CN112008060A - Piston liquid die forging forming device and forming method - Google Patents
Piston liquid die forging forming device and forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112008060A CN112008060A CN201910456007.7A CN201910456007A CN112008060A CN 112008060 A CN112008060 A CN 112008060A CN 201910456007 A CN201910456007 A CN 201910456007A CN 112008060 A CN112008060 A CN 112008060A
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- die
- liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
- B22D27/11—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of mechanical pressing devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a piston liquid die forging forming device and a forming method, wherein the piston liquid die forging forming device comprises a die carrier, an upper die assembly and a middle die assembly are arranged on the die carrier, a penetrating die cavity is formed in the middle die assembly, the die carrier is also provided with a liquid level adjusting mechanism which extends into the die cavity to plug a bottom opening of the die cavity and moves upwards to lift the liquid level during liquid injection forming. The method comprises the following steps of S1: smelting an alloy; s2: preparing a mould; s3: pouring molten steel; s4: filling and liquid forging; s5: demolding and taking a workpiece; s6: and (5) processing a finished product. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and capability of improving the mold filling effect and reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to a forming technology of a piston of an internal combustion engine, in particular to a piston liquid die forging forming device and a forming method.
Background
The piston is arranged in the cylinder sleeve, bears the inertia force generated by high temperature, high pressure and high speed movement, is a power conversion and output mechanism, bears the main function of converting heat energy into mechanical work, and has the advantages of continuous improvement of the strengthening degree of the internal combustion engine, compact structure, higher detonation pressure and higher power density, which become the direction of continuous improvement of the performance of the internal combustion engine, and the selection of the alloy steel piston is an important technical means for realizing the performance improvement of the internal combustion engine.
All-steel piston blank shaping among the prior art has: the method comprises four technical methods of casting, die forging, forge welding combination and liquid die forging, wherein the forge welding combination is a mature and economic steel piston forming process and method, and a plurality of disclosed technical schemes are provided; CN201610395218.0 discloses a manufacturing method of a steel inner-cooling piston and a die thereof, which applies a liquid forging technology to form a piston blank with an all-steel structure, and an upper punch is dynamically loaded with molten steel during liquid forging to complete the forming of the steel piston blank, thereby better solving the problems of poor liquid forging manufacturability and the like of the steel piston and also effectively improving the material utilization rate.
In the prior art, the integral forging and forming of the steel piston blank is relatively mature, the liquid forging and forming method is further developed along with the improvement of the service life of a die and the maturation of a liquid forging process, but the problems that: 1. when the steel piston blank is integrally forged and formed, a larger wall thickness difference exists between the steel piston pin seat and the skirt part, the depth of the inner cavity of the piston is large, the forging difficulty is large, the cost is high, the material utilization rate is low, the structure of the die is complex, and the manufacturing cost is high. 2. When the ferrous metal liquid forging is performed, the pouring temperature is more than 1500 ℃, the interface heat transfer coefficient is larger by one order of magnitude when heavy force casting is performed, the temperature of the die is increased, the heating is unbalanced, the thermal deformation is not standard, and the failure rate of the die is high. 3. The steel piston has the advantages of compact structure, thin skirt wall thickness, large inner cavity depth, indirect loading of the upper punch during liquid forging, low liquid level of high-temperature molten metal in the cavity before mold filling (the liquid level is at a lower position below the horizontal plane of a pin hole center line), large amount of vertical reverse flow of the molten metal during mold filling, short solidification time of liquid die forging metal (only 1/3-1/4 of common casting), high filling difficulty of the lower part of the piston skirt during liquid forging, and easy generation of defects of insufficient mold filling, cold shut and the like of the skirt. 4. And a cooling oil cavity is formed simultaneously during die forging, and the surface quality of the wall cavity of the cooling oil cavity is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a piston liquid die forging forming device and a forming method which have the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenience in operation and can improve the mold filling effect and reliability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a liquid die forging forming device of piston, includes the die carrier, the die carrier facial make-up is equipped with mould subassembly and well mould subassembly, set up the die cavity that runs through on the well mould subassembly, still install on the die carrier extend in the die cavity to die cavity end opening formation shutoff, and move up the liquid level guiding mechanism who is used for raising the liquid level when annotating the liquid shaping.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the liquid level adjusting mechanism comprises a lower die seat, a lower punching table and an adjusting piece, a punching table groove is formed in the lower die seat, the adjusting piece is installed on the lower die seat, the lower punching table is installed in the punching table groove, when the liquid level adjusting mechanism is in an unformed state, the top of the lower punching table extends into the cavity to plug the bottom opening of the cavity, and when liquid injection molding is carried out, the adjusting piece drives the lower die seat or raises the liquid level of the lower punching table.
