CN112006768A - 股骨髓内钉钢板组合式固定装置 - Google Patents

股骨髓内钉钢板组合式固定装置 Download PDF

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CN112006768A
CN112006768A CN202011011044.6A CN202011011044A CN112006768A CN 112006768 A CN112006768 A CN 112006768A CN 202011011044 A CN202011011044 A CN 202011011044A CN 112006768 A CN112006768 A CN 112006768A
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杨润松
邓毅
王晓辉
姜海东
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
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    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B2017/8655Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor with special features for locking in the bone

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,包括设置于股骨外侧表面的钢板和设置于股骨髓腔内的髓内钉以及横向固定连接钢板和髓内钉的内锁定件;采用股骨远端外侧钢板结合股骨髓腔内固定的方式,以较少的创伤对股骨远端部位的骨折块进行有效、坚强的固定,稳定性强,并省去股骨近端锁定,同时省去内侧钢板,使手术过程简化。又可有效避免钢板带来的应力集中,又具备钢板固定的优势,使骨折解剖复位或接近于解剖复位固定,同时也可利用滑动孔进行折端加压,骨折愈合时间大大缩短,甚至一期愈合。后期拆除方便,该固定方式也可应用于股骨近端。

Description

股骨髓内钉钢板组合式固定装置
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域,具体涉及一种股骨髓钉钢板组合固定装置。
背景技术
在骨科临床治疗中,股骨远端髁间粉碎性骨折比较常见。1、目前治疗大多采取内外侧手术入路,采用双钢板固定,尽管外侧采用尽可能长的钢板,但应力集中现象依旧不能避免,而且随着钢板长度的增加,钢板与股骨的匹配越差,安装难度也相应加大,出现螺钉侧切股骨的现象也经常发生,为日后康复埋下隐患,有的患者甚至出现练功过程中螺钉侧切部位股骨骨折,因应力集中导致股骨再骨折也时有发生,另外,外侧长钢板固定,损伤也相应变大,内侧加装辅助支撑钢板还需另做切口,进一步加重损伤。而且安装内侧支撑钢板还有损伤血管的风险。2、如采用单纯髓内钉固定,还存在因锁钉数量有限固定强度不高,术后复位丢失,影响功能。3、现有技术采用钢板和髓内钉组合固定,因髓内钉阻挡钢板螺钉多为单皮质固定,固定强度差,髓内钉因钢板遮挡锁定困难,防旋效果差,甚至造成股骨劈裂的风险。过早功能练习有骨折复位丢失,固定失效的风险,影响患者肢体功能恢复。目前股骨髁间粉碎性骨折治疗存在诸多问题,功能不佳,应力集中导致的再骨折,复位丢失,固定失效,也时常困扰骨科医生。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,采用股骨远端外侧钢板结合股骨髓腔内固定的方式,以较少的创伤对股骨远端部位的骨折块进行有效、坚强的固定,稳定性强,并省去股骨近端锁定,同时省去内侧钢板,使手术过程简化。又可有效避免钢板带来的应力集中,又具备钢板固定的优势,使骨折解剖复位或接近于解剖复位固定,同时也可利用滑动孔进行折端加压,骨折愈合时间大大缩短,甚至一期愈合,后期拆除方便。
本发明的股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,包括设置于股骨远端外侧表面的钢板和设置于股骨髓腔内的髓内钉以及横向固定连接钢板和髓内钉的内锁定件;
进一步,所述内锁定件为具有锁定头的锁钉,所述锁钉的穿入端横向依次贯穿钢板、股骨外侧皮质、髓内钉和股骨内侧皮质并由锁钉的锁定头锁扣于钢板;
进一步,所述锁钉与钢板、股骨外侧皮质骨之间为螺纹固定连接,所述锁钉与髓内钉为活动连接;
进一步,所述钢板上设置有与髓内钉过孔匹配的锁钉孔,所述锁钉孔具有锥形内螺纹,所述锁钉为万向锁定锁钉;
进一步,所述髓内钉和股骨内侧皮质骨上设置有用于螺钉贯穿的过孔,所述过孔孔径与锁钉直径相匹配,所述过孔不少于6个;
进一步,所述钢板上设置有与髓内钉过孔匹配的锁钉孔,所述锁钉孔具有锥形内螺纹,所述锁钉为万向锁定锁钉;
进一步,所述髓内钉沿髁间窝向股骨髓腔内穿入并延伸至股骨近端;
进一步,在钢板近端以及与髓内钉相匹配的位置上设置有动力加压螺孔,设置于钢板上的加压螺钉贯穿髓内钉动力加压螺孔对骨折区轴向加压使骨折间隙变小;
进一步,所述动力加压螺孔为沿髓针轴向设置的腰形孔。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明公开的股骨髓针钢板组合式接骨固定装置,采用股骨远端外侧钢板结合股骨髓腔内固定的方式,以较少的创伤对股骨远端部位的骨折块进行有效、坚强的固定,稳定性强,并省去股骨近端锁定,同时省去内侧钢板,使手术过程简化。又可有效避免钢板带来的应力集中,又具备钢板固定的优势,使骨折解剖复位或接近于解剖复位固定,同时也可利用滑动孔进行折端加压,骨折愈合时间大大缩短,甚至一期愈合,后期拆除方便。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本实施例的股骨髓针钢板组合式接骨固定装置,包括设置于股骨1外侧表面的钢板2和设置于股骨1髓腔内的髓内钉3以及横向固定连接钢板2和髓内钉3的内锁定件;通过股骨1外侧钢板2和髓腔内的髓内钉3结合固定的方式进行有效、坚强的固定,稳定性强。髓内钉3是在股骨髁间窝进入髓腔中,髓内钉3对股骨髁部轴向起到固定作用,外侧钢板2和髓内钉3只向横向固定,形成矩形受力支撑结构,稳定性强。采用这种方式只需对股骨1的远端进行固定,髓内钉3的远端(股骨1近端)无需进行固定,即可消除应力集中,又免除髓内钉远端锁定困难,降低了手术难度,缩短了手术时间。用于股骨远端骨折时,钢板2设置于用于股骨1远端外侧表面,用于股骨近端骨折时,钢板2设置于股骨1近端外侧表面,髓内钉依然从股骨髁间窝进入髓腔中。
本实施例中,所述内锁钉件为具有锁定头5的螺钉4,所述螺钉4的穿入端横向依次贯穿钢板2、股骨外侧皮质骨11、内髓针3和股骨内侧皮质骨12并由螺钉4的锁定头5锁扣于钢板2;具有锁定头5的锁钉4的结构为现有技术,此处不再一一赘述。锁钉4的锁定头5固定于钢板2上,锁钉4体贯穿横向髓内钉3和股骨内侧皮质骨12,钢板2对侧面股骨1体不再设置钢板2,所形成的支撑结构由股骨1外侧的钢板2和股骨1髓腔内的髓内钉形成,由此可以减少安装孔。髓针上只需设置少量的过孔即可,一般6个左右,骨折远近端保证每端3个(如骨折线过长锁钉至少2个),即可实现很好的稳定性固定,且能减少应力集中现象的产生。由于安装孔减少,对骨体的创伤减小,手术简化,术程变短,减轻患者痛苦,但固定强度较以往固定方式增加,且有利于患者术后恢复,后期钢板2和髓针的拆卸也比较方便。
本实施例中,所述锁钉4与钢板2和股骨外侧皮质骨11之间为螺纹固定连接,所述锁钉4与髓内钉3为活动连接,所述髓内钉3和股骨内侧皮质骨12上设置有用于锁钉4贯穿的过孔,所述过孔孔径与锁钉4直径相匹配,所述过孔不少于6个;锁钉4与钢板2和股骨外侧皮质骨11之间通过螺纹固定,为过盈配合固定,锁钉4与髓内钉3和股骨内侧皮质骨12之间无固定关系,锁钉4与髓内钉和股骨内侧皮质骨12仅对锁钉4起到周向限位作用,即锁钉对股骨内侧皮质起到限位固定作用。借此替代内侧钢板,不仅可以消除应力集中现象,该固定结构对患者后期恢复锻炼具有很好的适应性。
本实施例中,所述钢板2上设置有与髓内钉3过孔匹配的锁钉4孔,所述锁钉4孔具有锥形内螺纹,所述锁钉4为万向锁定锁钉4;万向锁定锁钉4可以在各个方向与锁钉4孔中轴成15°植入,同时也可通过略微旋转髓针以使髓针上的过孔与锁4匹配进行植入安装,更方便快捷,增强了植入安装的适应和通用性。万向锁定锁钉4的结构为现有技术,此处不再一一赘述。
本实施例中,所述髓内钉3沿髁间窝向股骨1髓腔内穿入并延伸至股骨1近端;髓内钉3在髁间窝植入,髓内钉3对股骨髁起到轴向固定作用,股骨1近端的髓内钉3无需锁定固定。
本实施例中,在骨折部靠近股骨1近端的髓内钉3上设置有动力加压螺孔,设置于钢板2上的加压螺钉贯穿动力加压螺钉贯穿髓内钉动力加压螺孔对骨折区轴向加压使骨折间隙变小;所述动力加压螺孔为沿髓针轴向设置的腰形孔。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (8)

