CN112003301A - Control method for photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system with primary frequency modulation function - Google Patents
Control method for photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system with primary frequency modulation function Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system with a primary frequency modulation function, which comprises the following steps: determining rated power, target power and active power upper limit of a photovoltaic power station of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, calculating to obtain a pre-frequency-modulation instruction, calculating frequency deviation x, judging whether the frequency deviation x is in a specified range, judging whether the active power instruction before frequency modulation and actual active power deviation are in the specified range, distributing the pre-frequency-modulation active power instruction to each inverter according to a judgment result, calculating an F (x) function according to the frequency deviation and superposing the F (x) function on the actual active power to form a post-frequency-modulation active power instruction, and finally distributing the post-frequency-modulation active power instruction to each inverter. According to the invention, the maximum active power of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is calculated, and 10% Pe is subtracted on the basis as the instruction of the real-time power generation control system, so that the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system has a primary frequency modulation function in the whole process, and the operation safety of a power grid is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, relates to a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, and particularly relates to a control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system with a primary frequency modulation function.
Background
The frequency of the power grid is determined by the generated power and the user load, when the generated power is larger than the user load, the frequency of the power grid is increased, otherwise, the frequency is reduced. The primary frequency modulation is that a generator set generates a signal source through frequency fluctuation, a load instruction is triggered to change to complete the active power increase or decrease, the change of electric quantity on a user side is met, and therefore the stability of the power grid frequency is maintained.
At present, a new energy power station does not have a primary frequency modulation function, and in order to improve the overall stability of a power grid, the national policy of continuously leaving the power station promotes the stable improvement of the frequency modulation capability of a generator set. In 2019, the national mandatory 'safety and stability guide rule of electric power systems' proposes that power supplies have the capabilities of primary frequency modulation, rapid voltage regulation and peak regulation and meet the requirements of relevant standards, wherein the power supplies comprise hydropower, thermal power, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and the like. Therefore, how to enable the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system to have a primary frequency modulation function is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system with a primary frequency modulation function, which is reasonable in design, stable in performance and flexible in control.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a control method for a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system with a primary frequency modulation function comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the rated power Pe of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, and entering the next step;
step 2, scheduling the master station to transmit target power P0, and entering the next step;
step 3, setting the real-time maximum active power P5 of the inverter of the single sample board machine, and if the number of the current inverters is n, the upper limit of the active power of the photovoltaic power station is P2 ═ P5 ×, and entering the next step;
step 4, calculating to obtain a pre-frequency modulation command P1 according to the upper limit of active power P2 and the rated power Pe of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, and entering the next step;
step 5, calculating a frequency deviation x, judging whether the frequency deviation x is within a specified range, if so, entering the next step, otherwise, entering the step 10;
step 6, selecting a low value between the target power P0 and the pre-frequency-modulation command P1 as a pre-frequency-modulation active power command P3, judging whether the deviation between the pre-frequency-modulation active power command P3 and the actual active power P7 is within a specified range, if so, finishing the active power regulation of the current round, and entering the step 1, otherwise, entering the next step;
step 7, distributing the active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation to each inverter according to the capacity of the available inverters, and entering the next step;
step 8, selecting a final active power instruction P6 according to the active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation or the active power instruction P4 after frequency modulation: when the final active power instruction P6 is larger than the actual active power P7, starting the number of inverters to meet the increase of the active power, otherwise, entering the next step;
9, when the final active power command P6 is smaller than the actual active power P7, stopping the number of inverters to meet the reduction of the active power, finally realizing that the deviation between the active power command P6 and the actual active power P7 is in a specified range, ending the single circulation flow and returning to the step 1;
step 10, calculating an F (x) function according to the frequency deviation x;
step 11, outputting and superposing a function f (x) on the actual active power P7 to form a frequency-modulated active power command P4 ═ f (x) + P7, and entering step 8;
step 12, selecting a low value between the target power P0 and the active power instruction P4 after frequency modulation as an active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation, judging whether the deviation between the active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation and the actual active power P7 is within a specified range, if so, finishing the active power regulation of the current round, and entering the step 1, otherwise, entering the next step;
and step 13, distributing the active power command P4 after frequency modulation to each inverter according to the capacity of the available inverters, and returning to the step 8.