The adjusting piece is set as a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is arranged between the die carrier and the lower die holder, and the lower punching table is fixedly arranged in the punching table groove.
The adjusting piece is set as a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is arranged in a punching table groove, and the lower punching table is movably arranged in the punching table groove in a sliding mode and is connected with the driving cylinder.
The adjusting piece is a spring, the lower die holder is provided with a positioning groove on the periphery of the stamping platform groove, the spring is sleeved in the positioning groove, and the lower stamping platform presses on the spring and is arranged in the stamping platform groove in a sliding mode.
The liquid level adjusting mechanism further comprises a lower fixing plate, the lower fixing plate is fixedly arranged at the top of the lower die base and extends to the position above the spring, a pressing plate is arranged on the periphery of the lower punching table, and the pressing plate extends to the position between the lower fixing plate and the spring.
And a lining is arranged in the punching platform groove, and the lower punching platform is contacted with the lining.
The middle die assembly comprises a middle die base, a wedge-shaped insert and a middle fixing plate, the wedge-shaped insert is wedged tightly on the middle die base, the middle fixing plate is fixedly arranged at the top of the middle die base and tightly presses the wedge-shaped insert, and the die cavity is formed in the wedge-shaped insert.
The wedge-shaped insert is an integrated annular body, a step convenient for forming the head of the piston is arranged in the cavity, and a fillet is arranged at the step.
The upper die assembly comprises an upper die base, an upper punch and an upper fixing plate, and the upper punch is fixedly arranged on the upper die base through the upper fixing plate.
The upper punch is provided with an exhaust hole.
The die carrier comprises an upper cross beam, a middle cross beam and a lower base, a guide shaft is arranged between the upper cross beam and the lower base, the middle cross beam is sleeved on the guide shaft, a demolding driving cylinder and a lower die driving cylinder are arranged on the lower base in an upper assembling mode, the middle cross beam is connected with the demolding driving cylinder, a middle die assembly is installed on the middle cross beam, a liquid level adjusting mechanism is connected with the lower die driving cylinder, an upper die driving cylinder is arranged on the upper cross beam in an upper assembling mode, and the upper die assembly is connected with the upper die driving cylinder.