1.一种股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,其特征在于:包括设置于股骨外侧表面的钢板和设置于股骨髓腔内的髓内钉以及横向固定连接钢板和髓内钉的内锁定件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,其特征在于:所述内锁定件为具有锁定头的锁钉,所述锁钉的穿入端横向依次贯穿钢板、股骨外侧皮质骨、髓内钉和股骨内侧皮质骨并由锁钉的锁定头锁扣于钢板。
3.根据权利要求2所述的股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,其特征在于:所述锁钉与钢板、股骨外侧皮质骨之间为螺纹固定连接,所述锁钉与髓内钉为活动连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,其特征在于:所述钢板上设置有与髓内钉过孔匹配的锁钉孔,所述锁钉孔具有锥形内螺纹,所述锁钉为万向锁定锁钉。
5.根据权利要求3所述的股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,其特征在于:所述髓内钉和钢板对侧皮质骨上设置有用于螺钉贯穿的过孔,所述过孔孔径与锁钉直径相匹配,所述过孔不少于6个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,其特征在于:所述髓内钉沿髁间窝向股骨髓腔内穿入并延伸至股骨近端。
7.根据权利要求4所述的股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,其特征在于:在钢板近端以及与髓内钉相匹配的位置上设置有动力加压螺孔,设置于钢板上的加压螺钉贯穿髓内钉动力加压螺孔对骨折区轴向加压使骨折间隙变小。
8.根据权利要求7所述的股骨髓钉钢板组合式固定装置,其特征在于:所述动力加压螺孔为沿髓针轴向设置的腰形孔。
CN202011011044.6A 2020-09-23 2020-09-23 股骨髓内钉钢板组合式固定装置 Pending CN112006768A (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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