CN112006022A - 克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂及用法和应用 - Google Patents

克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂及用法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112006022A
CN112006022A CN202010912494.6A CN202010912494A CN112006022A CN 112006022 A CN112006022 A CN 112006022A CN 202010912494 A CN202010912494 A CN 202010912494A CN 112006022 A CN112006022 A CN 112006022A
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段巧红
黄家保
原玉香
魏小春
曹燕燕
张丽丽
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Abstract

本发明属涉及一种克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂及用法和应用。本发明涉及芸薹属植物和萝卜属植物育种技术领域,以大白菜和萝卜为例,在大白菜和萝卜进入始花期,大量盛开的时候,于晴天上午8:00‑10:00时间段,将混有0.025%Tween‑20(增加溶液的黏附性)的1 mM‑10 mM的水杨酸钠溶液,使用喷雾器,喷洒在刚展开呈十字花的柱头上,中间间隔30 min,喷洒第二次,每次喷5‑7下,柱头上可见雾滴,第二次喷洒后柱头上的雾滴全部干燥后授上新鲜的花粉,掐掉多余未展开的花序,套上收种袋。本发明的方法适用于芸薹属植物自交不亲和系和萝卜属植物自交不亲和系。向大白菜(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)和萝卜(Raphanus sativus)自交不亲和系的刚展开呈十字花的柱头上喷洒水杨酸钠溶液,都能不同程度地提高自交亲和指数。

Description

克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂及用法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于育种技术领域,更具体地说,特别涉及一种克服植物自交不亲和性的试剂及用法和应用。
背景技术
自交不亲和性是被子植物进化出的一种防止自花授粉促进异花授粉的遗传机制,在防止自交衰退促进后代适应性方面具有重要意义。根据雄性识别因子的来源,自交不亲和性分为孢子体自交不亲和及配子体自交不亲和。目前为止,芸薹属植物为代表的孢子体自交不亲和有很多研究成果,主要集中在自花花粉的识别,即位于柱头乳突细胞的雌性决定因子SRK受体只能与相同S-单元型的花粉信号分子SP11/SCR相结合,从而激发乳突细胞产生排斥反应,抑制自花花粉。大白菜等芸薹属蔬菜作物及萝卜等萝卜属蔬菜作物是典型的孢子体自交不亲和植物,表现为自花花粉不能在柱头上萌发,或萌发后在柱头乳突细胞上缠绕而无法进入柱头,而异花花粉可以萌发、生长、进入柱头并完成受精过程。因此,芸薹属及萝卜属作物常利用自交不亲和系来制备杂交种。利用自交不亲和系育种,不用人工去雄因而降低种子生产成本,并且父本和母本都可以收获杂交种因而制种效率高,选用强自交不亲和系也能保证较高的杂种率。但是,在制备杂交种时,选用高度自交不亲和系来提高杂交率的同时会造成亲本繁殖效率低下而导致制种成本高。另外,在利用自交不亲和系或雄性不育系制备杂交种时,除了保证目标性状出现杂种优势,还要兼顾父本与母本携带不同的S基因,这在很大程度上限制了亲本选配自由。因此,探索高效的广泛适用的克服自交不亲和性的方法是自交不亲和性利用的重要组成部分之一。
目前生产上主要运用喷洒食盐水来克服亲本的自交不亲和,但是高浓度食盐水对植物有伤害性,因此繁种效率低下。育种研究中主要利用蕾期授粉繁殖亲本,但是蕾期去雄费时费力且容易伤害柱头。近年来, 发现细胞分裂素(6-BA)、生长素(NAA、IBA)等生长调节物质可以克服大白菜及甘蓝的自交不亲和。除此之外,有些物理及机械方法如高温、电助授粉器、钢刷授粉、CO2处理、γ射线辐射等可以提高自交结实率。但是这些操作都不利于推广。因此,急需寻找一种更高效的具有广谱性的克服自交不亲和性的方法。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂及用法和应用。
本发明解决技术问题的技术方案是:一种克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂,所述试剂为混有Tween-20的水杨酸钠溶液。
所述试剂中每1mM-10mM 的水杨酸钠溶液中含有0.025%Tween-20。
芸薹属所用试剂为:每1mM-5mM 的水杨酸钠溶液中含有0.025% Tween-20;萝卜属所用试剂为:每2mM-10mM 的水杨酸钠溶液中含有0.025% Tween-20。
克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂的用法,在植物进入始花期时,于晴天上午,将上述试剂喷洒在花序上刚展开的柱头上,共喷施两次,间隔30min,每次喷5-7下,柱头上可见雾滴,第二次喷施15 min后自交授粉,待果荚成熟后收种。
克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂在由自花授粉时柱头活性氧过高造成的自交不亲和植物上的应用。
我们在研究大白菜和萝卜的自交不亲和调控机制的过程种,发现自花授粉使柱头产生高水平的活性氧,因此抑制自花花粉的萌发。水杨酸钠是一种羟自由基清除剂,使用水杨酸钠喷施花期柱头,通过降低柱头活性氧而克服大白菜等芸薹属植物及萝卜等萝卜属植物的自交不亲和,减少对自花花粉的抑制,促进自花花粉在柱头上萌发、生长、进入柱头并完成受精过程,主要的构思有别于目前任何一种方法。本方法操作简单方便,易于推广,且克服自交不亲和的效果显著。本方法对植物的伤害性小,应用范围广,可以应用到白菜、甘蓝等芸薹属作物及各种萝卜属作物。而且该方法可以进一步用于克服十字花科其他作物的自交不亲和,对十字花科作物的育种及制种具有重要的价值。
本发明适用于芸薹属作物及萝卜属作物的自交不亲和系或具有自交不亲和性的雄性不育系。大白菜(Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) 和萝卜 (Raphanus sativus)自交不亲和植株的刚展开呈十字花的柱头上喷洒水杨酸钠溶液,都能不同程度地提高自交亲和指数。田间实验结果表明,喷施水杨酸钠之后,自交不亲和大白菜的亲和指数由原来的0.48提高到6.69,果荚的长度是原来的2 倍,平均果荚内结籽数提高到为6.69 粒;自交不亲和萝卜的亲和指数由原来的0.12提高到3.27,果荚的长度是原来的1.5 倍,平均果荚内结籽数为3.27粒。
附图说明
图1. 使用羟自由基特异性染料, 羟苯基荧光素HPF (Hydroxyphenylfluorescein), 检测大白菜柱头活性氧在自花授粉及异花授粉后的变化;
图2. 水杨酸钠处理大白菜花期柱头后羟自由基变化(HPF染色);
图3. 不同浓度Tween-20对花粉萌发的影响;
图4. 喷施水杨酸钠后大白菜自花花粉管的生长;
图5. 喷施水杨酸钠后大白菜的果荚长度;
图6. 喷施水杨酸钠后大白菜的亲和指数;
图7.使用羟自由基特异性染料, 羟苯基荧光素HPF (Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein),检测萝卜柱头活性氧在自花授粉及异花授粉后的变化;
图8. 水杨酸钠处理萝卜柱头羟自由基变化(HPF染色);
图9. 喷施水杨酸钠后萝卜自花花粉管的生长;
图10. 喷施水杨酸钠后萝卜的果荚长度;
图11.喷施水杨酸钠后萝卜的亲和指数。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:
实施例1以大白菜为例
大白菜在喷施水杨酸钠前一天摘除已经开放的花,套收种袋。第二天上午对新开花序进行水杨酸钠溶液喷施(水杨酸钠溶液含有0.025%的Tween20,水杨酸钠浓度为0 mM、1 mM、3 mM、 5 mM),每次喷5-7下,共喷施2次,间隔30min,第二次喷施后待柱头干燥后自交授粉,套收种带防止污染其他花粉。20—30天后进行果荚解剖,统计亲和指数,见表1。
表1. 喷施水杨酸钠后大白菜的亲和指数
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002AAAAAA
由图1-图6, 及表1,我们可以得出:自花授粉导致大白菜柱头活性氧升高,对应于自交不亲和,而异花授粉导致大白菜柱头活性氧降低,对应于异交亲和 (图1),说明柱头活性氧对大白菜花粉萌发有抑制作用;用水杨酸钠这种活性氧清除剂,可以有效清除大白菜柱头活性氧(图2);促进自大白菜花花粉的萌发,生长 (图4),果荚伸长(图5)与自交结实 (图6)。用于喷施的水杨酸钠溶液中混有0.025%的Tween 20用来增加渗透,且不影响花粉管生长(图3)。
实施例2以萝卜为例
萝卜在喷施水杨酸钠前一天摘除已经开放的花,套收种袋。第二天上午对新开花序进行水杨酸钠溶液喷施(水杨酸钠溶液含有0.025%的Tween20,水杨酸钠浓度为0 mM、2 mM、5mM、 10 mM),每次喷5-7下,共喷施2次,间隔30min,第二次喷施后待柱头干燥后自交授粉,套收种带防止污染其他花粉。20—30天后进行果荚解剖,统计亲和指数,见表2
表 2. 喷施水杨酸钠后萝卜的亲和指数
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
由图7-图11及表2,我们可以看出,与大白菜相似,自花授粉导致萝卜柱头活性氧升高,对应于自交不亲和,而异花授粉导致萝卜柱头活性氧降低,对应于异交亲和 (图7),说明柱头活性氧对萝卜花粉萌发有抑制作用;用水杨酸钠清除萝卜柱头活性氧(图8),可以促进萝卜自花花粉的萌发与生长(图9),果荚伸长(图10)与自交结实(图11)。