A liquid die forging forming method for a steel piston is carried out by the liquid die forging forming device for the piston, and comprises the following steps:
s1: alloy smelting: smelting a piston blank alloy liquid according to the technical requirements;
s2: preparing a mould: cleaning and preheating the upper die assembly, the middle die assembly and the liquid level adjusting mechanism, spraying paint on the working surfaces of the upper die assembly, the middle die assembly and the liquid level adjusting mechanism, and resetting the upper die assembly, the middle die assembly and the liquid level adjusting mechanism to initial positions;
s3: pouring molten steel: pouring molten steel with the temperature higher than the liquidus temperature into a cavity according to a set amount under the protection of nitrogen;
s4: filling and liquid forging: the upper die assembly descends into the die cavity, and molten steel is extruded into the die cavity mold filling skirt part, the pin boss and the head part; the upper die assembly continues to descend, the molten steel and the liquid level adjusting mechanism are pushed to descend, a die cavity defined by the upper die assembly, the liquid level adjusting mechanism and the middle die assembly is filled with the molten steel, the upper die assembly and the liquid level adjusting mechanism are oppositely pressed, and the molten steel in the die cavity is solidified and plastically deformed under the action of pressure;
s5: demolding and taking a piece: the upper die assembly ascends to be separated from the piston blank, the middle die assembly drives the piston blank to ascend to be separated from the liquid level adjusting mechanism, the demolding block is placed into the inner cavity of the piston blank, the upper die assembly descends to push the demolding module, the demolding block drives the piston blank to be separated from the middle die assembly, and the separated piston blank is taken out;
s6: and (3) processing a finished product: and (3) carrying out heat treatment, finish machining and surface treatment on the piston blank by adopting mechanical machining.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the piston liquid forging forming device comprises a die frame, an upper die assembly, a middle die assembly and a liquid level adjusting mechanism, and has the advantages of simple and practical structure, low die cost, few faults and high reliability; when in molding, the upper die assembly vertically and directly loads the molten metal to push the molten steel to reversely flow into a narrow skirt part gap of the die, so that the reverse flow efficiency of the molten steel is improved, and the cold shut risk of a piston blank is reduced; before forming, the liquid level adjusting mechanism is used for ascending a section of height to lift the liquid level of the metal, so that the distance from the metal liquid to the lower end face of the skirt part in a reverse flowing mode during liquid forging is shortened, and the skirt part mold filling effect of the piston blank is improved; the mechanical property of the piston blank after heat treatment is basically consistent with that of a hammer die forging, the machining allowance is small, the forming manufacturability is good, and the cost can be well reduced. The liquid die forging forming method for the steel piston is carried out by using the liquid die forging forming device for the piston, so that the technical effects corresponding to the liquid die forging forming device for the piston are achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a piston liquid forging apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a state of use (liquid injection state) of example 1 of the piston liquid forging apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a state of use (molding state) of example 1 of the piston liquid forging molding apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a piston liquid forging apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a state of use (liquid injection state) of example 2 of the piston liquid forging apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a state of use (molding state) of a piston liquid forging molding apparatus according to example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic front view of a piston liquid forging apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a state of use (liquid injection state) of example 3 of the piston liquid forging apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a state of use (molding state) of example 3 of the piston liquid forging molding apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a flow chart of the liquid die forging forming method of the steel piston of the invention.
The reference numerals in the figures denote:
1. an upper die assembly; 11. an upper die holder; 12. an upper punch; 121. an exhaust hole; 13. an upper fixing plate; 2. a middle mold assembly; 21. a cavity; 211. a step; 22. a middle die holder; 23. a wedge insert; 24. a middle fixing plate; 3. a liquid level adjusting mechanism; 31. a lower die holder; 311. punching a platform groove; 312. a bushing; 313. positioning a groove; 32. a lower punch table; 321. pressing a plate; 33. an adjustment member; 34. a lower fixing plate; 4. a mold frame; 41. an upper cross beam; 42. a middle cross beam; 43. a lower base; 44. a guide shaft; 45. a demoulding driving cylinder; 46. a lower die driving cylinder; 47. and an upper die driving cylinder.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1:
fig. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a piston liquid forging forming device of the present invention, which includes a die carrier 4, wherein the die carrier 4 is provided with an upper die assembly 1 and a middle die assembly 2, the middle die assembly 2 is provided with a through cavity 21, the die carrier 4 is further provided with a liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 which extends into the cavity 21 to plug a bottom opening of the cavity 21 and moves upward to raise a liquid level during liquid injection forming. The piston liquid forging forming device comprises a die frame 4, an upper die assembly 1, a middle die assembly 2 and a liquid level adjusting mechanism 3, and has the advantages of simple and practical structure, low die cost, few faults and high reliability; when in molding, the upper die component 1 vertically and directly loads the molten metal to push the molten steel to reversely flow into a narrow skirt part gap of the die, so that the reverse flow efficiency of the molten steel is improved, and the cold shut risk of a piston blank is reduced; before forming, the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 is used for ascending a section of height to lift the liquid level of the metal, so that the distance from the metal liquid to the lower end face of the skirt part in a reverse flowing mode during liquid forging is shortened, and the skirt part mold filling effect of the piston blank is improved; the mechanical property of the piston blank after heat treatment is basically consistent with that of a hammer die forging, the machining allowance is small, the forming manufacturability is good, and the cost can be well reduced.
