.0g(30.6mmol)D(+)-β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乳酸苄酯(1)用104mL丙酮溶解。0℃于搅拌下缓慢向里滴加4.4mL三氟化硼二乙醚。滴毕,室温搅拌4h,化合物1完全消失。反应液减压浓缩,残余物用100mL乙酸乙酯溶解。得到的溶液用饱和NaCl水溶液洗(30mL×3),用无水Na2SO4干燥12h,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析纯化,得11.4g(80%)标题化合物,为黄色油状物。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=1.58(s,1H),1.54(s,1H),7.39(m,5H),6.52(s,1H),6.47(s,1H),1.93(s,1H),4.47(m,1H),2.71(m,2H),1.40(m,6H);ESI-MS(m/e):327[M-H]-。
实施例3制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸(3)
将11.4g(34.8mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸苄酯(2)用60mL甲醇溶解。然后加1.14g Pd/C,搅拌均匀,通氢气,室温反应24h,化合物2完全消失。反应液过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得到10.5g(95%)标题化合物,为无色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=12.60(s,1H),8.82(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),8.66(d,J=5.4Hz,2H),6.52(s,1H),6.46(s,1H),4.34(m,1H),2.68(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.37(d,J=3.8Hz,6H);ESI-MS(m/e):237[M-H]-。
实施例4制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Phe-OBzl(4a)
将595mg(2.50mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸(3)用12mL无水四氢呋喃溶解,加1mL叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA),搅拌30min。0℃于搅拌下加802mg(2.75mmol)Phe-OBzl。反应液用N-甲基吗啉调pH至8-9。室温搅拌24h,化合物3完全消失。反应液减压浓缩,残余物用100mL乙酸乙酯溶解,依次用1N CH3COONa水溶液洗(30mL×3),饱和NaCl水溶液洗(30mL×3),饱和KHSO4水溶液洗(30mL×3),饱和NaCl水溶液洗(30mL×3),用无水Na2SO4干燥12h,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,残留物用硅胶柱层析纯化,得427mg(36%)标题化合物,为无色固体。1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.82(s,1H),8.66(s,1H),7.77(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.25(m,10H),6.52(s,1H),6.44(s,1H),5.14(s,2H),4.64(q,J1=6.6Hz,J2=7.2Hz,1H),4.13(m,1H),3.12(d,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.58(m,2H),1.40(d,J=10.2Hz,6H);ESI-MS(m/e):474[M-H]-。
实施例5制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-His-OBzl(4b)
按照实施例4的方法由476mg(2.0mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸(3)和700mg(2.2mmol)His-OBzl得到335mg(36%)标题化合物,为无色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=11.89(s,1H),8.83(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),8.33(s,1H),7.57(s,1H),7.34(s,1H),6.79(s,1H),6.78(s,1H),6.53(s,1H),5.10(q,J1=12.6Hz,J2=14.1Hz,2H),4.57(m,1H),4.17(d,J=8.40Hz,1H),2.90(s,2H),2.68(m,1H),1.43(d,J=16.2Hz,2H);ESI-MS(m/e):464[M-H]-。
实施例6制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Trp-OBzl(4c)
按照实施例4的方法由1.2g(5.0mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸(3)和2.8g(6mmol)Trp-OBzl得到437mg(17%)标题化合物,为无色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=11.0(s,1H),8.83(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.64(d,J=7.80Hz,1H),7.52(d,J=7.50Hz,1H),7.34(m,6H),7.11(m,2H),6.97(m,1H),6.49(s,1H),6.42(s,1H),5.11(s,2H),4.66(d,J=7.50Hz,1H),4.15(d,J=2.40Hz,1H),3.17(d,J=5.10Hz,2H),2.64(m,1H),2.47(m,1H),1.24(s,6H);ESI-MS(m/e):513[M-H]-。