Furthermore, the pre-frequency modulation command P1 in step 4 is calculated according to the following formula: P1-P2-10% Pe.
In step 5, the formula for calculating the frequency deviation x is as follows: and x is f-f0, wherein f is the grid frequency, and f0 is the standard frequency of 50 Hz.
Then, step 5 determines whether or not the frequency deviation x is within a range specified as follows: dead zone 0.05 Hz.
Then, the step 6 determines whether the deviation between the pre-frequency modulation active power command P3 and the actual active power P7 is within the following specified range: dead zone ± 1% Pe.
Furthermore, the deviation between the active power command P6 and the actual active power P7 in the step 9 is within the range specified as follows: dead zone ± 1% Pe.
Moreover, the F (x) function is set as follows:
if x < -0.15, then f (x) is 0.1 Pe;
if-0.15 ≦ x < -0.05, then f (x) ═ 0.05) Pe;
if-0.05 Pe ≦ x <0.05, then f (x) is 0;
if 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.15, f (x) ═ 0.05-x) Pe;
if x >0.15, f (x) is-0.1 Pe.
Then, the step 12 determines whether the deviation between the pre-frequency modulation active power command P3 and the actual active power P7 is within the following predetermined range: dead zone ± 1% Pe.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. according to the invention, the maximum active power of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is calculated, and 10% Pe is subtracted on the basis as an instruction of the real-time power generation control system, so that the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system has a primary frequency modulation function in the whole process.
2. The invention judges the active power target instruction and the maximum active power sent by the regulation and control main station, eliminates the active power with lagging standby capacity, and adopts a smaller instruction, thereby ensuring the operation safety of the power grid.
3. According to the invention, a frequency difference calculation function is adopted to generate a frequency modulation instruction which is superposed on the current actual active power; meanwhile, when the frequency modulation instruction is inconsistent with the actual power, the frequency modulation instruction is prior to the main station instruction, and the main station is not adopted to issue the active power instruction, so that the frequency modulation effect is optimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system connection diagram;
fig. 2 is a control logic diagram of the photovoltaic power generation control system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention mainly aims at a control method adopted by a photovoltaic power station to participate in primary frequency modulation, and aims to ensure safe and stable operation of a power grid and improve the photovoltaic power generation consumption capacity. The active power control is generally realized by an inverter, which is a conversion device for converting direct current electric energy into alternating current electric energy for supplying to a load through the on and off action of a semiconductor power switch, and is the core of electric energy conversion of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system.
As shown in fig. 1, the active power control means automatically receives an active power instruction issued by a scheduling master station, removes inverters which cannot be adjusted or do not participate in adjustment, such as a fault inverter, a communication fault inverter, and a sample inverter, by using all adjustable inverters as adjustment objects through automatic closed-loop adjustment, calculates the number of the inverters to be turned on or turned off, and adjusts an active power actual value according to the selected active power instruction. And when the frequency fluctuation of the power grid exceeds the dead zone, the active power instruction after frequency modulation is calculated and superposed to the active power instruction, and the standby part of the active power is utilized to realize the frequency modulation function by controlling the inverter.
Based on the above description, the design idea of the invention is as follows:
1. under the condition that the frequency of a power grid is normal, the photovoltaic power generation system automatically reduces the active power generation capacity, the maximum active power capacity of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system is calculated, and on the basis, 10% of Pe (Pe is the rated power of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system) is subtracted to obtain an instruction of a real-time power generation control system to serve as the reserve capacity of primary frequency modulation.