In this embodiment, the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 includes a lower die holder 31, a lower punch table 32 and an adjusting piece 33, a punch table groove 311 is formed in the lower die holder 31, the adjusting piece 33 is installed on the lower die holder 31, the lower punch table 32 is installed in the punch table groove 311, when the lower die holder is in an unformed state, the top of the lower punch table 32 extends into the die cavity 21 to seal the bottom opening of the die cavity 21, and when the liquid is injected for forming, the adjusting piece 33 drives the lower die holder 31 or the lower punch table 32 to raise the liquid level. In the structure, the adjusting piece 33 drives the lower die holder 31 or the lower punching table 32 to lift the liquid level, the distance from the metal liquid to the lower end face of the skirt part in the liquid forging process to reversely flow is shortened, and the skirt part mold filling effect of the piston blank is improved.
In this embodiment, the middle mold assembly 2 includes a middle mold base 22, a wedge-shaped insert 23 and a middle fixing plate 24, the wedge-shaped insert 23 is wedged tightly on the middle mold base 22, the middle fixing plate 24 is fixedly installed on the top of the middle mold base 22 and compresses the wedge-shaped insert 23, and the cavity 21 is opened on the wedge-shaped insert 23. In the structure, the wedge-shaped insert 23 is wedged in the middle die base 22 through the middle fixing plate 24, and the whole structure is simple and ingenious.
In this embodiment, the wedge insert 23 is an integrated annular body, a step 211 for facilitating the formation of the piston head is provided in the cavity 21, and a fillet is provided at the step 211. In the structure, the upper die assembly 1 is conveniently separated from the inner cavity of the piston blank by using the step 211; the demoulding module is arranged in the inner cavity of the piston blank, the piston blank is effectively separated from the wedge-shaped insert 23 under the pushing of the upper die assembly 1, the structure is simple, the efficiency is high, the reliability is high, and a complex demoulding mechanism is omitted; the piston blank is demoulded from the lower part of the wedge-shaped insert 23 of the middle die assembly, so that the structure of a liquid forging die can be simplified, the reliability of the die is improved, the manufacturing cost of the die is saved, and the demould of the piston blank is facilitated; the fillet structure relieves the abrupt change of the thickness of the section of the joint area of the piston pin seat and the piston head, which is beneficial to the mold filling of the piston head of the piston blank and simultaneously eliminates the liquid forging defect of the pin seat and the corner of the head step.
In this embodiment, the upper die assembly 1 includes an upper die base 11, an upper punch 12 and an upper fixing plate 13, and the upper punch 12 is fixedly mounted on the upper die base 11 through the upper fixing plate 13. In the structure, an upper punch 12 is fixedly arranged on an upper die holder 11 through an upper fixing plate 13, and during forming, the upper punch 12 extends into a die cavity 21 to extrude and form molten steel.
In this embodiment, the upper punch 12 is provided with a vent hole 121. The exhaust holes 121 are used for exhaust during molding, and molding quality is further improved.
In this embodiment, the mold frame 4 includes an upper beam 41, a middle beam 42 and a lower base 43, a guide shaft 44 is installed between the upper beam 41 and the lower base 43, the middle beam 42 is sleeved on the guide shaft 44, a demolding driving cylinder 45 and a lower mold driving cylinder 46 are installed on the lower base 43, the middle beam 42 is connected with the demolding driving cylinder 45, the middle mold assembly 2 is installed on the middle beam 42, the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 is connected with the lower mold driving cylinder 46, an upper mold driving cylinder 47 is installed on the upper beam 41, and the upper mold assembly 1 is connected with the upper mold driving cylinder 47. In the structure, an upper die driving cylinder 47 and a lower die driving cylinder 46 respectively drive an upper punch 12 and a lower punch platform 32 to move, namely the lower punch platform 32 moves upwards to press a head part and the upper punch 12 moves downwards to press a skirt part, so that a bidirectional opposite pressing effect is formed, the head part and the skirt part of a piston blank are balanced in pressure, the head part and the skirt part of the piston blank can obtain relatively consistent density and mechanical performance, and the overall quality of the piston blank is improved; the problems of the difference of the structure and the mechanical property of the piston blank caused by the uneven wall thickness of the head part and the skirt part and the inconsistent solidification deformation are solved; the demoulding driving cylinder 45 drives the middle mould component 2 to move, and the convenience of demoulding is improved.