Claims (5)

1.一种克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂,其特征在于:所述试剂为混有Tween-20的水杨酸钠溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂,其特征在于:所述试剂中每1mM-10mM 的水杨酸钠溶液中含有0.025%Tween-20。
3.根据权利要求2所述的克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂,其特征在于:芸薹属所用试剂为:每1mM-5mM 的水杨酸钠溶液中含有0.025% Tween-20;萝卜属所用试剂为:每2mM-10mM 的水杨酸钠溶液中含有0.025% Tween-20。
4.如权利要求1-3所述的克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂的用法,其特征在于:在植物进入始花期时,于晴天上午,将上述试剂喷洒在花序上刚展开的柱头上,共喷施两次,间隔30min,每次喷5-7下,柱头上可见雾滴,第二次喷施15 min后自交授粉,待果荚成熟后收种。
5.克服芸薹属和萝卜属自交不亲和性的试剂在由自花授粉时柱头活性氧过高造成的自交不亲和植物上的应用。
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CN103081954A (zh) * 2013-02-18 2013-05-08 青岛农业大学 泽漆次生代谢物质的醇溶液制剂及其制备方法
CN104792982A (zh) * 2015-03-10 2015-07-22 山东盛百灵医药科技有限公司 一种阿司匹林耐药性监测试剂
CN105409929A (zh) * 2015-11-27 2016-03-23 沧州大洋化工有限责任公司 一种农药稳定增效剂及其制备方法
CN106039235A (zh) * 2016-07-28 2016-10-26 佛山市朗达信息科技有限公司 具有理气通便功效的口服液及其制法

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