实施例7制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Tyr-OBzl(4d)
按照实施例4的方法由1.19g(5.00mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸(3)和2.4g(5.50mmol)Tyr-OBzl得到514mg(21%)标题化合物,为无色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=9.27(s,1H),8.83(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.67(d,J=7.80Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=4.20Hz,5H),6.95(d,J=8.40Hz,2H),6.64(d,J=8.40Hz,2H),6.51(s,1H),6.44(s,1H),5.13(d,J=2.10Hz,2H),4.54(q,J1=7.20Hz,J2=6.10Hz,1H),4.13(d,J=8.10Hz,1H),2.99(d,J=6.30Hz,2H),2.64(m,2H),1.40(d,J=7.80Hz,6H);ESI-MS(m/e):490[M-H]-。
实施例8制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Phe(5a)
按照实施例3的方法由427mg(0.89mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Phe-OBzl(4a)得304mg(88%)标题化合物,为无色固体。Mp:119-122℃;[α]2D5=57.2(c=0.1,MeOH);IR(cm-1):3408,3387,2970,1660,1517,1449,1291,1187,1148,1096,833,699,645;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=12.93(s,1H),8.73(d,J=42.0Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=19.5Hz,1H),7.27(m,5H),6.52(s,1H),6.45(s,1H),4.53(q,J1=7.5Hz,J2=5.7Hz,1H),4.11(dd,J1=8.4Hz,J2=2.4Hz,1H),3.18(s,1H),3.09(m,2H),2.62(m,1H),1.22(d,J=11.7Hz,6H);FT-MS(m/e):384.14845[M-H]-(理论值:384.14471)。
实施例9制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-His(5b)
按照实施例3的方法由335mg(0.72mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-His-OBzl(4b)得246mg(91%)标题化合物,为无色固体。Mp:172-175℃;[α]2D5=165.0(c=0.1,MeOH);IR(cm-1):3130,2850,1580,1516,1384,1260,1189,1149,1092,835;1HNMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=8.06(d,J=7.50Hz,1H),7.64(s,1H),6.87(s,1H),4.50(d,J=19.5Hz,2H),4.42(q,J1=6.90Hz,J2=6.00Hz,1H),4.16(m,1H),3.39(dd,J1=6.90Hz,J2=7.20Hz,1H),2.98(m,2H),2.67(m,2H),1.43(d,J=16.2Hz,6H);FT-MS(m/e):374.13678[M-H]-(理论值:374.13521)。
实施例10制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Trp(5c)
按照实施例3的方法由437mg(0.85mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Trp-OBzl(4c)得235mg(65%)标题化合物,为无色固体。Mp:186-187℃;[α]2D5=79.8(c=0.1,MeOH);IR(cm-1):3383,2975,1724,1659,1520,1456,1362,1280,1186,1147,1096,740;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=12.9(s,1H),11.0(s,1H),8.83(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.55(d,J=7.80Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=8.10Hz,1H),7.34(d,J=7.80Hz,1H),7.14(s,1H),7.05(t,J=7.50Hz,1H),6.99(t,J=12.3Hz,1H),6.50(s,1H),6.44(s,1H),4.57(dd,J1=17.7Hz,J2=7.20Hz,1H),4.14(d,J=9.00Hz,1H),3.23(d,J=5.10Hz,2H),2.66(d,J=13.8Hz,1H),2.42(m,1H),1.35(s,1H);FT-MS(m/e):423.15973[M-H]-(理论值:423.15561)。
实施例11制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Tyr(5d)