In this embodiment, the adjusting member 33 is a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is installed between the die carrier 4 and the lower die holder 31, and the lower punch table 32 is fixedly installed in the punch table slot 311. The driving cylinder is a lower die driving cylinder 46, and the lower die base 31 is driven by the lower die driving cylinder 46 to drive the lower punch platform 32 to move upwards so as to raise the liquid level before forming.
Example 2:
fig. 4 to 6 show a second embodiment of the piston liquid forging forming apparatus of the present invention, which is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: in this embodiment, the adjusting member 33 is configured as a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is installed in the punching platform slot 311, and the lower punching platform 32 is movably and slidably installed in the punching platform slot 311 and connected with the driving cylinder. In this configuration, a driving cylinder is provided in the punch groove 311, and the lower punch 32 is driven by the driving cylinder alone to raise the liquid surface before molding.
In this embodiment, the bushing 312 is provided in the punch groove 311, and the lower punch 32 is in contact with the bushing 312. The bush 312 is adopted to play a role in guiding the lower punching table 32 in the up-and-down movement, so that the reliability is improved.
Example 3:
fig. 7 to 9 show a third embodiment of a piston liquid forging forming apparatus of the present invention, which is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: in this embodiment, the adjusting member 33 is a spring, the lower die holder 31 has a positioning groove 313 around the stamping groove 311, the spring is sleeved in the positioning groove 313, and the lower stamping 32 presses the spring and is slidably mounted in the stamping groove 311. In the structure, the spring sleeve is arranged in the positioning groove 313 to play a role in positioning the circumferential direction of the spring sleeve, so that the linear operation effect of the spring is ensured, when the spring sleeve is not in a forming state, the top of the lower punching table 32 extends into the cavity 21 to block the bottom opening of the cavity 21, and a gap for lifting the liquid level is formed between the bottom of the lower punching table 32 and the bottom of the punching table groove 311; during injection molding, the lower punch table 32 is moved down by the lower punch force of the upper die assembly 1 and eliminates the gap.
In this embodiment, the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 further includes a lower fixing plate 34, the lower fixing plate 34 is fixedly mounted on the top of the lower die holder 31 and extends above the spring, a pressing plate 321 is disposed on the periphery of the lower punch 32, and the pressing plate 321 extends between the lower fixing plate 34 and the spring. In this structure, the lower fixing plate 34 limits the spring and the pressing plate 321, and prevents the spring and the pressing plate 321 from coming off.
In this embodiment, the bushing 312 is provided in the punch groove 311, and the lower punch 32 is in contact with the bushing 312. The bush 312 is adopted to play a role in guiding the lower punching table 32 in the up-and-down movement, so that the forming effect is improved.