2. When the frequency of the power grid is lower than the normal frequency, the active power is increased under the condition of spare capacity, the function of participating in primary frequency modulation is provided, and a frequency modulation command is mainly generated through a frequency difference calculation function and is superposed on the current actual active power and is not superposed on a command P6; because of possible inconsistencies between the commanded and actual power, frequency modulation takes precedence over master commanded.
3. When the current active power of the unit is zero, the unit has a primary frequency modulation function as long as the maximum active power of the photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system is larger than a threshold value (the minimum starting power of a single inverter).
4. And judging that the regulation and control main station issues an active power target instruction and the maximum active power, eliminating the active power with lagging reserve capacity, and realizing the power grid safety by adopting a smaller instruction.
Based on the design concept, the invention provides a control method for a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system with a primary frequency modulation function, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 2:
step 1, determining rated power Pe of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, and entering the next step.
And 2, scheduling the main station to transmit the target power P0, and entering the next step.
And 3, setting the real-time maximum active power P5 of the inverter of the single sample board machine for the maximum power of the photovoltaic sample board machine, calculating the available number n of the inverters to obtain the upper limit of the active power P2 ═ P5 × n, and entering the next step.
And 4, calculating the upper limit P2 of the active power of the total station based on the photovoltaic power generation sample board machine, subtracting 10% Pe from P2 to obtain a pre-frequency-modulation command P1 which is P2-10% Pe, and entering the next step.
And 5, setting the grid frequency f and the standard frequency f0 to be 50Hz, calculating the frequency deviation x to be f-f0, judging whether the frequency deviation x is within the range of the dead zone +/-0.05 Hz, if so, entering the next step, and otherwise, entering the step 10.
And 6, selecting a low value between the target power P0 and the pre-frequency-modulation command P1 as a pre-frequency-modulation active power command P3, judging whether the deviation between the P3 and the actual active power P7 is within the range of +/-1% Pe of a dead zone, if so, finishing the active power regulation of the current round, and entering the step 1, otherwise, entering the next step.
And 7, distributing the active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation to each inverter, namely starting or stopping the number of the inverters to achieve the purpose of power control, reasonably distributing the available inverters according to the capacity by considering the number of the fault inverters or the stopped inverters, ensuring that the active power instruction after frequency modulation is accurately issued, ensuring that each inverter completes instruction execution, and entering the next step.
Step 8, selecting a final active power instruction P6: and selecting one of P3 or P4, starting the number of inverters to meet the increase of the active power when the final active power command P6> the actual active power P7, and otherwise, entering the next step.
And 9, when the final active power command P6 is smaller than the actual active power P7, stopping the number of inverters to meet the reduction of the active power, finally realizing that the deviation between the active power command P6 and the actual active power P7 is within the range of +/-1% Pe of a dead zone, ending the single circulation flow and returning to the step 1.
And step 10, calculating an F (x) function according to the frequency deviation x, and entering the next step.
In this step, the function f (x) is specifically set as follows:
if x < -0.15, then f (x) is 0.1 Pe;
if-0.15 ≦ x < -0.05, then f (x) ═ 0.05) Pe;
if-0.05 Pe ≦ x <0.05, then f (x) is 0;
if 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.15, f (x) ═ 0.05-x) Pe;
if x >0.15, f (x) is-0.1 Pe.
Step 11, outputting the function f (x), superimposing the function f (x) on the actual real power P7 to form the frequency-modulated real power command P4 ═ f (x) + P7, and proceeding to step 8.
And step 12, selecting a low value between P0 and P4 as an active power command P3 before frequency modulation, judging whether the deviation between the active power command P3 before frequency modulation and the actual active power P7 is within the range of +/-1% Pe of a dead zone, if so, finishing the active power regulation of the current round, and entering the step 1, otherwise, entering the next step.