按照实施例3的方法由514mg(1.05mmol)(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-Tyr-OBzl(4d)得281mg(67%)标题化合物,为无色固体。Mp:134-135℃; IR(cm-1):3359,2975,1714,1613,1510,1444,1364,1220,1186,1147,1104,831;1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ/ppm=12.9(s,1H),9.25(s,1H),8.84(s,1H),8.68(s,1H),7.46(d,J=8.10Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=8.10Hz,2H),6.67(d,J=8.10Hz,2H),6.52(s,1H),6.45(s,1H),4.44(q,J1=7.20Hz,J2=5.70Hz,1H),4.13(dd,J1=2.40Hz,J2=4.50Hz,1H),2.96(m,3H),2.64(m,1H),1.40(d,J=10.8Hz,6H);FT-MS(m/e):400.13291[M-H]-(理论值:400.13963)。
实施例12评价化合物5a-d的溶栓活性。
SD大鼠(雄性,200±20g)按7mL/kg的剂量腹腔注射20%乌拉坦生理盐水溶液进行麻醉。麻醉大鼠仰卧位固定,分离右颈总动脉,于近心端夹动脉夹,近心端和远心端分别穿入手术线,将远心端的手术线于皮毛用止血钳夹紧,在远心端插管,松开动脉夹,放出约1ml动脉血,装在1ml子弹头中。往垂直固定的玻璃管(长15mm,内径2.5mm,外径5.0mm,管底用胶塞密封)中注入0.1ml大鼠动脉血液,往管内迅速插入一支不锈钢质料的血栓固定螺栓。该血栓固定螺旋用直径为0.2mm的不锈钢丝绕成,螺旋部分长12mm,含15个螺圈,螺圈的直径为1.0mm,托柄与螺旋相连,长7.0mm。血液凝固40min后,打开玻璃管底部的胶塞,用镊子固定血栓固定螺旋的托柄,从玻璃管中小心地取出被血栓包裹的血栓固定螺旋,精确称重。
旁路插管由3段构成,中段为聚乙烯胶管,长60.0mm,内径3.5mm;两端为相同的聚乙烯管,管长100.0mm,内径1.0mm,外径2.0mm该管的一端拉成尖管(用于插入大鼠颈动脉或静脉),外径为1.0mm,另一端的外部套一段长7.0mm,外径为3.5mm的聚乙烯管(加粗,用于插入中段的聚乙烯胶管内)3段管的内壁均硅烷化(1%的硅油乙醚溶液)。将血栓包裹的血栓固定螺旋放入中段聚乙烯胶管内,胶管的两端分别与两根聚乙烯的加粗端相套。用注射器通过尖管端向管中注满肝素生理盐水溶液(50IU/kg),备用。
继续分离大鼠的左颈外静脉,近心端和远心端分别穿入手术线,在暴露的左颈外静脉上小心地剪一斜口,将上面制备好的旁路管道的尖管由斜口插入左颈外静脉开口的近心端,同时远离旁路管中段(含精确称重的血栓固定螺旋)内血栓固定螺旋的托柄。用注射器通过另一端的尖管推入准确量的肝素生理盐水(50IU/kg),此时注射器不要撤离聚乙烯管,用止血钳夹住注射器与聚乙烯管之间的软管。在右颈总动脉的近心端用动脉夹止血,在离动脉夹不远处将右颈总动脉小心地剪一斜口。从聚乙烯管的尖部拔出注射器,将聚乙烯管的尖部插入动脉斜口的近心端。旁路管道的两端都用4号手术缝线与动静脉固定。
用头皮针将生理盐水(3ml/kg),尿激酶的生理盐水溶液(20000IU/kg)或化合物5a-d的生理盐水溶液(100nmol/kg)通过旁路管的中段(含精确称重的血栓固定螺旋),刺入远离血栓固定螺旋的近静脉处,打开动脉夹,使血流通过旁路管道从动脉流向静脉,此即大鼠动静脉旁路溶栓模型,缓慢将注射器中的液体注入到血液中,使生理盐水(空白对照),尿激酶(阳性对照)或化合物(治疗剂)通过血液循环,按静脉—心脏—动脉的顺序作用到血栓上。从开始注射时计时,1h后从旁路管道中取出血栓固定螺旋,精确称重。求每只大鼠旁路管道中血栓固定螺旋给药前后的重量差用于代表化合物5a-d的溶栓活性。结果见表1。数据表明,在100nmol/kg静脉注射剂量下化合物5b,c具有优秀的溶栓活性。本发明具有突出的技术效果。
表1化合物5a-d的溶栓活性
a)与NS组比P<0.01,与UK组比较P>0.05,与3组比较P<0.05;b)与NS组比P<0.05,与UK组比P>0.05,与3组比较P<0.05;n=10。
Claims (3)
2.权利要求1的(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA的制备方法,该方法包括:
2.1在氯化亚砜催化下按标准方法制备D(+)-β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乳酸苄酯;
2.2D(+)-β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乳酸苄酯在三氟化硼二乙醚的催化作用下转化成(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸苄酯;
2.3(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸苄酯在Pd/C催化氢化下按标准方法制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-羧酸;
2.4在叠氮磷酸二苯酯,N-甲基吗啉的催化作用下按标准方法制备(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA-OBzl;
2.5(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA-OBzl催化氢化转化成(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA。
3.权利要求1的(R)-6,7-二羟基-1,1-二甲基异色满-3-甲酰-AA在制备溶栓药物中的应用。
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CN112239448A (zh) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-19 | 首都医科大学 | 二羟基二甲基异色满-3-甲酰芳香氨基酸,其制备,抗栓活性和应用 |
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