Fig. 1 to 10 show an embodiment of the liquid forging forming method for steel pistons, which is performed by the above-mentioned liquid forging forming device for pistons, and comprises the following steps:
s1: alloy smelting: smelting a piston blank alloy liquid according to the technical requirements;
s2: preparing a mould: cleaning and preheating the upper die assembly 1, the middle die assembly 2 and the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3, spraying paint on the working surfaces of the upper die assembly 1, the middle die assembly 2 and the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3, and returning the upper die assembly 1, the middle die assembly 2 and the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 to initial positions;
s3: pouring molten steel: pouring molten steel with the temperature higher than the liquidus temperature into the cavity 21 according to a set amount under the protection of nitrogen;
s4: filling and liquid forging: the upper die assembly 1 descends into the die cavity 21, and molten steel is extruded into the die cavity mold filling skirt part, the pin seat and the head part; the upper die assembly 1 continues to descend, the molten steel and the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 are pushed to descend, a cavity 21 defined by the upper die assembly 1, the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 and the middle die assembly 2 is filled with the molten steel, the upper die assembly 1 and the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 are oppositely pressed, and the molten steel in the cavity 21 is solidified under the action of pressure and is plastically deformed;
s5: demolding and taking a piece: the upper die assembly 1 ascends to separate from the piston blank, the middle die assembly 2 drives the piston blank to ascend to separate from the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3, the demolding block is placed into the inner cavity of the piston blank, the upper die assembly 1 descends to push the demolding module, the demolding block drives the piston blank to separate from the middle die assembly 2, and the separated piston blank is taken out;
s6: and (3) processing a finished product: and (3) carrying out heat treatment, finish machining and surface treatment on the piston blank by adopting mechanical machining.
By adopting the method, the upper die assembly 1 is vertically and directly loaded with the molten metal during molding, the molten steel is pushed to reversely flow into a narrow skirt part gap of the mold, the reverse flow efficiency of the molten steel is improved, and the cold shut risk of a piston blank is reduced; before forming, the liquid level adjusting mechanism 3 is used for ascending a section of height to lift the liquid level of the metal, so that the distance from the metal liquid to the lower end face of the skirt part in a reverse flowing mode during liquid forging is shortened, and the skirt part mold filling effect of the piston blank is improved; after heat treatment, the mechanical property of the piston blank is basically consistent with that of a hammer die forging, the machining allowance is small, the forming manufacturability is good, and the cost can be well reduced; the upper die driving cylinder 47 and the lower die driving cylinder 46 form a bidirectional opposite pressing effect, and the balanced pressure of the head part and the skirt part of the piston blank is beneficial to the head part and the skirt part to obtain relatively consistent density and mechanical performance, so that the overall quality of the piston blank is improved; the problems of density difference, mechanical property difference and the like of the piston blank caused by nonuniform wall thickness, solidification and deformation of the head part and the skirt part are reduced; the demoulding driving cylinder 45 drives the middle mould component 2 to move, and the convenience of demoulding is improved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides a piston liquid forging forming device, includes die carrier (4), die carrier (4) facial make-up is equipped with mould subassembly (1) and well mould subassembly (2), its characterized in that: a penetrating cavity (21) is formed in the middle die assembly (2), and a liquid level adjusting mechanism (3) which extends into the cavity (21) to plug a bottom opening of the cavity (21) and moves upwards to raise the liquid level during liquid injection molding is further installed on the die carrier (4).
2. The piston liquid die forging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: liquid level guiding mechanism (3) are including die holder (31), lower die block (32) and regulating part (33), be provided with towards platform groove (311) on die holder (31), regulating part (33) are installed on die holder (31), install down in towards platform groove (311) down die block (32), when not forming state, form the shutoff to die cavity (21) end opening in lower die block (32) top extends die cavity (21), when annotating the liquid shaping, liquid level is raised to regulating part (33) drive die holder (31) or lower die block (32).
3. The piston liquid die forging apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the adjusting piece (33) is set as a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is arranged between the die frame (4) and the lower die holder (31), and the lower punching table (32) is fixedly arranged in the punching table groove (311).
4. The piston liquid die forging apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the adjusting piece (33) is arranged as a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is arranged in a punching table groove (311), and the lower punching table (32) is movably arranged in the punching table groove (311) in a sliding mode and is connected with the driving cylinder.
5. The piston liquid die forging apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the adjusting piece (33) is provided with a spring, the lower die holder (31) is provided with a positioning groove (313) on the periphery of the punching table groove (311), the spring is sleeved in the positioning groove (313), and the lower punching table (32) is pressed on the spring and is arranged in the punching table groove (311) in a sliding mode.