And step 13, distributing the active power instruction P4 after frequency modulation to each inverter, wherein during distribution, the number of fault inverters or deactivated inverters must be considered, reasonably distributing the available inverters according to the capacity, ensuring that the active power instruction after frequency modulation is accurately issued, ensuring that each inverter completes instruction execution, and returning to step 8.
It should be emphasized that the embodiments described herein are illustrative rather than restrictive, and thus the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description, but also includes other embodiments that can be derived from the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system with a primary frequency modulation function is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the rated power Pe of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, and entering the next step;
step 2, scheduling the master station to transmit target power P0, and entering the next step;
step 3, setting the real-time maximum active power P5 of the inverter of the single sample board machine, and if the number of the current inverters is n, the upper limit of the active power of the photovoltaic power station is P2 ═ P5 ×, and entering the next step;
step 4, calculating to obtain a pre-frequency modulation command P1 according to the upper limit of active power P2 and the rated power Pe of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, and entering the next step;
step 5, calculating a frequency deviation x, judging whether the frequency deviation x is within a specified range, if so, entering the next step, otherwise, entering the step 10;
step 6, selecting a low value between the target power P0 and the pre-frequency-modulation command P1 as a pre-frequency-modulation active power command P3, judging whether the deviation between the pre-frequency-modulation active power command P3 and the actual active power P7 is within a specified range, if so, finishing the active power regulation of the current round, and entering the step 1, otherwise, entering the next step;
step 7, distributing the active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation to each inverter according to the capacity of the available inverters, and entering the next step;
step 8, selecting a final active power instruction P6 according to the active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation or the active power instruction P4 after frequency modulation: when the final active power instruction P6 is larger than the actual active power P7, starting the number of inverters to meet the increase of the active power, otherwise, entering the next step;
9, when the final active power command P6 is smaller than the actual active power P7, stopping the number of inverters to meet the reduction of the active power, finally realizing that the deviation between the active power command P6 and the actual active power P7 is in a specified range, ending the single circulation flow and returning to the step 1;
step 10, calculating an F (x) function according to the frequency deviation x;
step 11, outputting and superposing a function f (x) on the actual active power P7 to form a frequency-modulated active power command P4 ═ f (x) + P7, and entering step 8;
step 12, selecting a low value between the target power P0 and the active power instruction P4 after frequency modulation as an active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation, judging whether the deviation between the active power instruction P3 before frequency modulation and the actual active power P7 is within a specified range, if so, finishing the active power regulation of the current round, and entering the step 1, otherwise, entering the next step;
and step 13, distributing the active power command P4 after frequency modulation to each inverter according to the capacity of the available inverters, and returning to the step 8.
2. The control method of the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step 4, the pre-frequency modulation command P1 is calculated according to the following formula: P1-P2-10% Pe.
3. The control method of the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the formula for calculating the frequency deviation x in the step 5 is as follows: and x is f-f0, wherein f is the grid frequency, and f0 is the standard frequency of 50 Hz.
4. The control method of the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: step 5 is to determine whether the frequency deviation x is within a range specified as follows: dead zone 0.05 Hz.
5. The control method of the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: step 6 is to judge whether the deviation between the active power command P3 before frequency modulation and the actual active power P7 is within the following specified range: dead zone ± 1% Pe.
6. The control method of the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the deviation between the active power command P6 and the actual active power P7 in the step 9 is within the range specified as follows: dead zone ± 1% Pe.
7. The control method of the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the F (x) function is set as follows:
if x < -0.15, then f (x) is 0.1 Pe;
if-0.15 ≦ x < -0.05, then f (x) ═ 0.05) Pe;
if-0.05 Pe ≦ x <0.05, then f (x) is 0;
if 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 0.15, f (x) ═ 0.05-x) Pe;
if x >0.15, f (x) is-0.1 Pe.
8. The control method of the primary frequency modulation function of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: step 12 is to determine whether the deviation between the pre-frequency modulation active power command P3 and the actual active power P7 is within the following specified range: dead zone ± 1% Pe.
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