6. The piston liquid die forging apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the liquid level adjusting mechanism (3) further comprises a lower fixing plate (34), the lower fixing plate (34) is fixedly arranged at the top of the lower die holder (31) and extends to the position above the spring, a pressing plate (321) is arranged on the periphery of the lower punching table (32), and the pressing plate (321) extends between the lower fixing plate (34) and the spring.
7. The piston liquid die forging apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: a bushing (312) is arranged in the punching table groove (311), and the lower punching table (32) is in contact with the bushing (312).
8. The piston liquid die forging apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: the middle die assembly (2) comprises a middle die holder (22), a wedge-shaped insert (23) and a middle fixing plate (24), the wedge-shaped insert (23) is wedged tightly on the middle die holder (22), the middle fixing plate (24) is fixedly arranged at the top of the middle die holder (22) and tightly presses the wedge-shaped insert (23), and the die cavity (21) is formed in the wedge-shaped insert (23).
9. The piston liquid die forging apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the wedge insert (23) is an integrated annular body, a step (211) convenient for forming the head of the piston is arranged in the cavity (21), and a fillet is arranged at the step (211).
10. The piston liquid die forging apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: the upper die assembly (1) comprises an upper die base (11), an upper punch (12) and an upper fixing plate (13), wherein the upper punch (12) is fixedly arranged on the upper die base (11) through the upper fixing plate (13).
11. The piston liquid die forging apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein: the die carrier (4) includes entablature (41), well crossbeam (42) and lower base (43), guiding axle (44) have been installed between entablature (41) and lower base (43), well crossbeam (42) suit is on guiding axle (44), lower base (43) facial make-up is equipped with drawing of patterns actuating cylinder (45) and lower mould actuating cylinder (46), well crossbeam (42) are connected with drawing of patterns actuating cylinder (45), well mould subassembly (2) are installed on well crossbeam (42), liquid level guiding mechanism (3) are connected with lower mould actuating cylinder (46), entablature (41) facial make-up is equipped with mould actuating cylinder (47), it is connected with mould actuating cylinder (47) to go up mould subassembly (1).
12. A liquid die forging method for forming a steel piston, which is performed by using the liquid die forging apparatus for a piston according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
s1: alloy smelting: smelting a piston blank alloy liquid according to the technical requirements;
s2: preparing a mould: cleaning and preheating the upper die assembly (1), the middle die assembly (2) and the liquid level adjusting mechanism (3), spraying paint on the working surfaces of the upper die assembly (1), the middle die assembly (2) and the liquid level adjusting mechanism (3), and resetting the upper die assembly (1), the middle die assembly (2) and the liquid level adjusting mechanism (3) to initial positions;
s3: pouring molten steel: pouring molten steel with the temperature higher than the liquidus temperature into a cavity (21) according to a set amount under the protection of nitrogen;
s4: filling and liquid forging: the upper die assembly (1) descends into the die cavity (21), and molten steel is extruded into the die cavity mold-filling skirt part, the pin seat and the head part; the upper die assembly (1) continues to descend, the molten steel and the liquid level adjusting mechanism (3) are pushed to descend, a cavity (21) defined by the upper die assembly (1), the liquid level adjusting mechanism (3) and the middle die assembly (2) is filled with the molten steel, the upper die assembly (1) and the liquid level adjusting mechanism (3) are oppositely pressed, and the molten steel in the cavity (21) is solidified under the action of pressure and plastically deformed;
s5: demolding and taking a piece: the upper die assembly (1) ascends to be separated from the piston blank, the middle die assembly (2) drives the piston blank to ascend to be separated from the liquid level adjusting mechanism (3), the demolding block is placed into the inner cavity of the piston blank, the upper die assembly (1) descends to push the demolding module, the demolding block drives the piston blank to be separated from the middle die assembly (2), and the separated piston blank is taken out;
s6: and (3) processing a finished product: and (3) carrying out heat treatment, finish machining and surface treatment on the piston blank by adopting mechanical machining.
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